(1) This is the embroidery of several rural areas in Xiangxi, named "Tahu", not far from Jishou, the capital of Xiangxi Miao Autonomous Region.
(2) This pattern is commonly known as "paper cutting" or "window grilling" in northerners, but it is used to be called "tying flowers" or "filing paper" in Xiangxi. Some methods of making paper are twisted with small scissors, some are to nail the paper on the board first, and then carefully rub it with a small file (
) carved. Both methods have to go through another processing procedure, and many pinhole lines are carved on the paper with fine needles to remind the embroidery methods and key points. Applications are closely related to people's lives, so most of them are traditional models that people are familiar with. Reflect the love of young men and women, there are "Yuanyang playing lotus", "Feng Dan facing the sun" and "Fish and water are in pity". Reflecting the family's desire for happiness and production development, there are "magpies make plums", "suitable for men and many children", "rich crops" and "melons are full of troubles". Reflect the story and legend, there are "Hehe Erxian" and "Liu Hai Xi Chan (
)"。 Commonly used plants are lotus, peony, plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, day lily, lily and pomegranate, which symbolize high yield and peach symbolizes longevity. Animals are common magpies, phoenixes, butterflies, bees, cats, rabbits, etc., as well as lions' rolling balls and Kirin's sending children handed down from the Song and Ming Dynasties. Although the theme is usually the same, the content may vary widely. Fancy is healthy and lively, and most of them have human artistic characteristics. In North China, paper-cut window grilles are generally close to New Year pictures, and still retain the original intention of "man can conquer nature" in ancient times. If we take the characters in the novel as the theme, it is also related to the shadow play of Deng. Xiangxi decal was developed from "Watson" 40 years ago, and it is called "God has wealth". Every year, people's lintel stoves and pigsty huts are everywhere. In addition, it is also posted on ships, cargo ships and plows and hoes. Ordinary red paper, exquisite red bright gold paper, pink blue paper for mourners. This kind of "money-loving" imperial calendar, the "door god" of woodcut color printing, and the story paintings in the novel Journey to the Three Kingdoms have already formed a seasonal commodity. Every year, around 1 1 month, Baoqing paper customers will be trafficked from the large production unit in Yuanling, Changde. As for the paper flower, its function is similar to the chalk book of ancient murals, and the leather wrench used for printed cloth, just to complete some manuscripts of artistic design.
③ The most distinctive pattern is the apron as the chest part. According to local customs, whether you are working in production or going out as a guest, you often wear an apron on your clothes. Originally intended for the convenience of washing Zhuo (
), so as not to get the clothes dirty. But a young man with a natural interest in beautiful colors is always too simple. I want to kill two birds with one stone, so I usually add a small flower to my apron. Technically, treatment can be divided into two categories; Those who pick flowers are mostly in a certain part of the material, and usually can make geometric radial patterns without manuscripts. The pattern was either passed on from relatives and neighborhood women to each other, or a sample with chalk lines was temporarily popped up on the cloth to take home to create, taking advantage of the help of the flower seller in the rural market. You don't have to be strictly bound by the manuscript, but you can give full play to the imagination of young people in a certain part, and you are skilled, cautious, bold and strong, and naturally it is easy to win by surprise.
) new, produce all kinds of beautiful and healthy works. Especially with colors, or bright red and green, or simple and simple, each has its own temperament and hobbies, and each has its own strengths.
④ The pattern picking method is easy to display radial Fiona Fang pattern and continuous band pattern, which can be simple or complex, without time limitation. After dinner, you can poke a few needles anytime and anywhere. A good companion can also grab his hand and add some flowers to the empty place. Therefore, the works left behind are either interesting or extraordinarily beautiful. Monochrome embroidery is not afraid of washing. Even with monochrome embroidery, the pattern is beautiful. This kind of art is entirely created by the people. Staying in the rural areas of southwest provinces is richer than any other folk art and deserves the attention of artists and cultural relics workers.
⑤ Embroidery is also used for larger fabrics, such as skirts, fabrics, sheets and quilts. If the base pattern used is large broken flowers, when embroidery is used instead, some flowers are pieced together with inches of continuous Fang Gezi brocade. In terms of processing technology, it is particularly exquisite, and its originality is still developed from the Song-style "Na Jinxiu".
⑥ The "pattern" of Tahu Lake is mainly used for rural embroidery. Compared with embroidery, embroidery seems simple in form, but complicated in technology. There are certain rules for sketching, folding branches and supporting roles, and there are various procedures for thread breaking. The thickness of needles is different, and embroidery methods are also varied. It is not enough to have a good manuscript, you must pass a good shot. But according to the beautiful habits of the countryside, it is more in line with the requirements of most people for art than the pattern of picking flowers. At the same time, the latent desire for artistic expression and perseverance to overcome difficulties in rural young women's emotions are very strong, so they are always afraid of trouble and continue to create from generation to generation. The "pattern" of Tahu Lake has been popular for decades, because the bottom sample is particularly exquisite and can meet the needs of rural areas. In addition, in rural areas, there are also non-professional proofing skilled people. Usually respected, gradually turned into a career. They have been carrying a bamboo box for many years and running around in the countryside to make a living.
⑦ The achievement of this folk art is the result of the work of flower arranging people, floating village silversmiths and embroidery women. A healthy and beautiful image and gorgeous and harmonious colors will certainly inspire friends who are good at learning and designing national song and dance costumes.
1. Please write the correct Chinese characters according to pinyin.
2. Understand the explanation method and function of this sentence, "If the characters in the novel are taken as the theme, they are also associated with the shadow play of the lamp".
3. What does the word "worry" mean in "rural young women have a strong emotional desire for artistic expression and perseverance to overcome difficulties, so they are always brave in difficulties and continue to create from generation to generation"?
4. What is the purpose of "Tahu paper-cutting"?
Answer:
1. stamp
toad
wash
hand over
for instance
It accurately shows that the content of paper-cut in North China has the artistic characteristics of the people.
3. The process is complex, there are rules and procedures, the stitches are different in size, and the embroidery methods are varied, which requires good stitches.
4. Tahu paper-cut is an art mainly used to make embroidery patterns.