Why is menstruation normal but not pregnant?
1, fallopian tube factors: the fallopian tube is too long or narrow, and tubal inflammation causes lumen occlusion, hydrops or adhesion, which will hinder the operation of sperm, eggs or fertilized eggs;
2, ovarian factors: ovarian follicle hypoplasia, failure to ovulate to form corpus luteum, premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary, ovarian tumor and other factors that affect follicular development or egg excretion will cause infertility;
3. Uterine factors: congenital absence of uterus, immature uterus, solid uterus without uterine cavity, posterior or severe flexion of uterus, endometrial inflammation and intrauterine adhesion are all causes of infertility;
4. Endocrine factors: when the hypothalamus is immature or the central maturation of hypothalamus cycle is delayed, the adjustment between hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis is imperfect, which is manifested as anovulatory menstruation, amenorrhea or luteal insufficiency, all of which are possible causes of infertility;
5, vaginal factors: vaginal atresia, vaginal septum, various types of vaginitis, will affect the normal activities of sperm and cause infertility;
6. Systemic factors: nutritional disorders, metabolic diseases, chronic wasting diseases, simple obesity, etc.
7, cervical factors: cervical stenosis, polyps, tumors, adhesion, erosion and so on. ;
8. Mental and other factors: autonomic nervous system dysfunction, psychosis, environmental amenorrhea, anorexia nervosa, pseudopregnancy, immune infertility and blood group incompatibility.
Pregnancy requires the following factors:
1, women's ovaries can discharge healthy and mature eggs.
2. Male testicles can produce normal sperm.
3. Women have normal sexual life before and after ovulation, so that sperm and eggs have the opportunity to meet and fertilize.
4, the reproductive tract must be unobstructed. The male vas deferens must be unobstructed before sperm can be discharged.
5. The environment in the uterus must be suitable for the implantation and development of fertilized eggs.
Symptoms of pregnancy:
1. Menstruation stops
This is the most common sign of pregnancy that most people notice. As long as a woman of childbearing age has normal menstruation and exceeds normal menstruation for two weeks after sexual intercourse, it is possible to get pregnant. This is the earliest sign of pregnancy. The longer the expiration time, the greater the possibility of pregnancy. . However, women's reproductive function is very sensitive. Either they are not menstruating or they are pregnant. There are many reasons why menstruation does not come. It may be because of poor ovarian function, abnormal hormone secretion, busy work and nervous exams. .. and so on, if mental stress is great, or the surrounding environment changes, it will cause the phenomenon of late menstruation. Women with irregular menstruation at ordinary times don't need to be particularly nervous if they are late for menstruation once, but menstrual cramps are more difficult as a criterion for pregnancy. So it's best to be diagnosed by a doctor, which is the safest.
Women who live a normal husband and wife life should first consider whether they are pregnant or not once their menstruation is late, but besides not having menstruation, it is also important to observe their own physiological changes. Especially when I am pregnant, I don't know, and I mistake bleeding for menstrual cramps. There will be similar menstruation in the early pregnancy, but it is not a symptom of menstrual bleeding. Some women will have lower body bleeding because of the implantation of fertilized eggs. Although menstrual bleeding is a small amount of bleeding, it is sometimes a precursor to abortion. It's best to find a doctor for diagnosis.
2. Breast changes
Breast development, nipple enlargement, obvious inferior mammary vein, nipple and areola color deepening, nipple protruding, some small nodules around nipple, even breast tingling, swelling, itching, occasionally a small amount of milk can be squeezed out. These are all phenomena caused by pregnancy. Under the action of progesterone, the breast becomes bigger and more sensitive after 4 ~ 6 weeks of pregnancy, and its total weight can be increased to about 800 grams. The double effects of weight gain and progesterone lengthen the ligaments and fibrous tissues of the breast, so the breast is prone to sagging. Choose a special bra to protect it. With the increase of blood volume, some pregnant women may also have blue veins on their breasts, which often disappear naturally after delivery.
3. Pregnancy reaction
Pregnant women will gradually feel some abnormal phenomena after menopause. This is because vomiting center can't adapt to the increased estrogen temporarily, or it is related to mental factors, so she reacts to early pregnancy. The first reaction is to be afraid of the cold, and then gradually feel tired, sleepy, dizzy, disgusting, queasy, loss of appetite, picky eaters, like to eat sour food, afraid of smelling greasy smell, and saliva secretion will also increase. Get up early and even vomit. In severe cases, symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue and fatigue appear. The symptoms of early pregnancy reaction vary from person to person. Almost many pregnant women in the early stage of pregnancy often feel sick and vomiting, and just five weeks after pregnancy, many people have no early pregnancy reaction at all. Most people will last for 3 months. Generally, after 3 months, the early pregnancy reaction will automatically stop. Unless you are seriously ill, vomiting and need to see a doctor, these are normal phenomena in the early pregnancy. In the early pregnancy, appetite and eating habits often change, for example, interest in cigarettes, wine, tea and fried foods declines, while people prefer salty, sour and frozen foods and fruits, or even partial eclipse. The reason for this phenomenon is not clear.
4. Changes in the skin
Some women may have brown pigmentation on the lines of face and abdomen after pregnancy, which may lead to skin pigmentation or stretch marks on the abdominal wall, especially in the late pregnancy. Some people will have freckles or acne on their faces when they are pregnant, their skin condition is worse than usual, and it is not easy to put on makeup. Irregular parallel cracks 5-6 cm long and 0.5 cm wide can be seen on the abdominal wall and thigh skin of pregnant women. These lines are purplish red or reddish, and gradually turn silvery white after delivery. It is generally believed that it is caused by the increased participation of adrenocortical hormones. Some women's skin is smoother and more delicate after pregnancy, but there are still 30% pregnant women who may have brown pregnancy spots on their faces or necks. Some pregnant women's original spots on their faces are deepened, and the symptoms usually disappear by themselves after a few months of delivery or weaning. Eating more foods rich in vitamin A can relieve symptoms. However, sun exposure will aggravate symptoms, so pregnant women should pay special attention to sun protection. In addition, excessive stretching of the skin can easily leave stretch marks. The prevention method is to insist on using professional massage cream throughout pregnancy to increase skin elasticity. This is a change caused by hormones, which is a natural phenomenon for pregnant women, so don't worry too much.
5. Discoloration of vaginal mucosa
At the beginning of pregnancy, the vaginal mucosa may appear darker because of congestion, which is judged by the doctor.
Easy fatigue
It is easy to get tired in the early pregnancy. Some people feel lazy, listless all day, and often want to sleep, as if they will never get enough sleep.
7. Kidney and urinary system
Because the bladder is compressed by the expanding uterus, frequent urination often occurs. In the third month of pregnancy, most women have symptoms of frequent urination, often after going to the toilet, and soon have a sense of urination. Some people wonder if it is caused by cystitis. If urination is not accompanied by pain or residual urine, it is not cystitis, but only because the uterus gradually increases after pregnancy, which oppresses the bladder and reduces its capacity.
Due to physiological changes during pregnancy, renal blood flow increases in pregnant women. Early uterine expansion squeezes the bladder with significant frequency. In the third trimester, the fetal head falling into the basin will also squeeze the bladder, leading to the same result. Due to the increase of renal blood flow and renal filtration rate, glucose filtration increased. When the reabsorption of glucose by renal tubules cannot be increased correspondingly, glycosuria will occur. About 65,438+0.5% pregnant women have increased glycosuria and amino acid filtration, but no proteinuria. Because of the increase of the above excretion, it provides material conditions for the growth of bacteria, so pregnant women are prone to urinary tract infection.
8. Changes of basal body temperature
When some of the above symptoms appear, the basal body temperature can be measured every day. Basal body temperature is a high and low temperature change caused by progesterone secretion in the body. By measuring the basal body temperature, you can know whether you are pregnant or not, and the basal body temperature of pregnant women often rises.
Some of the manifestations listed above are just some symptoms that appear in the early pregnancy. When you suspect that you may be pregnant, you should go to the hospital for further examination.
9. Hair
After pregnancy, the secretion of estrogen increases, and the production of testosterone and adrenocortical hormone during pregnancy increases, which can increase and thicken hair, mainly pubic hair and armpit hair, reduce the curl of hair, and occasionally reduce the front hair. The growth rate of hair is increased by 20%, and the hair becomes thicker. At the same time, the secretion of estrogen stimulates the secretion of androgen and promotes the growth of body hair. Don't worry, the extra hair will fall off by itself within 6 months after delivery.
10. Eyes
Because the systemic circulation slows down after pregnancy, the prospective mother's eyes are prone to edema and congestion. Pregnant women must get enough sleep and don't drink too much water before going to bed. This symptom will disappear naturally after delivery. In addition, hormonal fluctuations can also lead to retinal thickening, and wearing contact lenses will make you feel uncomfortable. It usually takes 6 months after delivery to return to normal. During this period, it is recommended to use frame glasses, or consult a doctor to choose appropriate eye drops to increase lubrication.
1 1. Spine
After pregnancy, the overstretched abdominal muscles lose their support for the lumbar spine, and the increase in the weight of the uterus also brings greater pressure to the lumbar spine. In addition, the ligaments between vertebrae become loose under the action of progesterone, and the stability of the spine becomes worse, so the curvature of the lumbar spine becomes larger, and pregnant women often feel low back pain. In the same way, the increase of breast weight also brings more pressure to the cervical spine, and the cervical spine bends more. Pregnant women also often feel neck pain. Discomfort symptoms generally disappear within 2 weeks after delivery, and proper exercise is helpful to restore the normal physiological curvature of the spine.
abdomen
After pregnancy, the left and right bundles of rectus abdominis, which were originally connected in parallel, gradually separated and extended to both sides of the body to adapt to the growing uterus. In the third month of pregnancy, 66% of pregnant women have this phenomenon of rectus abdominis separation. This separation will not cause pain, and some women's abdominal tissues will push the navel out. After delivery, rectus abdominis takes 6 weeks * its elasticity is slow * proper exercise can help it recover.
13. Hip
The expectant mother's buttocks become wider and thicker, which is mainly influenced by progesterone. On the one hand, fat is easy to accumulate, on the other hand, the stability of sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis to pelvis becomes worse, and the pressure of fetus widens pubic symphysis space. The above changes not only affect the appearance, but also make it easy for expectant mothers to feel pain near the groin or pelvic pain when they turn around or go upstairs, go to bed, get off the bus or even walk.
14. Hand
Affected by progesterone, intercellular effusion increases, which easily leads to edema of upper limbs, especially hands; The uterus compresses the main vein, and the discharge of excess fluid is blocked, which also leads to systemic edema. The edema is most obvious in the last 4 ~ 6 weeks of pregnancy, and frequent hand massage helps to reduce swelling. Generally, the swelling will be reduced within 5 days after delivery. If the swelling is too serious, you'd better call a doctor.
15. Legs
The relaxing effect of progesterone on the vascular wall makes the venous valve not closed enough, which affects the blood return to the heart and is most likely to form ugly varicose veins in the legs. In addition, varicose veins may also lead to head headache and rectal hemorrhoids. The prevention method is to drink plenty of water, especially to avoid keeping the same posture for a long time. If you don't sleep on your back, don't cross your legs while sitting, and don't go to the toilet for too long. In addition, it is best to pad the calf when sitting down.
16. Dentistry
Gingival congestion, edema and hyperplasia, brushing your teeth in the morning is easy to bleed. Teeth are easy to loosen, which was previously thought to be caused by calcium deficiency. It is now known that calcium in teeth is static and is not affected by blood calcium fluctuation. Pregnant women often have more saliva, and the P H value of saliva changes, and pantothenic acid is easy to cause dental caries during pregnancy.
17. Gastrointestinal
During pregnancy, with the enlargement of the uterus, the stomach is lifted, the intestinal tube is pushed upward or to both sides of the abdominal cavity, and the cecum and appendix are displaced outward and upward, reaching the level of iliac crest. Once intestinal and appendicitis lesions appear, abdominal pain and uterine contraction are difficult to distinguish, which is easy to delay the diagnosis. Due to the influence of a large number of hormones, the tension of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is reduced, the peristalsis is weakened, and the gastric emptying time is prolonged, which makes pregnant women prone to epigastric fullness, and pregnant women should prevent fullness.
Intestinal peristalsis decreased in pregnant women, but the absorption function of small intestine remained unchanged. Due to the increasing demand in the body, the absorption of iron and calcium has also increased. The feces stay in the large intestine for a long time, and the water is gradually absorbed, which makes the feces dry and constipation occurs. Constipation, combined with the oppression of the enlarged uterus on the rectum and the expansion of the smooth muscle of the blood vessel wall by sex hormones, often causes hemorrhoids or aggravates the original hemorrhoids.
18. Weight increase