The frequency and time of regular health check-ups are generally: 1 year old, 4 times, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after birth, 1~3 years old, every six months 1 time; 37 years old, check every 1 year 1 time. If there is any problem, the number of examinations should be increased according to the doctor's requirements. Usually, within 3 months after the child is born, you should take the child to the local child health department for health examination and establish a health record for the child.
The contents of health examination usually include the following aspects: asking children about their life, diet, defecation, sleep, outdoor activities, diseases and other general conditions; Measure and evaluate weight, body length and head circumference; General physical examination; Necessary laboratory examination (such as hemoglobin examination) and special examination (such as intelligence examination); According to the examination results, parents should be given scientific parenting guidance and education, such as how to breastfeed, how to add complementary food and how to prevent diseases.
Through regular health check-ups, parents not only gain scientific knowledge of child care, but also improve their awareness of baby care. Parents can consciously cooperate with doctors, find abnormal conditions as early as possible, see a doctor in time, and make the baby get timely treatment, which is extremely important to promote the healthy growth of the baby's body and mind.
Observe health. Normal babies sleep quietly in the box, breathing evenly and without sound, and sometimes some interesting expressions appear on their small faces. Some babies sweat when they are just asleep or about to wake up. It can be said that it is normal for most babies to sweat at night.
However, if you are sweating profusely and are accompanied by other discomfort, you should pay attention to observation, strengthen nursing and go to the hospital for examination and treatment if necessary. For example, the baby is sweating and fidgeting after falling asleep, accompanied by signs such as square head, late teething and late fontanel closing. This is rickets. If you are irritable before going to bed at night, dry all over after falling asleep, your cheeks are red, your breath is short, and your pulse is fast (your baby's normal pulse is11min), which means you will have a fever soon. If you cry while sleeping, shake your head frequently, scratch your ears and sometimes have a fever, then you may have otitis externa, eczema or otitis media.
. If the limbs shake when sleeping, it is caused by excessive fatigue during the day, but it is normal to hear a loud noise when sleeping; On the contrary, if there is no response and you like to sleep on weekdays, be careful that you may be deaf.
If you snore loudly while sleeping and breathe with your mouth open, especially when sleeping on your back, your face looks dull and your nose is wide and flat, which may be caused by tonsil hypertrophy's influence on breathing. If you chew your teeth continuously after sleeping, it may be ascaris lumbricoides, or eating too much during the day, or indigestion. If you scratch your ass with your hands after sleeping, there are white-headed worms crawling around your anus, which is pinworm disease.
If the baby's fingers or toes twitch and swell after falling asleep, carefully check whether they are entangled by hair or other fibers. In short, we should observe the children more to see if there are any abnormalities. Resistance is the ability of human beings to resist the invasion of foreign substances (such as bacteria, diseases, molds and parasites), including physical condition.
There are three factors that affect children's resistance: age, nutrition and habits. Age is the most important factor affecting resistance. Children are prone to get sick because their immune system is immature. Newborns can only fight infection through maternal immunoglobulin imported from umbilical cord blood during fetal period. This kind of immunoglobulin is metabolized gradually after birth, and its content is insufficient by 4 months. Until 6 months, the baby's own immunoglobulin gradually rose, and after 6 years old, it caught up with the level of adults.
The purpose of diet is to make the body get all kinds of nutrition, and nutrition is closely related to health, and diet and nutrition are closely related to health. Whether you are healthy or not is not born or depends on luck, but can be achieved through the right diet. Children with anorexia and partial eclipse will lose their resistance. Studies have proved that infants with iron deficiency will have poor immune function.
Habits, including diet, exercise and hygiene habits, will affect the aforementioned immune and nutritional factors. Exercise can promote blood circulation and enhance cardiopulmonary function. Children in modern life spend too much time at home and have insufficient activities. They should take their children out for fresh air. Aerobic exercise can greatly improve the bactericidal ability of white blood cells.
To improve resistance, we should start from many aspects, and the specific methods are as follows.
(1) Breastfeeding. Breast milk is rich in immune substances, which can enhance children's resistance. It is generally believed that children who drink breast milk are less likely to get sick, because breast milk contains immune substance lgA antibody, which can prevent bacteria and viruses from invading the body. In addition, it also contains bifidus factors, lactoferrin, lysozyme, white blood cells and other substances to protect the body.
(2) vaccination. Vaccination is the most economical, safe and effective way to prevent infectious diseases, so all children who can be vaccinated should be vaccinated.
(3) A balanced diet. Nutritional balance is the foundation of health, and people of any age should pay attention to diet to maintain their lives and prevent diseases. A balanced diet refers to eating four kinds of food, including grains, meat, eggs and beans, vegetables, fruits and vegetables, calcium and other foods. Every day's food should include these four kinds of food, and pay attention to the appropriate weight. Vegetables, fruits and vegetables can supply fiber, vitamins A, C and minerals, enhance the body's resistance and prevent constipation.
(4) moderate exercise. Any action should be considered from the child's safety, and you must never do any exercise beyond the child's ability. Don't do gymnastics to make children uncomfortable. The best time is between meals. Too short a time is not good for fitness, and too long a time will make children too tired, so it is recommended to do it for about 20 minutes at a time.
(5) Wash your hands correctly. Infants and young children are in the exploratory period, so it is common to touch things with your hands and put them in your mouth. All infectious diseases invade through contact with the nose and mouth, so hand washing can eliminate germs at the first level, and hand washing is the most effective prevention method. Mental health of children. Childhood refers to the period of 1~3 years old, which is the time for weaning. Most mothers know how to feed cakes and porridge before weaning, and gradually transition to weaning by alternative methods. But some mothers are too hasty, weaning suddenly, forcing their children to change their diet, or putting pepper on their nipples. Doing so will cause children to cry from time to time, night terrors and refuse to eat, which will affect their physical and mental health development. Some parents ask their children to control their urine and urine prematurely, which violates the laws of physiological development, because only after patient training can children have the ability to control their urine and urine. Children have walked independently and have more and more contact with the surrounding environment. Coupled with the rapid development of language, he can not only understand the simple language of adults, but also use the language himself.