First, the concept of moderate drinking: "moderate drinking" refers to the amount of drinking that is beneficial, harmless or less harmful to people. According to the American Dietary Guidelines (2002), the so-called "moderate drinking" means that men drink no more than two standard drinking units and women drink no more than one standard drinking unit every day. The standard beverage unit here is equivalent to 12 ounces of beer or 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-degree distilled liquor. Roughly equivalent to12g of pure alcohol. According to the regulations of the Royal Society of Internal Medicine (1987), for women, the so-called moderate drinking should not exceed 168 grams of alcohol per week (24 grams per day on average) and12 grams of pure alcohol per week (0/6 grams per day on average). According to China's situation, the "suitable drinking amount" is equivalent to 60-degree liquor 3 yuan ~ 1 2 (15-50ml) or 39-degree liquor half ~1.5ml (25-75ml) or beer 350-650ml or wine1. About 8-24 grams of pure alcohol. Middle-aged and elderly people who drink alcoholic beverages containing 12g every day have the lowest mortality rate. Studies have shown that men drink more than 24-36g (all kinds of drinks containing 24-36g of alcohol) every day, while women drink more than 30g every day, and the mortality rate increases by 3. Therefore, the National Association on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) stipulates that men drink more than 168 grams per week (24 grams per day on average) or drink more than 48 grams in groups; Women drink more than 84 grams per week (average daily 12 grams), and those who drink more than 36 grams at parties are dangerous drinkers. The conversion formula of pure alcohol (ethanol) is gram 5= alcohol consumption (ml) x alcohol content (%)X0.8 (ethanol specific gravity). For example, drinking 50 ml of 60-degree white wine =50x 60%x 0.8=24 grams of pure alcohol.
? Second, the health care function of moderate drinking, the British scholar Zenason-Lick pointed out in the article "A small amount of regular drinking can prolong life" (Sunday Times on June 28, 2004+65438+1October 28): A large-scale investigation and study on the relationship between drinking and health found that drinking a small amount of wine, beer or whisky every day can prolong life and prevent health. Dutch scholars have found that the average daily intake of alcohol is equivalent to 43.5ml of wine and 10 1.5ml of white wine, which can reduce the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. The researchers found that drinking one or two glasses of wine a day for women and two or three glasses for men has a very obvious effect on keeping healthy. So much so that they suggest that middle-aged people can drink alcohol in moderation every day as a supplement to their daily diet. ? Professor Morten Grenback of the Danish Alcohol Research Center said, "The research results show that alcohol is good for your health if you take a cautious attitude. He conducted a follow-up survey of 57,000 Danes aged 55-65, and found that frequent and small drinking will greatly reduce the mortality rate. People who drink moderately every day live several years longer than alcoholics or teetotalers. The research team headed by Professor Eric Rim of Harvard Medical School found that moderate drinking every day can reduce the risk of heart disease by 40-60% and diabetes by 36%. Greenfield of St Vincent's Hospital in Australia found through research. Intake of 1.5g alcohol can increase the insulin level in meals and reduce the increase of postprandial blood sugar level. Drinking 30~60 minutes after meals can increase energy consumption, and moderate drinking can prevent type 2 diabetes. Researchers at the University of Texas found that older women who drink 1~2 glasses of wine a day have better memories than women who don't drink. Moderate drinkers have less depression, better self-feeling, stronger self-confidence and higher cognitive scores than abstainers. It has also been reported that moderate drinking among the elderly has a low incidence of osteoporosis and fractures. Studies have shown that there is a "U" or "J" curve relationship between drinking and blood pressure. Drinking 10~30 grams every day, blood pressure is at the lowest point of "U" or "J" curve. Moderate drinkers reduce the risk of ischemic stroke by 20-50%. Harvard University studied nearly 2000 men and found that alcoholics and alcoholics are prone to impotence, while moderate drinkers have the least sexual dysfunction. Doctors from the American National Cancer Institute in Japan surveyed 1900 non-smoking men and found that moderate drinkers have a strong anti-cancer effect, which is 50% lower than that of non-drinkers. It is also found that people who drink more than 40 grams a day also increase the possibility of cancer. In short, moderate drinking has the functions of eliminating fatigue, invigorating spirit, increasing intelligence, relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting blood circulation, eliminating dampness and keeping out cold, preventing diseases and prolonging life. ?
? Third, the harm of excessive drinking, wine is a "double-edged sword", moderate drinking is good for health, and excessive drinking is harmful to health and society. According to the report published by the US Centers for Disease Control on September 23rd, 2004, 75,000 people in the United States die every year due to excessive drinking. According to the report, alcohol has become the second leading cause of death in the United States after smoking, bad eating habits and diseases caused by sitting and working. According to the report, in 200 1 year, 34,833 people died of diseases such as liver cirrhosis and cancer caused by alcoholism, and 40,933 people died of traffic accidents or other accidents caused by alcoholism. The annual cost caused by drinking is estimated to be $654.38+$85 million. The prevalence of unhealthy drinking accounts for about 7-20% of outpatients, 30-40% of emergency patients and 50% of trauma patients. According to the data provided by the Russian State Statistical Committee, more than 37,000 people in Russia die of alcoholism every year. There is no accurate statistics on the number of people who die of alcoholism every year in China, and it is estimated that there are tens of thousands of people. The harm of excessive drinking is manifold. ?
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