Size as you like, small turtles are difficult to raise, and big turtles should not get too close. I think so, too. It is best to buy it from April to September every year. If you want to buy two, don't buy one that is too different in size. Brazilian tortoises are fierce and can eat. It's best to buy a man and a woman. There may be turtles in the future. Observe the turtle's appearance carefully. The shell should be smooth and hard with beautiful patterns. There is no peeling skin and no acne wound. Nails are intact, limbs are free from injury, eyes are clear and free from injury, corners of the mouth are free from mucus, and nostrils are clean and circulated. Climb fast and straight, with strong limbs. Lively and grab food. Finally, put it in the water to see if its swimming style is beautiful. You must surface to breathe.
2. Distinguish between the male turtle and the female turtle: The male turtle has long nails, thick tail and vent holes far away from the body. On the other hand, it is a female turtle.
Of course, this can only be seen by females about the same size as males.
3. Turtle jar:
The more natural the better. You don't have to change it all the time to buy a vat, and the turtles can move with confidence. The cylinder wall is high to prevent it from climbing out. There is water and land. The water depth is four times the thickness of turtle shell. Sand and rain stones can be thrown at the bottom of the water, and several aquatic plants can be planted. Raise a few more small fish. Change the land. Buy a turtle tank, and there will be stairs and ground. If it is an ordinary fish tank, put a big stone. Put it where the sun can shine. This is the easiest way. If possible, you can buy an ultraviolet lamp, put it 30 cm away from the turtle box and irradiate it for 15-20 minutes every day. Buy a heating rod when it is cold and the temperature is low, and the temperature is 25 degrees.
If you are diligent, you'd better change the washing sand every day. If you are lazy, buy a filtering system. Even so, change it once a week. Changing water frequently is very important for turtles. Not too cold. Otherwise, they will get many diseases.
4. Food:
Turtles are omnivores, and young people love meat. Can feed small fish, shrimp, pig liver, red worms, cockroaches and so on. Turtles usually eat in the water. Turtles love vegetarianism when they are old. They will eat aquatic plants. You can feed some vegetables. Too lazy to fiddle with those messy things, just buy a box of turtle food and eat it slowly. High-quality turtle food is rich in calcium, protein, fiber, fat and vitamins. It's nutritious and certainly not very delicious. Turtles must think so, too. Feeding in moderation, the turtle's digestive system is not very good. The tortoise is too small to feed too big shrimp, etc. Chop it up. When they finished eating, they fished out the leftover food.
5, basking in the sun:
When it is warm, you can put it in the sun 15 minutes or so. Be careful not to be exposed to the sun! The sunshine is best at 90: 00 in the morning and at 3 or 4 in the afternoon. Regular exposure to the sun can supplement calcium and kill bacteria in the cracks of its shell.
6. Security:
If there are cats and dogs at home, we should add barbed wire to the turtle tank. Many turtles died at the hands of cats and dogs. The turtle tank is too high for them to climb out. Be careful not to step on the stone in the jar and you won't get out. Pay attention to give them a bath every day for a certain period of time. Prevent drought death. Be careful not to let them fall off when they climb high. Especially friends who keep turtles on the balcony, don't let the turtles climb out and fall downstairs! Very dangerous!
7. Hibernation: Hibernation is very important for turtles. When the temperature is lower than 12 degrees, they begin to hibernate. In the north, it will probably end at 10 and start in March next year. Newborn turtles had better not hibernate in the first year, and sickly turtles had better not hibernate.
1. Insist on clearing the stomach: start supplementing nutrition in September, and stick to it. Stop feeding about two weeks before hibernation, and soak in warm water for defecation in the last three or four days to empty the intestines. All the above are necessary, otherwise the food left in the intestine will ferment and cause their stomach wall and intestine to rupture and die.
② Hibernation box layout: Use a large plastic storage box covered with thick soil. They will come in by themselves. Leave it for a few days and spray some water on the soil to keep it moist. 10- 13 degrees is the best hibernation temperature. Don't put it in the open air, it will freeze to death below 8 degrees. It is best to put it in the corner of the balcony. Let the temperature drop slowly, and don't let them suddenly feel cold.
③ Observe their situation at any time. Don't forget them! When the weather is warm, take the turtle out and put it back in its original place. Don't feed them for three days. Start feeding on the fourth or fifth day. They must have lost weight. Give them more food and make up for it. Get well as soon as possible Turtles that hibernate smoothly can give birth to babies.
8. Don't sleep:
Young turtles, weak turtles and turtles bought during hibernation should not be allowed to hibernate. Because they don't do intestinal cleaning before hibernation. (1), water and horizontal temperature columns are necessary. About 25 degrees.
2. If the room temperature is around 25 degrees, it can be dried. But you need to take a hot bath every day. Give them something to eat in the bath.
It is best to eat fresh shredded pork or small fish and shrimp in winter. In order to maintain physical strength.
Second, disease.
1, white eye disease
1. Symptoms and causes: the eyes can't be opened, the cornea and its surroundings are eroded, and there is a white film. Caused by water pollution. I often wipe my eyes with my forelimbs, so I can't eat anything. In severe cases, eyes are blind, breathing is difficult, the body is emaciated, and death occurs.
② Medication: Take the soft-shelled turtle out of the water and put it in a cool place to make the membrane in its eyes flow out. You can feed it some animal liver. Use chloramphenicol or other anti-inflammatory eye drops 1-2 times a day, or use penicillin drugs 1-2 times, and feed 45,000 units per kilogram of turtle weight; Or dip a cotton swab or a new wool nib in the aqueous solution of 1% nitrofurazone or 1% Rafnuel, smear your eyes twice a day, and then put them in clean water. It can be cured in six days.
2. Rotting skin disease
(1) Symptoms and causes: the affected part is ulcerated, the epidermis is white, and the water quality is polluted by Monospora.
② Medical treatment: clean the wound and apply chlortetracycline eye ointment.
3. Calcium deficiency
① Symptoms and causes: The shell is soft and deformed.
2, medical care: sunbathing. Eat fish and shrimp.
4. Pneumonia
1. Symptoms and causes: mucus in the corners of the mouth and nose, lethargy in the tortoise, weakness in the front and rear legs, and panting in the nose and mouth. It is related to the temperature change.
② Drug treatment: isolate the feeding box and raise the temperature to about 30 degrees. Gentamycin is added into water according to the ratio of 1: 20. The most important thing is to give medicine. Crushing amoxicillin and vitamin 21 (a little), mixing with raw eggs (a little), gently holding the sides of the head with thumb and forefinger when the tortoise stretches its head, opening its mouth with a large needle tail, and dropping the mixture of medicine and eggs with a syringe. One or two drops each time, about ten drops each time, twice a day.
5. Nail rot
(1) Symptoms and causes: Crustaceans fester on the surface, forming caves or seeing muscles in severe cases, and people are hungry or eat less.
(2) Drug treatment: take out the single-bred sick turtle, then remove the rotten part of the sick turtle, scrub the affected part with hydrogen peroxide, and then apply it directly with potassium permanganate crystal powder or with other anti-inflammatory drugs. Notoginseng Radix or fresh Notoginseng Radix can also be applied to the affected area of diseased turtle. - Q# e6 H8 W' U' N+ ~/ A4 N
6, gastroenteritis
Symptoms: The sick turtle has dull eyes, is thin, does not like crawling, likes drinking water, has loose bowels.
② Prevention and control methods: improve water quality, keep water fresh, feed fresh feed and strictly disinfect utensils. After the sick turtle was soaked in 300,000 units of erythromycin solution for 60 minutes, a proper amount of oxytetracycline was added into the feed to feed the sick turtle. Mild turtles can take furazolidone, berberine, chloramphenicol and so on. Severe cases were treated by intramuscular injection and supplemented with vitamins.
7. Sepsis
① Symptoms and causes: weakness, weakness and red spots appear on the nails of limbs or abdomen.
② Drug treatment: Before treatment, the blood was tested by the veterinarian, and then antibiotics were injected.
8. Cold: ~
① Symptoms and causes: runny nose, unstable water temperature and catching cold.
② medication: heat and feed some amoxicillin.
9, lung choking water
(1) Symptoms and causes: swollen neck, weakness of limbs and inflexibility; The skin is light yellow, like blisters. If you choke for a long time, you can see the action of opening your mouth after fishing.
Medical treatment: immediately squeeze the limbs into the shell to squeeze out the water in the body, then pull the head and limbs for artificial respiration, and then put the turtle in a quiet and warm place. Reduce water quantity. When changing water, don't put the turtle in the tank and suddenly choke.