Geological environment management, as an administrative function of land and resources management department, is still in its infancy. Facing the present situation and difficulties of geological disaster prevention and control in this area, our city has been actively studying how to carry out geological disaster prevention and control investigation according to the actual situation in this area since 1993. We have basically found out the basic distribution law of geological disasters in the city, established the first four-level contact network for prevention and control of geological disasters in the province, and implemented a new management system of "planning → detailed rules → organization". No major geological disasters have occurred for four consecutive years, and good social benefits have been achieved. In April 2002, it was awarded the national advanced unit for geological disaster prevention and control by the Ministry of Land and Resources.
1. Investigate deeply and analyze the reasons.
Organize engineers and technicians to go to counties (cities) for investigation and study, and collect and sort out all kinds of data such as topography, geological conditions, soil and water conservation, local climate, geological disaster types and so on. And classified into books for comprehensive analysis and research. Have a good understanding of the distribution, characteristics and causes of geological disasters in this area, and lay a solid foundation for prevention and control.
2. Improve the system and clarify responsibilities.
First, establish a duty system and a quick report system during the flood season in Taiwan Province; Secondly, prepare the prevention and control plan of geological disasters in flood season in Taiwan Province; Three, notify the known hidden dangers (lots) to take preventive measures. Whenever a disaster happens, immediately organize technicians to rush to the scene for investigation. And notify the relevant departments to provide basis for leadership decision-making and timely treatment.
3. Establish a network and grasp the dynamics.
And grasp the development trend and hidden danger points of geological disasters in this city in time, and initially establish four groups of geological disaster prevention and control contact networks composed of the main leaders of the local and county (city) Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources and key administrative villages.
4. Strive for funds and actively prevent and control.
It is actively suggested that the relevant county (city) governments allocate special funds for governance, coordinate the planning, demonstration and project declaration of prevention and control projects, and strive for the national "special fund for prevention and control of geological disasters" of 4.3 million yuan and the provincial government's special fund for prevention and control of geological disasters of 6.5 million yuan.
Second, preventive measures
The formation and evolution of geological disasters are mainly controlled by natural factors such as atmospheric precipitation, topography, geological structure and human engineering and economic activities. Therefore, it is still very difficult and unrealistic to try to prevent them from happening through human efforts. However, as long as human engineering and economic activities are properly handled, the geological environment is rationally developed and utilized, the policy of "prevention first, combining prevention with control" is conscientiously implemented, the investigation, evaluation and planning of geological disasters are earnestly strengthened, and the prevention of major geological disasters, especially the risk assessment of geological disasters, is well done, the occurrence of geological disasters can be prevented or reduced, and the harm degree of geological disasters can be reduced.
1. Actively carry out publicity and education work.
Because geological disasters are a new subject, the public lacks understanding of geological disasters, so it is urgent to strengthen the popular science propaganda of geological prevention and control. Therefore, governments at all levels should first seriously study, publicize and implement the mineral resources law, environmental protection law, water law, soil and water conservation law, No.4 Administrative Measures for the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters issued by the Ministry of Land and Resources and No.0/04 Administrative Measures for the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters issued by the People's Government of Zhejiang Province, so as to enhance the legal awareness of leaders at all levels and the broad masses of cadres and people to protect the geological environment and publicize the scientific knowledge of geological disasters.
2. Strengthen the leadership in the prevention and control of geological disasters.
Party committees and governments at all levels should earnestly strengthen their leadership over the prevention and control of geological disasters. Whether the prevention and control of geological disasters is done well directly affects the sustained, healthy and stable development of Lishui's national economy. It should be noted that the areas with serious geological disasters are poverty-stricken areas, with blocked traffic and harsh natural conditions, and it is extremely difficult to prevent geological disasters. Lishui is an underdeveloped and backward city, especially Jingning, Qingtian and other counties (cities) have just got rid of poverty and the economy is relatively difficult. The prevention and control of geological disasters is not only an economic problem, but also a social problem, which is related to economic development and social stability. It is particularly important to put the prevention and control of geological disasters on the important agenda of the government, strengthen the leadership of the prevention and control of geological disasters and enhance the sense of urgency and responsibility.
3. Preparation of geological disaster prevention and control planning.
In order to improve the level of prevention and control of geological disasters in the near future, prevention and control should be carried out on the basis of in-depth understanding of the disaster situation at this stage, that is, investigation and research should be carried out from the disaster-causing factors, and a systematic and comprehensive investigation of basic geological disasters should be carried out to determine the prevention and control steps and methods; Secondly, according to local conditions, the medium and long-term geological disaster prevention and control plan of Lishui City is compiled.
(1) Understand and master the types, basic characteristics and distribution laws of geological disasters in Lishui City, and find out the serious geological disasters and their possible harm degree and the current stability of disaster bodies.
(2) On this basis, the geological disaster zoning is carried out, and the areas obviously threatened by geological disasters are designated as geological disaster-prone areas or key dangerous areas.
(3) The designated dangerous areas shall be reported to the local government for approval by the competent department of geology and mineral resources and announced to the public. Dangerous areas should be restricted by engineering construction and human activities. According to the harm degree and possible harm of each geological disaster point, we should distinguish priorities, formulate geological disaster prevention and control plans, and study and put forward geological environment and geological disaster prevention and control countermeasures.
4. Formulate supervision and management measures
Management Rules for the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters in Lishui City is an important part of protecting the geological environment in Lishui City and implementing the strategy of coordinated development of resources, environment and population. It is also a reliable guarantee for preventing and controlling geological disasters, reducing geological disaster losses, ensuring the safety of people's lives and property and ensuring the smooth progress of socialist modernization. The formulation and effective implementation of the Detailed Rules for the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters is conducive to bringing the prevention and control of geological disasters into the legal track, realizing a "trinity" new system of prevention and control of geological disasters guided by prevention and control planning, based on the detailed rules for the implementation, and taking organizational means as the means, which is of great significance to promoting the management of geological minerals, especially the management of geological environment.
5. Organize the monitoring and forecasting of geological disasters.
It is impossible for the government to control all geological disasters with its existing financial resources. For most geological disasters, only by strengthening monitoring and forecasting can we avoid casualties caused by geological disasters and minimize economic losses.
(1) The governments of counties (cities) determine their respective monitoring and forecasting priorities according to the results of the preliminary survey and general survey in the region, and prepare the disaster prevention plan for geological disasters in the recent flood season in the region according to the requirements of the higher-level geological and mineral departments, so as to minimize the losses caused by geological disasters.
(2) According to the location of geological hazards (hidden danger points) and threatened objects, the disaster monitoring tasks will be implemented in specific departments and units. The government should hire a professional team to monitor the harmful points that are very harmful and may cause a large number of casualties and property losses.
(3) For general geological disasters (hidden dangers), a geological disaster monitoring group shall be established in the township where the disaster point is located, and the township shall be responsible for preparing the disaster prevention plan. The pre-plan must be clear: dynamic monitoring personnel of geological disasters, disaster prevention and early warning standards, early warning agencies and responsible persons, early warning signals, evacuation routes, etc. Villagers with serious work, certain knowledge and professional skills and strong sense of responsibility are selected as monitors, and each monitor is trained in the knowledge of geological disaster prevention and control, and a responsibility system is formulated to carry out mass simple monitoring under the guidance of professional and technical personnel.
6. Establish a geological disaster prevention fund.
Because the prevention and control of geological disasters is a new public welfare undertaking, the social benefits are huge, but the economic benefits are not obvious. Geological disasters involve thousands of households. To prevent and control geological disasters, it is necessary to mobilize the strength of the whole society to make it a national activity, establish a group monitoring and prevention system, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of governments at all levels and all walks of life to prevent and control geological disasters, widely mobilize and organize the participation of the whole society, and raise funds for prevention and control of geological disasters through multiple channels, so as to provide a material basis for prevention and control measures of geological disasters. Based on prevention and control, create a good geological environment for sustainable development for Lishui's economic construction.
Third, prevention and control measures
The prevention and control of geological disasters must be carried out on the basis of geological disaster exploration. The following briefly introduces the main prevention and control methods of several common geological disasters.
1. Landslide control
There are always anomalies (precursors) before landslides occur. Landslides of different types, properties and characteristics will have various anomalies before sliding, showing signs (precursors) of sliding. To sum up, the common ones are as follows:
(1) Before the landslide occurred, at the toe of the front slope of the landslide, the spring water that had been blocked for many years revived, or the spring water (well) suddenly dried up, the water level of the well (hole) suddenly changed and other similar abnormal phenomena appeared.
(2) In the landslide, transverse and longitudinal radial cracks appear in the front edge. This reflects that the landslide body has been pushed forward and blocked, and has entered the state of imminent sliding.
(3) Before the landslide, soil uplift (uplift) occurred at the toe of the landslide front. This is a clear sign that the landslide is moving forward.
(4) Before the large slip, there is the influence of rock fracture or shear extrusion. This sign reflects deep deformation and rupture. Animals are very sensitive to this and have abnormal reactions.
(5) Before the landslide, the rock mass (soil) around the landslide will collapse and relax on a small scale.
(6) If long-term displacement observation is carried out on the landslide, both horizontal displacement and vertical displacement tend to accelerate before large sliding. This is a clear sign of decline.
(7) The cracks at the trailing edge of the landslide expand rapidly, and hot air (or cold air) gushes out from the cracks.
(8) Animals are abnormal in panic and plants are abnormal. For example, pigs, dogs and cows are frightened and restless, unable to sleep, rats scurrying around without entering holes, trees withering or askew, etc.
The stability of landslide can be roughly judged according to some external signs and characteristics by identifying whether the landslide is stable with naked eyes and observing the landslide from a macro perspective outside the field.
(1) The old landslide with stable accumulation layer has the following characteristics: ① The back wall is high, covered with trees, and it is very stable without scratches; ② The landslide platform is wide, huge and flat, with dense soil and no subsidence; ③ The front slope of the landslide is gentle, the soil is dense, covered with trees, and there is no loose collapse. There are signs that the front edge faces the river and the river has washed it away; ④ At present, the river is far away from the tongue of landslide, and even floodplains and terraces have been distributed outside the tongue; ⑤ The natural gully on the tongue of landslide cuts deeply, even reaching the bedrock; ⑥ There is clear spring water flowing out at the bottom of landslide tongue.
(2) Unstable landslides often have the following symptoms: ① The overall slope of the landslide is steep and extends for a long time, with uneven slope; (2) There is a landslide platform with a small area, gentle downward dip and no flatness; ③ There are springs, wetlands and new gullies on the surface of the landslide; (4) the uneven settlement of the landslide surface is uneven on the local platform; ⑤ loose rock and soil and small-scale collapse occur from time to time at the front of landslide, which is in danger of being washed away by river water; 6. There is no huge upright forest on the landslide.
It should be pointed out that the above signs are only general, and more accurate judgment needs further observation and research.
When landslide disaster occurs, the following measures should be taken:
(1) When you are on the landslide, you should first keep calm and don't panic. Generally, except for high-speed landslides, as long as you move quickly, you may escape from the dangerous area. When running away, the best direction is to run in both directions. It is dangerous to run up or down the slope. Don't panic when you encounter an unavoidable high-speed landslide. Under certain conditions, such as landslide sliding as a whole, it is an effective self-help measure to keep still or hold on to trees.
(2) When suspicious landslide activities are found in non-landslide areas, they should immediately report to the neighboring villages, townships, counties and other relevant governments or units. And immediately organize relevant governments, units, troops, experts and local people to participate in rescue and relief activities.
(3) The government departments should immediately implement emergency measures and quickly organize the masses to evacuate from the dangerous areas and areas that may be affected. Inform people in neighboring valleys and gullies to prepare for evacuation and pay close attention to the spread and transformation of the disaster. If landslides often turn into debris flow disasters (secondary disasters) in heavy rains and floods, observation points should be set up quickly to pay close attention to their changes.
The main methods of landslide control: generally, the methods of "avoiding, discharging, reducing, blocking and anchoring" are adopted to prevent and control landslides. "Avoidance" refers to avoiding landslides as much as possible when choosing building site selection, railway and highway route selection and town site selection. If it is impossible to avoid landslides or buildings that have been built in landslides, engineering treatment should be carried out according to economic feasibility. The main engineering control measures can be summarized into three types: one is to "drain" water to eliminate or reduce the harm of water; The second is to change the balance conditions of landslide, such as: cutting slope "reducing" heavy feet, building "retaining" soil walls, anti-slide piles, "anchoring" and so on. The third is to change the geotechnical properties of landslides.
(1) intercept surface water. Intercept and discharge the surface water outside the landslide to prevent the surface water from flowing into the landslide area; Or clear the rainwater and spring water in the landslide as soon as possible to prevent rainwater and spring water from entering the landslide. Surface water drainage is an indispensable treatment method for landslide control and should be taken as the first long-term application measure. The main projects are as follows: First, horizontal intercepting ditch, foundation trough, longitudinal drainage trough and drainage culvert are built outside the landslide. The second is to build a surface drainage ditch on the landslide. This spring project will draw away surface water and spring water in time to reduce the chance of stagnant flow and infiltration. Be sure to pay attention to the leakproofness of ditches and troughs, and maintain them frequently, otherwise it will be counterproductive.
(2) Slope protection foot. The main engineering measures are: 1) T dam to prevent the toe of landslide from being washed by river water and reservoir water, and to prevent the toe from being hollowed out and unstable, resulting in landslide. It is a building that urges the mainstream to deviate to the other side of the landslide and protects the foot of the landslide from being washed by the river in the area where the landslide is seriously washed. T-shaped dams are generally downstream, with an angle of 60 ~ 70 with the water flow; It can reduce the scouring intensity of water flow 10% ~ 15%. The second is to throw stones, lay gabions and build reinforced concrete block pipes at the front edge of the landslide to prevent the soil at the foot of the slope from being washed away by the river. It is mainly used for landslide control along rivers and reservoirs.
(3) Reduce weight by cutting slopes. Cutting slope to reduce weight is also called cutting slope to reduce load. This method is often used to deal with landslides or napped landslides with steep upward and gentle downward, but there is no reliable anti-sliding section in front, which improves the shape of landslide, reduces the slope height, gradient, landslide body and center of gravity, and improves the stability of landslide body. If the upper part is cut off and filled at the foot of the slope, the effect will be better.
(4) Retaining walls, anti-slide piles, anchoring and other projects are adopted to enhance the stability of landslides.
Examples of landslide control:
(1) caulking. Landslides with open cracks on the surface can be tamped with clay or cement soil to make them fish-backed. Prevent rainwater and surface runoff from directly infiltrating into the joints, and play a role in accelerating the sliding of lubrication. The upper part of the landslide behind Yinqiaokeng Village, Yuanxiang, Yunhe County cracked nearly 20 cm. After plugging the joints with clay, it has been stable for more than 5 years and no new development trend has been found.
(2) Drainage. An annular intercepting ditch is set at the boundary of the landslide to eliminate the surface runoff outside the landslide; A dendritic drainage ditch is built at the boundary of the landslide, and the water is guided out of the outer drainage ditch wall of the landslide for seepage control. Underground drains, vertical drainage wells, holes, etc. It can be installed in landslide to drain the landslide or sliding surface and reduce the soil water content. This is the most widely used treatment method in our city at present, and it has been used in the treatment of hidden dangers of landslides in Qingyuan, Jingning, Longquan, Yunhe, Qingtian and Lishui, and achieved good results.
(3) support. Retaining wall, anti-slide pile, anchorage, etc. Should be set at the foot of the landslide. For smaller landslides, retaining walls should be adopted and drainage holes should be set on the retaining walls. For landslides with small volume, stable foundations such as wooden stakes, rails, steel pipes and reinforced concrete piles can be directly driven; For landslides with large thickness, concrete or reinforced concrete can be backfilled by drilling or grabbing casing wells. To enhance the stability of the landslide. Application of retaining method in highway landslide control in our city.
2. Folding control
Identification of collapse body: Identify possible collapse body mainly according to the landform and geological structure characteristics of slope body. Generally, the slope that may collapse has the following macroscopic characteristics:
(1) The slope is greater than 45 degrees, and the height difference is large, or the slope is an isolated mountain mouth or a concave steep slope;
(2) The cracks in the slope surface are developed, especially the steep cracks vertical and parallel to the extension direction of the slope surface or the cracks along the slope surface or the weak zone. The tensile cracks have developed in the upper part of the slope surface, and the cracks and cracks cutting the slope surface are about to penetrate, so that they are separated from the parent body (mountain);
(3) There is an open space in front of the slope, or there is a collapse, indicating that there has been a collapse and it may happen again in the future.
A slope with the above characteristics is a possible collapse. Especially when the tensile crack in the upper part continues to expand and widen, the speed suddenly increases, and a small-scale fall continues, it indicates that it is about to collapse and is in a state of explosive.
Main methods of collapse control:
(1) Interception: Interception structures, such as rockfall platforms, rockfall troughs, etc., can be set at the foot or half slope only in rainy season to stop rockfall accumulation in small-scale collapse areas; Build a stone retaining wall to stop falling rocks; Use discarded rails. Steel needles and wires are used to prepare railings or steel fiber fences to stop falling rocks.
(2) Support: under the rock protruding or unstable boulder, build pillars, support retaining walls or use waste railings.
(3) Retaining wall and slope protection: in the slope section which is easy to be weathered and peeled off, build retaining wall and carry out cement slope protection on the gentle slope. A general slope can be used.
(4) Slope cutting (slope brushing): Slope brushing is used to slow down the slope at dangerous rocks, isolated rock mouth and weathered and broken sections of the slope.
(5) Drainage: In areas with water, drainage structures are arranged for interception and diversion.
(6) Gully joint repair: For cracks, joints and cavities in the slope, flaky can be used to fill cavities, cement mortar crevices, etc. To prevent further development of cracks and joints.
3. Debris flow control
Identification of debris flow: Whether debris flow can be generated can be judged by analyzing the conditions of debris flow formation, and the watershed where debris flow occurs can be identified from the following phenomena:
(1) The gullies in the middle reaches are often asymmetrical and uneven, and the concave banks often collapse due to scouring, and the convex banks accumulate into short-extended stone dikes; Or the concave bank is washed away and piled up on the convex bank, which has obvious straightening phenomenon.
(2) The ditch is often blocked by a large number of loose solid substances, which form water droplets.
(3) Due to the repeated downward cutting and siltation of debris flows of different scales, multi-stage terraces often appear in the middle and lower reaches of the ditch, and ridge-like deposits often appear in a large range.
(4) The axis of the downstream accumulation fan is generally high, and the fan angle of the sediment with large consistency is small and hilly.
(5) The grooves on the stacking fan are not fixed, and stacked, tongue-shaped and island-shaped deposits are randomly distributed on the fan body.
(6) The piled stones are angular, directionless and have no obvious sorting level. The above phenomenon is not found in all debris flow areas, so we should make a comprehensive judgment in all aspects during the investigation.
Main methods of debris flow control:
(1) factory measures. Debris flow is sudden and difficult to control. However, its occurrence is closely related to the forest vegetation coverage rate, and it is not easy or impossible for debris flow to occur in places with large forest vegetation coverage rate; Where forest vegetation coverage is small, forest vegetation is seriously damaged, soil and water conservation capacity is poor, and mudslides are easy or possible. Therefore, in order to prevent debris flow, it is necessary to plant trees in a planned and step-by-step manner. According to the different roles played by different parts of debris flow basin in the formation of debris flow, the main purpose of surface runoff formation area is to conserve water, regulate runoff, slow down flow velocity and control hydrodynamic force; The main task of debris flow formation area is to stabilize gully bed and slope toe and prevent soil erosion on slope surface; The main task of the circulation area is to reduce the amount of water flowing into the channel, reduce the flow of debris flow and create conditions for debris flow to stop. According to the different requirements of each section, we can choose suitable forest vegetation, plant trees and grass on wasteland, plant soil and water conservation forest and special economic forest, develop afforestation structure with mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest as the main part and staggered coverage of forest, shrub and grass, intercept precipitation layer by layer, reduce surface erosion, prevent soil erosion and prevent mudslides.
(2) Farming measures. Prohibit deforestation and land reclamation, and prohibit farming along slopes; Returning farmland to forests on slopes above 25 degrees, changing economic forests into ladders, and building horizontal belts and drainage ditches; Carry out contour tillage, contour strip intercropping, furrow and ridge planting, ridge farming and grass-field rotation; Popularize soil conservation tillage measures such as less tillage, no tillage and mulching tillage; Fixed cultivated land and intensive cultivation have changed the bad tradition of extensive cultivation and thin harvest.
(3) Engineering measures
Protection work. In gully slopes, valley slopes and hillsides prone to collapse, landslide protection projects such as load reduction, drainage, anti-sliding and retaining soil are adopted, and gully-fixing projects such as valley workshops and silt dams are built in the gully to strengthen the gully bed, stabilize the gully slope, reduce gully erosion and control collapse and collapse. Important engineering facilities such as bridges, tunnels and subgrade in the area where the debris flow passes; Do some protective buildings to resist or eliminate the damage of debris flow to the other side, slope and main building, such as erosion, impact and side erosion. Protection works mainly include slope protection works, bank protection works, pier protection works and ditch fixing works.
Stop the project. Various types of retaining dams are built in debris flow ditches to control the solid matter in debris flow and rainwater runoff. Intercept debris flow gravel, weaken the flow and energy of debris flow, turn debris flow into general flood as much as possible, and reduce the harm of debris flow to downstream economic construction projects such as scouring, impact and siltation. Mainly in the form of grid dam, pile forest and sand dam.
Drainage works. In order to improve the debris flow potential, increase the flood discharge capacity of buildings such as bridges and avoid facilities such as railways, highways and channels. Let the debris flow smoothly flow from the upstream to the protected towns, buildings and roads in the downstream through the drainage facilities according to the design intention, without causing harm. There are mainly drainage channels and aqueducts.
4. Main measures to control ground fissures
According to the characteristics of cracks, the main measures to reduce the disaster of ground cracks:
(1) Backfill and tamp the existing cracks to improve the soil quality in the ground fissure area;
(2) Improve the foundation form of buildings in the ground fissure area and improve the crack resistance of buildings;
(3) Strengthening the existing buildings in the ground fissure area;
(4) Set up various monitoring points and pay close attention to the development direction of ground fissures;
(5) Take various administrative measures to limit the over-exploitation of groundwater;
(6) Strengthen the engineering geological investigation in the ground fissure area.
Fourth, it is suggested to implement prevention and control projects.
The prevention and control of geological disasters is a social, basic and comprehensive system engineering, involving a wide range and strong technology. Geological disasters not only destroy the natural ecological environment, but also cause losses to people's lives and property, and also restrict social and economic development. It is urgent to prevent geological disasters. At present, the focus of the prevention and control of geological disasters is to find out the base number, formulate the prevention and control plan of geological disasters, strengthen monitoring and forecasting, and focus on the prevention and control of key dangerous areas.
1. Geological hazard investigation and evaluation project in Lishui area
Geological disasters in this city are widely distributed, and the disaster situation is serious, which is difficult to control. It is necessary to improve the level of prevention and control of geological disasters.
First of all, deploy1:50,000 environmental geological survey and zoning work with geological disasters as the main content in this city, grasp the development and distribution law of geological disasters, delineate the prone areas of geological disasters, identify the geological disasters that are seriously harmful and other possible hazards, and the current stability of disaster bodies. On this basis, combined with the social, economic and population distribution, the prevention and control work plan of geological disasters in Lishui area is organized according to local conditions, and specific prevention and control schemes are put forward. The implementation time of the project is 2-5 years, and the estimated capital is about 5 million yuan.
Secondly, according to the investigation report, the areas that may be seriously threatened by geological disasters are designated as geological disaster risk areas, and construction and human activities are restricted in the risk areas, and key sections are investigated to evaluate and predict the risks of sudden geological disasters such as collapse, landslide and debris flow in important economic activity areas and important traffic trunk lines. The implementation time of the project is 3 to 5 years, and the estimated capital is 8 million to100000 yuan.
The third is to comprehensively manage the disaster points, and implement the prevention and control work to all relevant departments, units and individuals in accordance with the principle of "who benefits from natural geological disasters, who governs them, who causes them and who governs them".
2. The key geological disasters (hidden dangers) point project of this Municipality.
In view of the frequent occurrence of geological disasters in our region, party committees, governments and relevant departments at all levels attach great importance to it. The governments of Jingning, Qingyuan, Qingtian, Lishui and other counties (cities) squeezed out some funds to carry out geological disaster investigation in the hardest hit areas and took preliminary measures, which played a positive role in reducing the losses caused by geological disasters. According to the present situation and characteristics of geological disasters in this city, more than 30 key geological disasters (hidden dangers) prevention and control projects are planned in the near future, including the geological disasters (hidden dangers) prevention and control projects of Jinwen Railway, National Highway 330 and Provincial Highway 330. It is estimated that the construction capital will be 200 million yuan (the specific projects are omitted).