First, look after the progression, but don't look before the progression.
The meaning of the latter clause goes further than that of the previous clause, and the relationship between the former clause and the latter clause is progressive.
The typical relational word of progressive relationship is "not only … but also ……". Words with the same function as "not only" are not only, not only, not only, not only and not only. The same words as "He" include "He", "He", "Ye" and ". In addition, there are several progressives "not only …… but also …… even ……", in which "even" means secondary progressives. The same words as "even" are more special, special, important, key, core and interesting.
The meaning of carrying out clauses goes further, and the latter clauses are the key points. The first-level progression and the second-level progression coexist, the second-level progression is the key, and the last step of multiple progressions is the key. Therefore, you should look after the progression, not before it. For example:
The bus priority strategy adopted by Beijing is not only to create a smooth traffic environment for the Olympic Games, but also to some extent help to cultivate Beijing citizens' public transport awareness and civic awareness. The shaping of these two kinds of consciousness of Beijing citizens is a wealth for Beijing's long-term development.
This passage mainly discusses:
A. Beijing Olympic Games B. Traffic environment for the Olympic Games
C. Two kinds of consciousness of Beijingers D. Beijing public transport priority strategy
Answer c
After the progressive analysis is the key point, we grasp the following topic sentence by expressing the progressive related word "more important" and determine that the correct answer is C. The "bus priority strategy" before the progressive is not the key point that the author wants to express.
Second, look after the inflection point, not before it.
The meaning of the front and back clauses is opposite or relative, and the front and back clauses are a turning point. The speaker's intention is to express one meaning in the preceding clause and another meaning in the following clause.
The typical relative word of the turning point is "though …". The same functions as "although" include "although", "although" and "of course". The same functions as "but" include "but", "however", "however" and "que". Actually, actually, actually, actually, just, of course, and so on. It also means a turning relationship, which is a weak turning point.
In a paragraph, topic sentences usually appear after the related words indicating the turning relationship. So, look after the inflection point, not before it. When strong turn and weak turn appear at the same time, strong turn is usually the focus. For example:
Social conflict plays the role of motivator, which stimulates the establishment of new norms, rules and systems, thus acting as an agent to promote the socialization of opposing parties. In addition, conflicts reaffirm potential norms, thus strengthening participation in social life. As an incentive factor for the improvement and formation of norms, conflict makes it possible to adjust changed social relations. However, whether social conflict is conducive to internal adaptation depends on what kind of problems the conflict occurs and the social structure in which the conflict occurs.
This passage mainly explains:
A. Social conflict contributes to social integration
B. the integration function of social conflicts requires conditions.
C. Social conflict is a manifestation of insufficient socialization.
D. Social conflict is one of the ways to participate in social life.
Answer b
After the inflectional word "but", that is, "whether social conflict is conducive to internal adaptation depends on what kind of problems the conflict occurs and the social structure in which the conflict occurs", we can just grasp this topic sentence. It can be seen from "depending on" that the role of social conflict requires conditions, and the correct answer is B. The turning point "but" is about the role of social conflict, not the focus of the paragraph, and can be omitted.
Third, the conclusion depends on it, but it is not necessary to look beyond the conclusion.
One clause explains the reason and the other shows the result. These two clauses are causal.
The typical related words of causality are "because" and "because" have the same function, which are "because" and "because"; The same functions as "so" include "so", "therefore", "visible", "so", "in a sentence", "in a sentence" and so on.
In a paragraph, topic sentences usually appear after the related words indicating causality. So we should look at the conclusion part, not outside the conclusion. It should be pointed out that "the reason ... is because" emphasizes the reason in the form of inverted sentences, and then you need to see the reason part. For example:
With the improvement of social civilization, women's talents in highly rational industries such as media, universities, scientific research, finance, etc. have not only gained more space for display, but also helped them create more and more remarkable achievements. Of course, the roles of wife and mother still limit the development of women's potential. Therefore, behind a successful woman are often her hardships that others can't understand.
This passage mainly says:
A. With the improvement of social civilization, the professional level of women is getting higher and higher.
B. Women are more suitable for highly rational industries such as media, universities, scientific research and finance.
C. With the improvement of professional quality, women need to make more efforts to succeed in their careers.
D. Without the limitation of the roles of wife and mother, women's potential will be brought into greater play.
Answer c
The conclusion is followed by the key point. The article leads to the topic sentence "A successful woman often has hardships that others can't understand" through the conclusion word "so". C is a synonym for the topic sentence in the text, the correct answer.
Fourth, the necessary conditions should be looked at, not beyond the conditions.
One sentence puts forward the condition, and the other sentence indicates the result when the condition is met. These two sentences are a conditional relationship. This condition is the only necessary condition, it is a necessary condition.
Signs indicating necessary conditions only include, must, need, unless, must, how, how, etc.
Necessary conditional sentences lead to countermeasures to solve the problem, which is usually the focus of the paragraph. Therefore, it depends on the necessary conditions, not the conditions. For example:
The eyes of the masses are discerning, but without sufficient guidance and restraint, this "discerning" may become a kind of paranoia, a kind of conceit without direction. The institutional arrangement that the "majority" overrides the "minority" is likely to fall into a one-sided and narrow trap. "Superior" comments and officials face "one person"; In the "public" evaluation, officials are faced with a group of people. Only when the pressure of "supporting the sky" and the responsibility of "standing on the ground" complement each other can they really play a sufficient supervisory role; Only by organically combining the top-down and bottom-up supervision forces can we avoid the one-sidedness of "one person" and "a group of people" in the game.
The general idea of this passage is:
A. question the rationality of mass appraisal. B. reasonably guide and restrain the will of the masses.
C. How to effectively supervise officials D. How to strike a balance between the masses and superiors
Answer c
The last necessary conditional sentence is the topic sentence of the paragraph. "Organic combination of top-down and bottom-up supervision forces" is the topic sentence of the paragraph, which talks about "how to effectively supervise officials", and C is the correct answer.
5. We should look at the general part, but not the sub-part.
The context of writing refers to the structure of the article and the author's writing ideas. A paragraph has a certain context, including "total-subtotal", "subtotal" and "total-subtotal". The summary part is usually the point of view of the paragraph or the measures to solve the problem, and it is also usually the topic sentence of the paragraph. The general part is usually located in the first or last sentence of a paragraph, so you need to grasp the principles of the first and second sentences when doing the problem. The narrative part is to prove or explain the views or measures of the general part, which is not the key point and can be ignored. For example:
Example 5 "Red Film" is coming! With the joint high-profile promotion of relevant ministries and several major mobile operators, SMS in China is expected to "blossom everywhere". A symposium entitled "Red Piece Phenomenon-China's Cultural Spirit and Industry Trend in the Internet Age" kicked off as the Lunar New Year approached. The degree of its attention can be seen from the participants: Xi Guohua, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, Hu Zhanfan, Deputy Director of State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, Li Yue, Vice President of China Mobile Communications Group ... Xu Long, General Manager of Guangdong Company of China Mobile Communications Group, wrote that the short message with ideological content, strong knowledge, short and pithy form and inspirational effect is a "red joke".
The most accurate summary of this passage is:
A "red jokes" are expected to be popular in China.
B. "Red jokes" are very popular short messages on mobile phones.
The phenomenon of "red jokes" has attracted the attention of leaders.
D. What is a "red joke"
Answer a
The context of the text is "always divided", and the opening part mainly introduces that "red jokes" will be popular in China mobile phone short messages, which leads to the full text. The following part introduces the related activities and the explanation of red paragraphs one by one, which belongs to the narrative part. Then the first sentence of the paragraph is the focus of the paragraph, and A is the synonymous replacement of the key content. C and D are fragment information, which is not important, and B is irrelevant. So choose option a, you can catch the general part of the first sentence here, and you don't have to look at the rest.
Sixth, the main sentence should be read, but the adverbial of manner can be ignored.
When you encounter a long and difficult sentence, you should grasp the trunk of the sentence, that is, the subject-predicate object of the sentence. Branches and leaves of a sentence, including attributes, adverbials and complements, are used to modify the trunk of the sentence and can be omitted. "De" connects the attribute and the head, the adverbial and the head, and the complement and the head. These auxiliary words are the branch marks of sentences. For example:
With the progress of communication technology, the public opinion environment in which the government is in power has changed obviously. Various public opinions can be quickly transmitted across time and space with the help of modern communication tools such as the Internet and short messages, thus expanding the space of opinions and enhancing the power of opinions. The increasing transparency of decision-making and citizens' awareness of democratic participation have increased the pressure of public opinion of the government. In this context, the government needs to change the passive way to deal with the "crisis of public opinion" and adopt new ways to deal with the new situation in time.
The most accurate summary of this passage is:
A. Explain that it is necessary for the government to change its response in the new public opinion environment.
B. compare the objective environment and methods of government public opinion propaganda in different periods.
C. Analysis of the external reasons for the increasing pressure of public opinion of the ruling government
Analyze the relationship between the development of communication technology and the change of public opinion environment.
Answer a
Instead of looking at the adverbial "with ……", we can grasp the topic sentence "We need to change the passive way in the past and adopt new ways to deal with the new situation in time". You don't have to look at the branches and leaves of a sentence, just grasp the main part and you can judge that the correct answer is A.
Seven, to solve the problem depends on the purpose itself.
The purpose is not important, solving the problem is the answer. The words that guide the purpose are "want", "want", "want" and "have talent". Words that mean "solving problems" include "must, need, should" and so on. It should be noted that measures to solve problems are often necessary conditions, and measures to solve problems are the focus. For example:
Even if social efforts provide an equal opportunity system, people will still form an income gap in the initial distribution. Because in the market economy, capital also needs to be paid, and people who own capital can also get paid by owning capital, which further widens the income gap in the initial distribution. Therefore, in order to narrow the income distribution gap when adopting the market economy system, it is necessary to narrow the gap formed in the initial distribution through the state-led redistribution process; Otherwise, the income distribution gap is too large, resulting in excessive differentiation and conflict of social strata, leading to the contradiction of overproduction.
This passage is mainly about:
A. it is difficult to achieve income balance. B. the redistribution process is essential.
C. The distribution gap stems from the system D. The income distribution system must be reformed
Answer b
After the conclusion is the key point, you can determine that the topic sentence is after "so". In the topic sentence, "for" indicates the purpose, without looking. This depends on the "redistribution process", a "must"-oriented measure to solve the problem. The correct answer is B.
The point of view of the paragraph depends on the example itself.
Examples of signs include "for example", "as", "for example" and "take", as well as stories and data. You can give examples.
Illustrate the front view and back view with examples. The key point is to find the front view and back view. The example itself is not important and can be omitted when reading. The options around the examples are traps set by the proposer and should be eliminated. For example:
A person's daily life, including food, clothing, housing and transportation, including some details of life, can reflect his spiritual realm, his life mentality, lifestyle and cultural taste. Balzac once quoted two proverbs in On Elegant Life to illustrate this truth. One is: "A person's soul can be understood by the way he holds a cane." The other sentence is: "Please talk, walk, eat and dress, then I can tell you who you are."
The general idea of this passage is:
A Balzac found that people's spiritual realm can be expressed through the details of life.
B. A person's spiritual realm is bound to show itself in daily life.
C. How a person's spiritual state depends mainly on his attitude towards life.
D. a person with a higher quality of life will have a higher realm of life.
Answer b
From the writing context, analytical paragraphs belong to a typical summation structure. The first sentence is a topic sentence, and Balzac's example is cited later to further illustrate the theme of the paragraph, so A is excluded first. The "attitude towards life" mentioned in C and the "realm of life" mentioned in D are obviously inconsistent with the "details of life" in the text, so items C and D are excluded. Therefore, the correct answer to this question is B.
Nine, look at the opposite before, but don't look at the opposite argument.
A negative argument is to prove a positive point of view from a negative perspective. The sign of negative argument is "otherwise, otherwise, if not/not". The negative argument itself is not important and can be saved when reading. When you see a negative argument, you should focus on the previous point of view, that is, "look at the negative argument in front, not at the negative argument behind." The options around negative arguments are traps set by proposers and should be eliminated. For example:
Generally speaking, China plays an important role in the world. But as individuals, many people in China still feel that they have nothing. The strength of the country and the weakness of individuals make some people psychologically unbalanced and feel that they are still alive like victims of bullying in the semi-colonial era. For this reason, we need to have a rational understanding of our living conditions and overcome the narrow "victim complex". Otherwise, it will be difficult for a rising China to shoulder its responsibilities commensurate with its international status.
The core meaning of this passage is:
A. China urgently needs to improve the personal status of its citizens. China people need to adjust their mental state.
C. Why do China people have a "victim complex" D. The rising China should assume corresponding international status.
Answer b
The topic sentence of the analysis paragraph is "We need to have a rational understanding of our own living conditions and overcome the narrow' victim complex'". "Otherwise" is followed by a negative argument to prove the previous point, and the correct answer is B.
Ten, based on looking back, based on not seeing yourself.
Quote is what we usually call quotation. Citation is to introduce or prove a point of view, including positive quotation and negative quotation. Positive quotation means that the author's viewpoint is basically consistent with the quoted viewpoint; Reverse quotation means that the author's point of view runs counter to the quoted point of view. Citation, as a means to support evidence, is not important in itself, but the author's point of view. "People usually think", "generally think" and "some people think" are usually wrong views, so you can ignore them. Focus on the correct point of view after quoting. For example:
It is generally believed that after eating fat, cholesterol will increase, blood lipids will increase, and the probability of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as gallstones will also increase. Therefore, for their own health, especially for some women to lose weight, they will try to avoid eating meat in their lives. It is undeniable that eating more fiber-rich foods such as vegetarian food, vegetables and fruits is really helpful to lose weight. In fact, recent medical research on vegetarianism has confirmed that women's frequent vegetarianism will have a destructive effect on hormone secretion in the body, and may even lead to infertility.
The general idea of this passage is:
A. Although vegetarianism is harmful to human body, it can prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as gallstones.
A simple vegetarian diet may lead to infertility and other symptoms.
C men's long-term single vegetarian diet will not produce endocrine disorders and other symptoms.
D. Eating more vegetarian food helps to lose weight.
Answer b
The analysis of "eating more vegetarian food helps to lose weight" is a reference to one's own point of view, and D is the interference term. The author's point of view is to emphasize the harm of women eating vegetarian food, and the correct answer is B.
Here, I summarize the skills of skimming the topic, hoping to help the majority of candidates review their own language understanding and expression, especially the topic summary. Knowledge is comprehensive, and when doing other module topics and reading application materials, you can also use the above principles flexibly to improve the speed and accuracy of problem solving.
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If in doubt, please consult the public education enterprises in China.
If in doubt, please consult the public education enterprises in China.