Which countries in the world practice free medical care?
The survey found that only Cuba has implemented the real unive
Which countries in the world practice free medical care?
The survey found that only Cuba has implemented the real universal free medical care, that is, patients don't have to spend any money to see a doctor. In countries that people usually refer to as free medical care, such as Canada, Britain, Russia and other countries, all citizens can get basic free medical care without paying medical insurance premiums, but they still have to pay certain fees, such as registration fees.
Free medical care is mostly borne by medical insurance.
In Britain and Canada, medical services outside the insurance catalogue are also at their own expense. Free medical care in these countries refers to basic medical services. The government pays a lot of money, and everyone who participates in the insurance also pays part of the money in the form of taxes.
Many countries implement medical insurance system, or combine medical insurance system with free medical care. Specific to different countries, the cost of purchasing (joining) medical insurance is different, and the free proportion of registration fee, examination fee, medicine fee and hospitalization fee in the process of seeing a doctor is also very different.
At present, there are four types of medical security systems in developed countries. The first type: national (government) medical insurance model, such as Britain, Canada, Australia, Nordic countries and so on. As a social welfare, medical insurance is provided to the whole people and raised through high taxes. Personal medical care is not completely free, but the degree of free is relatively high. The second type: social insurance model, such as Germany and Japan. Both employers and employees pay fees, the government subsidizes them appropriately, and the whole society shares risks, which is relatively flexible. The third type: private medical insurance model, also known as commercial insurance model, with private insurance accounting for 60%. Represented by the United States, the main body is pure commercial insurance mode, with high medical expenses, but the elderly and veterans have special national security policies. The fourth type: mixed type.
Some developing countries, such as Poland and Latvia, implement compulsory medical insurance or compound medical insurance. Medical insurance premiums are paid by the unit for employees, and individuals do not have to pay. In public hospitals, basic medical care is free, and the operation expenses and medical expenses for special diseases need to be borne by individuals. China, Argentina, Indonesia and other countries implement the medical insurance system, in which individuals pay part of the premiums and part of the expenses when they see a doctor. South Africa adopts a combination of free medical care and medical insurance. Low-income people can get free medical treatment in public hospitals. If you go to a private hospital with good medical conditions, you need to buy medical insurance yourself.
Overview of medical conditions in some countries
All kinds of tests in Cuban hospitals, as well as treatment, surgery, medicine and diet during hospitalization, are free of charge.
Canada goes to the hospital with a medical card, and outpatient service, examination and hospitalization are free. Outpatient prescriptions need to be purchased at their own expense.
American corporate health insurance individuals pay 20%-50%; Commercial insurance pays premiums; The public medical system is aimed at the elderly or the disabled, and there is no need to pay out-of-pocket premiums. The insurance expenditure of enterprises and businesses varies according to the types of insurance. Those who participate in free medical care can be partially exempted from hospitalization fees, medical treatment fees and laboratory fees 19.5 54.5.
The insurance premium in Japan accounts for 3%-9.5% of the average monthly salary. Individuals bear part of the medical expenses, 20% for children under 6 years old, 30% for children between 6 and 70 years old, 20% for children between 70 and 74 years old, and 10% after 75 years old.
Belgium's compulsory medical insurance covers everyone. Local residents pay Euro65,438+05-25 every year to supplement medical insurance premiums. 24 kinds of medical services stipulated by compulsory insurance, 90-300 euros a year. Individuals have to bear more than 25% of medical expenses, excluding hospitalization expenses. The hospitalization expenses are paid in part or in whole by supplementary medical insurance.
The monthly premium of German government insurance is 05.5% of 65438+ monthly income. Individuals and companies pay half the registration fee, and other expenses such as treatment fee, hospitalization fee and medical fee are free.
All public medical services in Spain are free and only a small amount of medicines are needed.
Personal income tax in Sweden accounts for 30%-50% of personal monthly income, a large part of which is used for free medical insurance testing and inspection, and the registration fee and medicine fee are borne by individuals. The hospitalization fee is 80 kronor a day.
Appointment and treatment in British public hospitals are free, and 85% of prescription drugs are free. Old people, children and low-income people are free.
The Argentine government's free medical service is aimed at those in need; Social medical insurance is paid by employees at the rate of 3% payroll tax. The public medical service system covers 65% of the population. It is free to go to public hospitals for treatment, examination, laboratory tests and hospitalization, and the outpatient medical expenses are self-care.
6% of the minimum wage paid by Polish units is transferred to the National Health Fund, and basic medical care in public hospitals is free for individuals who do not pay insurance premiums; The treatment and medical expenses of many special diseases need to be borne by individuals.
The medical insurance systems in Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria are basically the same as those in Poland.
Belarus? Medical care and medicines are basically free.
Kazakhstan? Free of charge within the specified items and scope. Excess self-payment
In Russia, medical care is free, medicines are charged, and all expenses during hospitalization are free.
Ukrainian hospitals are free of charge, and patients buy medicines at their own expense; All expenses are free during hospitalization.
In Latvia, work units pay medical insurance premiums for employees, while individuals do not pay premiums for free medical care in public clinics and hospitals. Medical expenses and operation expenses are partly borne by individuals.
In Lithuania, work units pay medical insurance premiums for employees, while individuals do not pay premiums for free medical care in public clinics and hospitals. Medical expenses and operation expenses are partly borne by individuals.
In Estonia, work units pay medical insurance premiums for employees, while individuals do not pay insurance premiums for free medical care in public clinics and hospitals. Medical expenses and operation expenses are partly borne by individuals.
Only 25% citizens in Georgia have medical insurance, and some poor people have free medical insurance.
95% people in China participated in the medical insurance for urban workers, urban residents and the new rural cooperative medical system. Individuals pay part of the medical insurance expenses for outpatient service, hospitalization and medicine in proportion, and the specific amount and proportion are not exactly the same everywhere.
There are two ways of free medical care and medical insurance in South Africa. Medical insurance needs to pay premiums. Public hospitals only pay registration fees. Go to a private hospital for medical insurance.
Employees of private enterprises in Mexico are covered by social medical insurance, and part of the premiums are paid by payroll tax. The poor are included in public medical insurance, and they pay a premium of $ 65- 1000 every year to join public medical insurance. The whole family will no longer pay any fees, including meals and ambulance fees during hospitalization.
There are no public hospitals in India, which can be exempted from registration fees, inspection fees and a few basic drugs. Other drugs need to be purchased by individuals.
Medical insurance for Indonesian civil servants, police and soldiers is paid by individuals at 2% of their wages; The poor can apply for free medical insurance. Many drugs are imported, and the price of seeing a doctor is relatively expensive.
Many sub-Saharan African countries have extremely low medical and health standards, and medical facilities and medicines mainly rely on international donations. 50% of the medical and health expenditure in this area is provided by the private sector. Its free medical care is actually medical assistance. Including medical assistance for serious epidemics such as malaria, pregnant women and children under 5 years old (Benin, Sierra Leone and other countries). Although some countries, such as C? te d 'Ivoire, have put forward medical plans, they have not really realized them. Madagascar, which once provided free medical care for all, has resumed charging. In Angola and Kenya, public hospitals are responsible for free medical care for the whole people, but they face difficulties, and medicines and medical equipment are extremely scarce. Gabon has gradually implemented universal health insurance since 2007.