Sweet, flat and non-toxic.
The root tuber contains choline, mucus, allantoin, starch, amino acids and so on.
Functions: nourishing and strengthening, helping digestion, astringing sweat and stopping diarrhea, treating thirst, nocturia, frequent micturition, leukorrhagia, etc.
[diarrhea due to spleen deficiency (including chronic enteritis, dyspepsia and malabsorption]
Half a catty of Chinese yam, lotus seeds 120g, fluorescein 120g, and * * * ground into fine powder. Mix 2~3 spoonfuls each time, add appropriate amount of sugar, steam it and eat it as a snack, l~2 times a day, and take it continuously, which is effective.
[Ginseng, Yam and Euryale ferox Decoction-indications-nocturnal emission]
Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Semen Euryales, Radix Ophiopogonis each 65438±05g, Radix Ginseng 65438±00g, and Fructus Schisandrae, 3g, decocted in water to obtain juice, one dose per day, and taken twice. Nourishing qi and heart, strengthening spleen and arresting astringency. Suitable for nocturnal emission
[Diabetes, thirst, polyuria, hunger]
Dioscorea opposita 15g, Coptidis Rhizoma 6g, decocted in water. Or yam and trichosanthes root, 30g per day, decocted in water and taken separately.
[Frostbite, erysipelas, carbuncle at the beginning]
Mash fresh yam and apply it to the affected area. Change it when it's dry, and it's gone after a few times. (Or add a few castor seeds and mash them together for external application.
[Cough with excessive phlegm (including chronic bronchitis and chronic bronchitis in the elderly)]
Mash fresh yam, mix with half a cup of sugarcane juice, and stew while it is hot, z times a day.
【 Agglomeration, swelling and hard pain (including lymphadenitis, carbuncle on the neck, etc.). )]
Mash and grind a section of fresh yam (peeled) and 2-3 castor beans (shelled) and stick them on the affected area, and change them twice a day.
【 wet dream due to kidney deficiency, constipation due to spleen deficiency, yang deficiency in the elderly, frequent urination 】
Reiyoshi (pearl tooth on yam vine) 30 ~ 60g, cooked and peeled, with a little sugar, is better than yam.
[Lung disease, fever, cough and asthma, spontaneous sweating, palpitation, loose stool]
Yam 60- 120g, boiled and drunk, or cooked properly every day.
English famous yam
Alias yam, yam, yam, yam, yam and white yam.
source
This product is the dried rhizome of Chinese yam. After the stems and leaves wither in winter, dig, cut off roots, wash, peel and remove fibrous roots, and smoke with sulfur; There is also a choice of fat and straight dried yam, which is put in clear water until it is not dry and stuffy. Smoked with sulfur, cut at both ends, rubbed into a tube with wooden boards, dried and polished, commonly known as "glory".
Note: Dioscorea belongs to the genus Dioscorea, which is wild all over China. Its root is also used as yam, and its effect is similar.
prepare
Yam: remove impurities, divide into large and small pieces, soak thoroughly, cut into thick pieces and dry.
Stir-fried yam with bran: take clean yam slices and stir-fry them to yellow according to the bran frying method (Appendix II D).
Features This product is slightly cylindrical, curved, slightly flat, with a length of 15 ~ 30cm and a diameter of 1.5 ~ 6cm ... The surface is yellowish white or light yellow, with longitudinal grooves, longitudinal wrinkles and fibrous root marks, and occasionally light brown skin remains. Heavy weight, solid quality, not easy to break, white cross section, pink. Tasteless, light and slightly sour, sticky to chew. Guangshan medicine is cylindrical, with both ends flush, 9 ~18cm long and1.5 ~ 3cm in diameter. The surface is smooth, white or yellowish white.
This product is identified as white powder. Starch granules are oblate, quasi-circular, triangular oval or oblong, with a diameter of 8 ~ 35 microns, umbilical point-shaped, herringbone-shaped, cross-shaped or short-slit-shaped, showing stratification; There are few composite particles, which are composed of 2 ~ 3 parts. There are needle-like crystal bundles of calcium oxalate in mucus cells, which are about 240μm long and 2 ~ 5 μ m thick. The diameters of edge holes, meshes, threads and annular conduits are12 ~ 48 μ m.
Sweet and flat in nature. Enter spleen, lung and kidney meridians.
Indications: invigorating spleen and stomach, promoting fluid production and benefiting lung, tonifying kidney and astringing essence. It can be used for anorexia due to spleen deficiency, chronic diarrhea with lung deficiency, asthma and cough, nocturnal emission due to kidney deficiency, frequent micturition, deficiency heat and thirst quenching. Fried yam with bran tonifies the spleen and stomach. For spleen deficiency, anorexia, diarrhea, loose stool, and leukorrhagia.
Usage and dosage: 15 ~ 30g.
Store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent insects from eating.
Excerpt from China Pharmacopoeia
Chinese yam
(1) Overview
Alias wild yam, yam, yam.
This is yam .. Dioscorea plants, tubers are used as medicine. Indications: Chronic enteritis caused by diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, cough due to lung deficiency, diabetes, frequent urination, leucorrhea and dyspepsia. Yam has a broad development prospect in food industry and processing industry. Originated in Asia, it has been cultivated in China since ancient times, both in the north and south, and distributed in the wild. It is mainly produced in Henan, Shanxi, Shandong, Shaanxi and other places.
(2) Plant characteristics
Yam is a herbaceous vine of Dioscorea, and its rhizome is rod-shaped, with a length of 33 ~ 66 cm and the longest exceeding 100cm. The root branches are few, the white root has many fibrous roots, which are sticky, and the cross-sectional stem is slender and can reach more than ten feet. The leaves are opposite, with various shapes, often heart-shaped or scissor-palm-shaped, with 6-9 veins and buds between leaves (called Laiji, also called yam bean and Yam Egg) for breeding materials and eating. Small white solitary flower, capsule.
(3) Growth characteristics
Yam requires fertile, well-drained sandy soil, and likes warm and sunny places, but it is afraid of frost and avoids continuous cropping.
(4) Cultivation techniques
1. Land selection and preparation
Choose loose and fertile sandy loam with good drainage and clay without stagnant water, which is loose and dense, with good quality, but low yield and leeward. Then it is appropriate to cultivate in winter, turning about 66 cm, applying 5000 kg of base fertilizer, turning 50 ~ 60 cm deep and turning to 15 ~ 20cm shallow in spring. Before sowing, water the bottom and prepare the soil for the border. Ridge cultivation is mostly used, and the ridge width is 120 cm. The ditch between two ridges is used for drainage and irrigation.
2. Breeding method
Breeding mainly depends on reed heads and beads.
Lutou is the upper part of the rhizome of yam when it is harvested, and it is the only propagation material in the field production of yam. It is easy to degrade after years of continuous use, and it is generally updated once every 2 ~ 3 years.
(1) reed head propagation
Digging roots in June 5438+ 10, selecting yam reed head with short neck, full bud head and no diseases and insect pests, folding it into 16 ~ 20cm long, drying it for 2 ~ 3 days, and digging it indoors or outdoors. The depth of the pit and the thickness of the cover should be equal to prevent the reed from freezing. The temperature is about 5℃. After thawing, apply sufficient base fertilizer, turn it over 26-33 cm till it is flat, and make it into a flat border or high ridge with row spacing of 33-50 cm, plant spacing of 16-20cm and ditch depth of 16cm, apply decomposed manure and cover the soil, slightly suppress it, and water it after planting. Before emergence, use a rake to break the surface hardening and keep the edge moist, and the seedlings will emerge in about 15 ~ 20 days.
(2) Pearl bud propagation
In June+10, 5438, shoots were picked (yam bean) and stored outdoors with dry sand. Take it out in the middle and late March in spring and sow it in the sun. Row spacing is 20 ~ 26 cm, plant spacing 10 cm, ditch depth is 6 cm, 2 ~ 3 yam bean seeds are planted, and the soil is 6 cm. Emerge after half a month, dig out and plant in autumn.
3. Tian Tuan management
The seedlings are 33 cm high, and scaffolding is set up to let the vines grow upwards. From May to August, topdressing is carried out in stages, mainly with thin manure and manure, combined with watering, and attention should be paid to timely watering and drainage during the growth period.
4. Pest control
(1) anthrax
The rainy season is serious, which harms the stems and leaves. Brown micro-pits, irregular ring patterns and small black spots are produced on the stems and leaves.
Prevention and control methods: after harvesting, clean up the site and burn the fallen leaves. When planting, soak the roots with 1: 1: 15o wave water for 10 minute, and generate or spray 500 times of 65% zineb or 800- 100 times of 50% bactericide for 7 days.
(2) Brown spot disease
When there is water in rainy season, it mainly harms the leaves. Make the leaves have irregular brown-black spots and the back leaves are perforated.
Prevention and control methods: crop rotation and field cleaning. Spray 65% zineb 500 times solution or 50% sodium nitrate 200 times solution for 7 days/kloc-0 times, and continue to play for 2 ~ 3 times.
(5) harvesting and processing
The reed head is harvested in the same year after planting and the beads are harvested in the second year. In June 165438+ 10, after the leaves turn yellow, pearl buds are collected, and the pearl buds are about 1500 kg per hectare. Dismantle the bracket, remove the above-ground part, dig one ditch at a time, remove the reed head and plant it. Don't break the yam, it will affect the quality. Soak the lower root tuber in a jar for 1 ~ 2 days, wash it, clean the outer skin with a bamboo knife while it is fresh, put it in a basket and smoke it with sulfur for 24 hours, and use 0.8 ~ 1 kg of sulfur for every 100 kg of fresh yam until the yam becomes soft and there are many water drops on the surface. Take it out and dry it or bake it until the skin is dry, then put it in the basket and dry it again until it is stuffy. In addition, the simple processing method is to wash the soil, cut off the rough outside with a bamboo knife when it is fresh, and slice it to dry. Packed in wooden cases or baskets. Now it is required to seal the periphery of the packing box with oil paper or plastic film to prevent moisture, mildew and insects.
Processing method of bare yam: bare yam is the required specification for export, and the processed dry yam is still soaked in water for 1 ~ 2 days according to the method of processing raw yam, then taken out and dried for a while, smoked with sulfur and dried until frost appears, then rubbed with a board, then dried for 2 hours and then put into a basket, with the moisture regain of 1 ~ 2 days, so as to make the internal and external humidity consistent. Then according to the length and thickness, cut into 18-2 1 cm or 12- 15 cm sections, remove uneven pimples with a knife, rub them round and smooth them, put them on the table for ten days, and hold their heads together, which is the bright yam (yam stick).