Mental health education in colleges and universities in China is urgent. We should continue to study the psychological characteri
Mental health education in colleges and universities in China is urgent. We should continue to study the psychological characteristics and laws of college students, and at the same time pay attention to the new psychological characteristics of post-90 s college students, the mental health problems of poor students and the employment psychological problems of graduates. The following is what I recommend to you, I hope you like it!
The first chapter "Reflections on the psychological characteristics of college students and the construction of mental health education system"
Mental health education in colleges and universities in China is urgent. We should continue to study the psychological characteristics and laws of college students, grasp the key points, pay attention to the new psychological characteristics of post-90 s college students, the mental health problems of poor students, the employment psychological problems of graduates and other key areas, and build a humanistic, scientific and rigorous all-round mental health education system.
Keywords: psychological counseling, mental health of college students
Classification number of China Library: G444 Document ID: CDOI:10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-8181.205438+03.13.036.
1 preface
In recent years, many studies on college students' mental health have clearly pointed out that the detection rate of college students' psychological problems often exceeds 20%, which is higher than other groups. At the same time, the strength of mental health education in colleges and universities in China is relatively weak and the system is not perfect. This fully demonstrates the importance, necessity and urgency of mental health education in colleges and universities [1]. Since the 1990s, the Ministry of Education has attached importance to the mental health education of college students, and has successively issued a number of documents related to moral education and quality education, gradually clarifying the important position, function and urgency of mental health education in colleges and universities. According to the Implementation Outline of College Students' Mental Health Education issued by the Ministry of Education in April 2002, college students' mental health education needs to enhance their health awareness and self-adjustment and adaptability through classroom teaching, consultation and counseling on the basis of understanding and mastering their psychological characteristics and laws. Specific aspects that need attention include: self-management, coping with pressure and frustration, interpersonal communication, job hunting and employment, and personality development [2].
2. Ways to do a good job in mental health education in colleges and universities
2. 1 Strengthen the theoretical study of college students' psychological characteristics.
College students are in the most vigorous and contradictory stage of their lives: on the one hand, their physical and mental development is basically mature but full of flexibility. College students are constantly exposed to new theories and ideas, as well as different customs, cultures and trends around the world, and their outlook on life and values are constantly changing and developing. On the other hand, due to the shallow social experience, when facing problems, they can't be mature and calm, and they are easy to be in an anxious state. Moreover, the increasing social competition, the explosive presentation of all kinds of information, the diversification of value orientation, the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the increasingly complex interpersonal relationship and other changes brought about by social development may become the stressors of college students. Research shows that there are many stressors that college students need to cope with, which can be summarized as study pressure, interpersonal pressure, economic pressure, employment pressure and traumatic events. These stressors may cause psychological problems of college students, including environmental maladjustment, self-cognition disorder, interpersonal communication disorder, emotional out of control and so on. , and may seriously cause depression, severe insomnia, mania and so on [3][4].
2.2 Pay attention to special groups and fields
2.2. 1 Grasp the new characteristics of post-90s college students in the new era.
Almost all college campuses today are post-90s. Post-90s college students are a generation full of vitality and personality. To do a good job in mental health education in colleges and universities, we need to keep pace with the times and understand the psychological characteristics of post-90 s college students: in behavior, post-90 s college students grow up in favor and encounter fewer setbacks, so they show false maturity, pursue independence, have strong dependence, like to try new things but have weak ability to resist pressure and setbacks. Emotionally, their emotions are loud and clear, but their hearts are actually eager to understand and pay attention. Ideologically, they grew up in the environment of information explosion, and they can receive all kinds of information conveniently and quickly through various channels, and get in touch with scientific knowledge and the world, so they became socialized earlier. In cognition, they have a strong view of good and evil, and dare to express their views on the good and evil, right and wrong, beauty and ugliness of things, but they are easy to be arbitrary and difficult to last [5]. In view of this, we should pay attention to mental health education: adhere to the people-oriented educational concept and create an educational environment with humanistic care based on students' internal and actual needs. In the process of education, pay attention to the logical relationship between questions and opinions and the derivation process, so that on the one hand, they can really understand the whole thinking process, and at the same time, they can be taught how to think.
2.2.2 Pay close attention to the mental health problems of poor students.
The psychological problems of poor college students are an area worthy of special attention. Research shows that the mental health status of poor college students is obviously worse than that of ordinary college students. They are more likely to experience the feelings of fear, tension, anxiety and nervousness, are more depressed emotionally, and lack emotional attachment and confide. Compared with ordinary college students, poor college students evaluate stress events more seriously, which means that poor college students are more sensitive and vulnerable to stress events. Poor students get less social support than ordinary college students, on the one hand, because they have relatively little interpersonal communication, on the other hand, because they can't accept the help of others subjectively like ordinary college students [6]. This is because poor college students often bear greater expectations than other college students, which means they have to bear greater pressure. First of all, they are born in poverty, and the expectation and responsibility of family economic improvement often fall on them. Family members spend almost everything for them to study, expecting them to study hard and find a good job after graduation. So they are stronger and more fragile than others: strong because they will take responsibility earlier, study hard and pay for their families; Vulnerable because they often can't stand failure. If they can't find a job after exhausting most of their property, they will face despair on the verge of collapse. Secondly, after entering the university, they will directly face the performance of the social gap between the rich and the poor among college students. Such a big impact is particularly easy to arouse all kinds of bad emotions in their immature bodies. If this psychological contrast cannot be adjusted in time, these poor college students will either have anti-social behavior and cause harm to teachers and students; Or cause psychological problems such as interpersonal communication barriers, depression, and serious inferiority [7].
2.2.3 Pay attention to the employment psychology of graduates.
The employment mentality of contemporary college students shows the following characteristics: they hope to win with strength in the competition, but they lack enough self-confidence. College graduates need to face the market directly and be selected by the market at the same time, which means fierce competition. The lack of social experience makes it difficult for graduates to adapt: either they are not confident enough to be afraid of failure, or they are embarrassed to compete with their classmates and friends, or they are worried about unfair competition, or they are under great pressure to repay their parents' feelings, or they are full of ideals but find the reality cruel and unacceptable. In short, various factors make graduates often in anxiety, in this case, the school's care and guidance are urgently needed [8].
2.3 Establish a comprehensive mental health education system
2.3. 1 Continue to build and improve mental health education courses.
The course of mental health education is an important way to realize mental health education. The goal of mental health education is to improve the psychological quality of all students, fully develop their potential, cultivate their optimistic psychological quality and promote the sound development of their personality. Carrying out mental health education courses can achieve the following functions: first, group intervention for students with mild mental disorders to alleviate or eliminate their mental disorders. Second, prevent psychological problems, maintain mental health and maintain a good mental state. Third, improve students' mental health and give full play to their potential.
2.3.2 Establishment of social support system
Social support embodies the social attribute of personal communication with others. The research shows that social support has a buffering effect on stress, which is related to the physical and mental health of individuals under stress conditions and can buffer anxiety, depression and other emotions caused by stress events. The main sources of material and spiritual support for college students in emergencies are parents and other family members, friends and classmates. It can be seen that establishing a sound social support system is extremely important for mental health education in colleges and universities [9].
1 peer counseling
Research shows that psychological encouragement, persuasion and support among peers will be more effective than that among non-peers, and peer counselors have a strong role model. Peer counselors not only maintain and promote the mental health of clients, but also exercise themselves, which is helpful to create a harmonious and friendly campus atmosphere. College students are in a critical period of intense curiosity, longing for independence and expecting success. They often like freedom and independence while rejecting authority, and they like to talk with their peers. The similarity of thinking patterns enables them to better understand each other and truly feel the same way. Peer counselors can provide different levels of psychological counseling to help seekers in their study, life, emotions and interpersonal relationships, so peer counseling is easier to realize their psychological expectations. In addition to peer psychological counseling, we can also carry out peer academic counseling and organize students to have group counseling, so that students can find support as soon as possible when they encounter difficulties in their studies, and avoid anxiety and loss caused by temporarily failing to keep up with their studies, thus eliminating academic psychological problems.
2.3.2.2's constantly improving psychological counseling service department.
At present, psychological counseling service institutions are generally established in colleges and universities, and full-time mental health teachers are responsible for solving problems for students in need. We should further build a high-level faculty of mental health education in colleges and universities, and improve the quality of mental health education and psychological counseling services. At the same time, customize a perfect professional psychological counseling mechanism and strictly abide by it. Including the confidentiality mechanism * * * The contents consulted by students in the consultation center are confidential, and relevant contents are not allowed to be passed on to others without the permission of the students. Even if the parents of students, referral mechanism * * * students or faculty members have serious personal psychological problems, which are beyond the scope of the school or require long-term treatment, they should be referred to relevant professional medical institutions * * * [10].
3 abstract
Mental health education in colleges and universities in China is constantly being built and improved, and efforts should be made in the following directions: paying attention to students' internal needs, changing remedial treatment into preventive consultation, changing health consultation into potential stimulation, from individual consultation to group consultation, and then establishing a three-dimensional social support system, and professionalizing the work force.
References:
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[3] Wang Tao. Research on the structure of college students' psychological quality and its development characteristics [D]. Southwest University, 2002.
[4] Deng Huijuan. A Study on the Relationship among College Students' Psychological Stress, Coping Style and Mental Health [D]. Northeast Normal University, 20 10.
[5] Zhang Baojun. Analysis of psychological characteristics of post-90s college students and countermeasures [J]. Guide to ideological and theoretical education, 20 10, * * * 4 * *:1114.
[6] Stone writing. Study on the Mechanism of Social Support on Mental Health of Poor College Students [D]. East China Normal University, 2005.
[7] Tai Yonglin. Study on Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Poor College Students [D]. Henan University, 2005.
[8] Hu. Research on the employment psychology of college students [D]. Wuhan University, 2005.
[9] Zhu Linxian. Psychological stress-social support of college students and its relationship with learning burnout [D]. Zhejiang University, 2007.
[10] Zhu Jiguang. Overview and enlightenment of psychological counseling services in British universities [J]. Research on Ideological and Political Education, 2009, * * * 6 * *.
About the author: Shen Liang, whose research interests are mental health education, ideological and political education and higher education management, School of Medicine and Business, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458.
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