What is the pharmaceutical supply chain? Any industry has a complete supply chain, and the pharmaceutical industry is no exception. At present, the pharmaceutical industry has formed a relatively complete ecological chain system by using big data on the Internet as a technical means to realize the circulation needs of hospitals, doctors and patients in medicine. Here is a detailed introduction to the pharmaceutical supply chain.
What is the pharmaceutical supply chain? 1 The essence of pharmaceutical supply chain is the flow of pharmaceutical products or related services from suppliers to consumers. Its purpose is to improve the performance of pharmaceutical and medical service providers and reduce the cost of pharmaceutical supply chain. The main node members of the pharmaceutical supply chain include new drug research and development departments, raw material suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and medical service providers (hospitals and clinics). ) and the final consumer.
On the one hand, due to the variety of drug specifications, varieties and batches, different drugs have different requirements for production, circulation, storage and sales. On the other hand, there are many participants in the pharmaceutical supply chain, including new drug R&D departments, raw material suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, hospitals and other medical service providers, as well as the government, insurance institutions, drug procurement organizations (GPO) and so on. The interaction and influence between different subjects increase the supply of drugs.
First, five prospects for the future development of pharmaceutical logistics:
1. Ecology * * * Enjoy platformization. In the future, the pharmaceutical supply chain should combine information platform, commercial banks, enterprise departments, drug supervision and management departments, consumers and other elements to build an efficient ecosystem.
2. The organizational structure is gridded. Pharmaceutical supply chain enterprises should change from a single linear structure to a dynamic network topology.
3. Professional service level. With the implementation of the multi-disciplinary diagnosis and treatment system, the hospital's functional orientation is more accurate and the requirements for specialized medical logistics services are more reliable.
4. Standardization of medical logistics. Promoting the standardization of medical logistics is closely related to improving logistics service quality, operating efficiency and reducing logistics cost.
5. Intelligence of information technology. With the deep integration of pharmaceutical supply chain and Internet, enterprise boundaries have been broken, and information technology has forced the industrial chain to strengthen supply chain coordination.
2. What are the main methods of supply chain management?
The first method of supply chain management: effective cost reduction management method. For supply, cost is a problem, which can effectively reduce costs. It is of great significance for supply chain management, especially for some supply chain management that needs inventory, which should be able to effectively reduce costs.
The second method of supply chain management: meeting market demand quickly. No matter what kind of industry or field, supply chain management is essential. As managers, we should have the ability to meet the market demand quickly, such as the supermarket system. Once we find that the customer's demand for a certain product is particularly large and urgent, we can meet the customer quickly in terms of supply.
The third method of supply chain management: make full use of the role of labor force. Labor force is * * direct and often * * effective, so is supply chain management. It is a management method to make full use of the labor force without wasting it.
What is the drug supply chain? 2. There are still some insurmountable problems in the extension of drug supply chain.
Medical SPD supply chain management refers to a supply chain management service that integrates the supply, storage, processing and distribution of medical materials in hospitals. It replaces the traditional material management mode in hospitals, improves the management efficiency of medical materials in hospitals, improves the modernization level of hospital operations and reduces the management cost of medical materials.
Now, this kind of supply chain extension service is characterized as custody and suspension.
Guangdong is one of the pioneers in exploring pharmaceutical reform. As early as 20 16 and 20 17, there were 223 medical institutions (Guangdong Provincial Health and Health Commission conducted survey data at the end of 20 18), and they mainly signed agreements with 1-4 medical enterprises for cooperation, with the cooperation period ranging from 5 to 8 years. Pharmaceutical enterprises that provide cooperation mainly include Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Holdings, China Resources Pharmaceutical, Kangmei Pharmaceutical, General Pharmaceutical and Shanghai Pharmaceutical (all including subsidiaries in their cities).
However, a few days ago, according to the Health News, the Guangdong Provincial Health and Health Commission had previously issued a series of self-inspection documents for drug supply services in public medical institutions. Guangzhou clearly classified the extended service of drug supply chain as pharmacy custody and explicitly stopped it.
Medical machine exchange inquired about the Letter on Reply to Proposal No.20190671of the Second Session of the 12th CPPCC National Committee issued by Guangdong Provincial Health and Health Commission in official website on June 25th. The article said that "there are still some insurmountable problems in the extension of pharmaceutical supply chain", and this news is probably due to qualitative custody and suspension.
In recent years, with the formal change of "pharmacy trusteeship", many listed pharmaceutical companies have taken a different approach, such as Sinopharm, Shanghai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Baiyunshan, and made the extension of supply chain services of drugs and devices as the key project of cooperation with hospitals.
SPD service has no distinction between good and evil. The reason why it was suddenly stopped by the competent authorities undoubtedly hurt one side of the whole chain, "and the situation has become more serious."
In the past, it was generally believed in the industry that this model did not pay custody fees, but simply provided services for hospitals in exchange for the market, which was in line with the direction of medical reform. However, in recent years, it has fallen into a situation of "crooked mouth and monks reading crooked classics". An article written by the health department said that after the logistics and distribution enterprises finished the distribution price war (generally, the winning bidders were big distribution groups), some people promised to take out higher benefits, rebuild a new interest chain with hospitals and cooperate for a longer period of time (generally, winning the bid for 5-8 years), and this part of the profit pressure fell on pharmaceutical companies and machinery enterprises, causing dissatisfaction and being stopped.
Undeniably, at present, public hospitals generally attach importance to or strengthen clinical business management, neglect or weaken hospital operation management, with poor coordination among departments and high overall operating costs; Without adequate financial compensation from the government, it will become more and more difficult for hospitals to cancel the drug addition and reduce the income of medical products such as consumables.
As a logistics platform, if Pufa can solve the "last mile" of distribution to users in hospitals, it will undoubtedly reduce the burden on hospitals and reduce distribution costs. The old saying "Once monopolized, it will be arbitrary charges" has really come true. After all, at present, the winning bidder under the logistics mode of SPD hospital is often controlled among a few large pharmaceutical circulation enterprises.
At the beginning, you wanted SPD, and SPD was SPD. Now you want to separate hospitals from enterprises. Can you really divide it?
The release of this notice is really a pot of cold water in summer for Guangyao, Sinopharm and Shangyao, which won the bid before. This time, the SPD service in Guangzhou was stopped. Will the cooperation between logistics enterprises and hospitals really be cut off soon?
Not very realistic. After all, before a price war, pharmaceutical circulation enterprises also invested real money to buy equipment and software. Now that the 5-8-year contract has stopped, the enterprise is also miserable. On the hospital side, the distribution of drugs and consumables opened the skylight and had to be re-invested in manpower, which could not be solved. This SPD stop loss, on the surface, is really a lose-lose situation. But "stopping is often for a better start."
At present, SPD services in other provinces and cities are still in full swing except Guangzhou. Guangzhou defines it as trusteeship, and stopping it may be a temporary rectification. Once the requirements and standards are met, it is a good thing to draw a clear line with custody and resume business.
What is the drug supply chain? 3. The structure of drug supply chain.
Whether it is the traditional medicine supply chain, the medicine supply chain or the medicine digital supply chain under the medical reform such as the two-vote system, there are many supply chain nodes that participate in a series of processes from the production of medicines to the final use of consumers:
Supervision departments of pharmaceutical industry, suppliers of pharmaceutical raw and auxiliary materials, pharmaceutical manufacturers, pharmaceutical bidding intermediaries, pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises, pharmaceutical distributors, hospitals, pharmaceutical retail enterprises, partners (such as third-party logistics enterprises, banks and other organizations) and end customers (patients).
In the pharmaceutical supply chain, it can be divided into supply logistics and sales logistics according to the order and nature of occurrence.
Supply logistics refers to the transportation, storage, loading and unloading, information processing and other logistics activities between pharmaceutical production enterprises. It is characterized by fixed transportation lines, large batch (if road transportation is adopted, the whole vehicle is the main one) and stable frequency.
Sales logistics refers to the process of delivering finished drugs from the finished product warehouse of pharmaceutical enterprises to consumers, including trunk transportation and regional distribution, from pharmaceutical enterprises to retail terminals. There are too many participants in the drug supply chain, and people pay more attention to the supply chain at the sales end. The typical structure is as follows.
Typical structure of drug supply chain
It can be said that the drug supply chain is a complex dynamic network with the * * * nature of the general supply chain network level. There are many suppliers and downstream customers in the middle link of drug supply chain.
Medical supply medical supply chain node
Structure composition of subject and role positioning chain
Pharmaceutical production enterprises
Drug manufacturers are at the source of the drug supply chain defined in this paper, and their downstream customers include drug wholesale enterprises and drug retail enterprises at all levels.
Its main functions in the supply chain are:
First, develop and produce qualified drugs that consumers need and put them on the drug market for consumers to choose and use;
The second is to provide real-time product information and inventory information to downstream customers, optimize costs and improve supply chain quality.
Drug wholesale enterprises
Drug wholesale enterprises are the intermediate link of drug supply chain, which is not only the gathering place of drugs, but also the scattered place of drugs. On the one hand, it has close contact with upstream pharmaceutical manufacturers and obtains business objects from them; On the other hand, it is in close contact with downstream medical terminal sales places (hospitals, pharmaceutical retail enterprises) to provide products for disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and health care.
Its main functions in the supply chain are:
First, it is responsible for the supply, distribution and allocation of drugs, and provides drugs needed by patients to hospitals and drug retail enterprises;
Second, it plays the role of providing key logistics, transportation, inventory management and information services for the drug supply chain, and is the key link to ensure the smooth flow of logistics and information in the drug supply chain and improve the operation efficiency of the whole supply chain.