Health, disease prevention and diet safety are mainly intestinal tract and respiratory tract. 1. Transmission routes and prevention knowledge of common infectious diseases. Three basic links of infectious diseases: ① Sources of infection: patients, sick animals, mice, etc. ② Transmission route: air, food, soil and insects ③ Susceptible population: children are susceptible population 2. Prevention of intestinal infectious diseases ① Pay attention to the source of infection, treat patients in time if found, and check those who are in close contact with patients. ② Cut off the route of infection: strengthen environmental sanitation, protect water sources and clean toilets. Eliminate flies and mice. Wash your hands before and after meals. ③ Prevention of diseases and vaccination of vaccines. Factors to prevent respiratory infectious diseases: low temperature and indoor crowd gathering. When people catch a cold, their resistance is low and they are easily infected. Prevention method: patients are isolated and do not spit everywhere. The classroom is ventilated. 4 to prevent the spread of insect-borne infectious diseases, rabies and Japanese encephalitis through animals.
To prevent food poisoning, we must first pay attention to personal hygiene, and do regular bathing, washing clothes, cutting nails, cutting hair and changing sheets and quilts (once a month). Develop a good habit of washing hands before and after meals and not overeating. Secondly, do' six don't eat': don't eat cold food, unclean fruit, spoiled food, meals without high temperature treatment, raw water and snacks. Then we should pay attention to identify the quality of food from the food label, and choosing safe food is the first step to control oral diseases.
What is the principle of food safety preparation 10 advocated by the World Health Organization?
1, select the food after safe treatment;
2. Cook food thoroughly;
3. Cooked food should be eaten immediately;
4. Pay attention to the storage of cooked food;
5, stored cooked food, thoroughly heated before eating;
6. Prevent raw food from polluting cooked food;
7. Wash your hands repeatedly;
8. Pay attention to keep the surface of kitchen utensils clean;
9. Prevent insects, mice and other animals from polluting food;
10, with clear water.
First aid methods in case of food poisoning.
In case of food poisoning, go to the hospital immediately and don't take medicine by yourself. If you can't see a doctor as soon as possible, you can take the following first aid measures:
1, vomiting: If the food is eaten within 1 to 2 hours, you can take the method of vomiting, take 20 grams of salt, add 200 ml of boiling water, and drink it once after cooling; If you don't vomit, you can drink more times to promote vomiting. You can also use fresh ginger100g, mash it to get juice, and take it with 200ml warm water. If you eat bad meat, you can take "ten drops of water" to promote vomiting. Chopsticks and fingers can also be used to stimulate the throat and cause vomiting.
2, catharsis: If the patient eats for more than two hours, the spirit is not bad, you can take some laxatives to urge the poisoned food to be excreted as soon as possible. Generally, 30 grams of rhubarb can be used to achieve the purpose of relaxing bowels once decocted.
3. Detoxification: If food poisoning is caused by eating spoiled fish, shrimp and crabs. Take vinegar 100 ml, add 200 ml of water, and take it once after dilution. In addition, perilla 30g and licorice 10g can be decocted once. If you eat spoiled drinks or preservatives by mistake, the best first aid is to fill your stomach with fresh milk or other drinks containing protein.