Green building design adheres to the localization strategy, has the ability to minimize resource consumption and maximize efficiency, has the functions of safety, health and livability, and has the least disturbance to the ecosystem. It is a sustainable, renewable and recyclable architectural design in the whole life cycle. Therefore, reducing the load and influence on the earth's resources and environment, creating a healthy and comfortable living environment, and integrating with the surrounding natural environment are the three characteristics of green building design.
Faced with the superiority of resources, ecological environment and green buildings, there are many green building designs in the world, such as:
Green building design case
1. Dubai Solar Vertical Village
Dubai is a country full of creativity, and incredible buildings have sprung up in this land. Besides sand and creativity, is Dubai rich in resources? The answer is naturally sunny. Graft Architectural Design Office (Graft? The vertical village designed by Lab makes full use of this advantage. The building surface forms a specific angle with the solar collector. The solar collector is located at the southern end of this multifunctional building complex, and is equipped with an automatic rotating pivot to maximize the sunshine time.
2. Turkey 1? & Orr Tacoi Complex
This is called "one? & Orr Tacoi Multifunctional Building Complex is located in Istanbul. It has a curved organic form, and the undulating roof is covered with green grass and flowers, which blends in with the beautiful mountainous areas. The building is located near Orr Tacoi and is under construction. It consists of two buildings with natural stone in front. One of them is a residential building and the other is a business building.
3. French Green Roof Middle School
Marcel Sembat Middle School is located in LeRouen, Sotteville, next to a park. This middle school blends in with the surrounding green grass and Woods skillfully, making it almost invisible. Its expansion project consists of dining room, student dormitory, staff dormitory and workshop. The green roof is wavy, which can play the role of natural heat insulation.
4. Rainwater-collecting skyscrapers
How to make buildings collect rainwater to the greatest extent? The rain-collecting skyscraper designed by H3AR may give the answer. Rainwater will flow directly into the treatment plant with the help of a network of sinks covering the whole outside. The treated domestic water can be used for flushing toilets, washing clothes, other cleaning work and watering plants. According to H3AR's design, the skin of the skyscraper is combined with a huge bowl-shaped rainwater collection facility on the roof to maximize rainwater harvesting.
How to do green building design?
First, the design of the overall environment.
The so-called overall environmental design is not aimed at a certain building, but built in a certain area. Based on the requirements of the overall urban planning, this paper analyzes the feasibility and economy of the design from the basic conditions of the site, topography, geology and hydrology, climate conditions, animal and plant growth conditions and so on. , and comprehensive analysis and overall design. The overall environmental design methods are as follows:
(1) Introduce the theory of green building. Urban development and construction should combine the local natural environment, resources, society, humanities and other backgrounds, and at the same time protect and creatively use the existing conditions. On the one hand, change the unreasonable layout mode, regional division, spatial structure and resource allocation; On the other hand, it can follow the historical context and natural geographical characteristics of the city.
(2) Strengthen environmental greening. Covering the ground with greening can often create a relatively cool and comfortable environment due to a large amount of water evaporation; Tall trees form a large shade on the ground, which reduces the heat absorption on the road surface, purifies the air and increases the oxygen content in the space. Therefore, in the residential area design of human settlements, we must attach importance to the design of green environment, create a good microclimate, and introduce green quantitative standards into the design specifications. At present, environmental greening mainly includes environmental greening around residential areas and three-dimensional greening of buildings.
(1) Greening of the surrounding environment of the community. Try to reduce hard pavement, expand lawn area and plant as many tall trees as possible. At present, most residential areas often use cement bricks to pave the floor, which is very unfavorable to the environment of the residential area. It is necessary to use permeable ecological pavement as much as possible.
② Three-dimensional greening. Introduce the concept of "land spatialization", including wall greening, roof greening and balcony greening. Wall greening is mainly to cover green vines on the direct sunlight surface to avoid direct sunlight on the wall, reduce the surface temperature of the external wall and ensure the stability of indoor temperature.
Second, the design method of single building
(1) The shape coefficient of a building is the ratio of the surface area to the volume of the building, which is closely related to the thermal performance of the building. The heat consumption of curved buildings is less than that of linear buildings, and the heat consumption of decentralized layout is greater than that of centralized layout buildings under the same volume. In the specific design, we should reduce the area of the external wall of the building, control the height of the building, reduce the concave and convex changes of the graphics, and try to adopt a regular plane form.
(2) The exterior wall design should meet the requirements of natural lighting and ventilation, and reduce the dependence on electrical equipment. The exterior wall design should adopt the design of bright hall, bright bedroom, bright bathroom and bright kitchen to improve the thermal stability of indoor environment.
(3) Adopt flexible design scheme to improve the applicability and variability of the house, which is reflected in the flexibility requirements of building structure and building equipment. (1) The growth of stairs, including the reservation of foundation, the consideration of floor bearing in advance, and the growth of surrounding environment. (2) Reserve pipeline space, including hydropower and communication development space. ③ Variability of furniture system.
(4) Building energy-saving design. Save the use of non-renewable energy sources such as coal, oil and natural gas, and actively develop renewable new energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and hydropower and pollution-free energy.
(5) Intelligent design of buildings. At present, a large number of electronic communication and automation technologies are used in buildings, and intelligent buildings emerge as the times require. It can automatically adjust the opening and closing of the "smart enclosure" and the air volume of the air conditioner according to the temperature, humidity and wind, thus ensuring the high productivity of intelligent production and mental work in intelligent buildings. The development of intelligence can promote the sustainable development of green buildings in the state of "high standard, low energy consumption, high efficiency and low pollution".
Green building design system is a highly complex system engineering. To realize this project, not only environmental engineers and architects need to use the design methods and means of sustainable development, but also decision makers, management institutions, community organizations, owners and users need to have environmental awareness and participate in the whole construction process. The involvement of this multi-level cooperative relationship needs to establish a clear evaluation result of the building environment in the whole process, form a * * * knowledge, and make it be carried out from beginning to end. Therefore, the green building design system urgently needs modern scientific evaluation methods as technical support for implementation and operation. At present, the commonly used methods are: life cycle assessment method, American environmental assessment project, French ESCALE method and so on.
The above is the relevant content of green building design, I hope it will help everyone!
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