3-4 years old is in early childhood, which is also the small class age of kindergarten. The main features of this period are:
1. Expand the scope of life
After he went to kindergarten at the age of 3, he entered a new social environment-kindergarten. The biggest impact of the new environment on young children is: contact with relatives from a small scale, expanding to a new environment with more teachers and companions.
The expansion of the scope of life has caused many psychological changes in children, which has made children's cognitive ability, living ability and interpersonal skills develop rapidly. .
2. Cognitive-dependent activities
Cognitive activities of 3-4-year-old children often depend on movements and movements. The cognitive characteristics of 3-and 4-year-old children are to do it before thinking, and not to do it if you want to. For example, a 3-year-old child is doodling with a pen, and he doesn't think about anything. Suddenly he saw a big circle in his pen, so he said "my apple".
3. Emotion plays a great role.
In early childhood, emotions have a great influence on children. They often cry for a little thing. You reason with him, but he won't listen. Distract him with toys or activities, and he will smile through tears.
Children's emotions in this period are easily influenced by the external environment. The child always cries when he first arrives at kindergarten. The more his mother stays, the more he cries. As soon as mom left, the teacher took the children to play games, and he became happy with them. However, if the worried mother appears again, the child will cry at once and won't let her go.
Children in this period are also easily infected by the people around them. Children who have just entered the park are prone to crying. If one child starts to cry, other children will also cry. Sometimes when they see others laughing, they will laugh inexplicably.
4. Like to imitate
Children aged 3-4 are highly imitative and dependent on adults. Imitation is their main way of learning, and they master and learn from others' experience mainly by imitating others.
Because children aged 3-4 love to imitate, it is very important to develop good behavior habits at this age. They are often formed and consolidated under the imitation of young children. Of course, many bad behavior habits will also be formed because of children's imitation. Therefore, it is of great significance to be cautious about children's imitation behavior.
2, 4-5 years old children's psychological development characteristics
1. lively
Lively and active is a child's nature. Children aged 4-5 are always in constant activity. They are obviously more active, talking and running than children aged 3-4. Children in early childhood are curious about everything, flexible in action and jumping in thinking, but weak in self-control.
2. The concrete image of thinking
The thinking of children aged 4-5 is very vivid and concrete. For example, ask children: which two of the three things should be put: bed, table and quilt? Most of the answers: the bed and quilt are together. Because the quilt is on the bed. This is based on their specific life experiences to answer. The concrete image of thinking is manifested in many aspects. From listening to stories to understanding things; From mastering the concept of numbers to solving problems, there are certain performances.
3. Abide by the rules at first.
4-5-year-old children have been able to abide by certain norms of behavior and rules of life in their daily lives, such as queuing when there are many people and not throwing things around. You can also learn some rules in the game.
The establishment of children's awareness of rules is conducive to the development of children's cooperative games and the improvement of their game level, as well as to the development of children's sociality.
5. Start organizing your own games.
Games are the main form of children's activities. About 4 years old is a period of vigorous development of children's games. Children in this period not only love to play, but also can play. They have been able to understand and abide by the rules of the game, organize the game by themselves and decide the theme of the game by themselves.
Third, the psychological development characteristics of children aged 5-6
1. Good at asking questions
The children are curious. After the age of 5, children are no longer satisfied with understanding the phenomenon, but want to know the reason. They like to ask all kinds of questions, so they must get to the bottom of it. Strong thirst for knowledge and learning to ask questions are very obvious characteristics of children in this period.
2. Abstract ability began to sprout.
The thinking of children aged 5-6 is still concrete, but the initial abstract logical thinking has also begun to sprout. Children have been able to classify things, sort their memories and make simple causal judgments about the occurrence of things. Children of this age can master some abstract concepts, such as difficulty, left and right, and the practical meaning of numbers.
3. Start to master cognitive methods
5-6-year-old children have developed methods to consciously control and regulate their psychological activities. In cognitive activities, whether it is observation, attention, memory, or thinking, imagination and so on. There are certain methods.
4. Personality begins to form
Children aged 5-6 have their own relatively stable attitude towards things. Their attitude of love and hate is clear. See the problem also began to have their own opinions, with a certain degree of independence. Emotional changes are much smaller than before, and thoughts and feelings are not so exposed. So sometimes it is not easy to guess what he thinks.
The personality of children aged 5-6 has begun to take shape. This forehead has a great influence on the formation of children's future personality. However, the child's character is still in the initial stage of formation, and its plasticity is still quite large. Environment and education have great influence on its development.