Miao customs and taboos;
Miao nationality-introduction
Miao people are mainly distributed in the southeast of Guizhou Province, Damiao Mountain in Guangxi, Hainan Island and the border areas of Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces, with a population of 970,000. Miao nationality has a long history. In China's ancient books, there are records of Miao ancestors more than 5,000 years ago. This is a clan and tribe called Naman from the Yellow River valley to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Miao people have no written language, and Miao language belongs to the Miao branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Miao people live on high mountains, mainly in agriculture, and the crops are upland rice. Bags, buckwheat seeds, potatoes, beans, and cash crops are hemp, which are generally grown and spun by themselves. Miao people are rich in folk oral literature, such as ancient songs, poems and love songs. Miao people are also good at dancing, and Lusheng dance is the most popular.
Miao nationality has its own language, which is divided into three dialects: Xiangxi, Qiandong and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. After 1956, the Latin alphabet writing scheme was designed. Due to the long-term contact between Miao and Han, a large number of Miao people are fluent in and use Chinese.
Agriculture is dominant in Miao areas, supplemented by hunting. Miao people's arts and crafts such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik, paper cutting and jewelry making are magnificent and colorful, and they are well-known at home and abroad. Among them, the batik process of Miao nationality has a history of thousands of years. There are more than 130 kinds of Miao costumes, which can be compared with the costumes of any nation in the world. Miao nationality is a nation that can sing and dance well, especially love songs and wine songs. Lusheng is the most representative musical instrument of Miao nationality.
Miao nationality-history
Miao nationality has a long history, and its ancestors may be part of the ancient three south areas. One theory originated from the "mane" people in the Yin and Zhou Dynasties. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, they mainly lived in western Hunan and eastern Guizhou, including in the name of "Changsha-Wuling Revolution" or "Wuxi Man", and then gradually migrated and scattered in the southwest mountainous areas. Others believe that it is related to the ancient "Jiuli". Miao people in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan and other places have regarded Chiyou as their ancestors so far. Legend has it that Chiyou is the king of Jiuli. Five thousand years ago, the Jiuli tribe clashed with the Huangdi tribe, withdrew from the lower reaches of the Yellow River and occupied the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Gradually form a "three seedlings." After the 2nd century BC, most Miao ancestors migrated to Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places. The Miao people in Hainan were soldiers who went from Guangxi in the16th century.
Miao nationality-etiquette
Miao people attach great importance to etiquette. When guests visit, they will kill chickens and ducks to entertain guests. If you are a distinguished guest from afar, the Miao people are used to inviting guests to drink croissant first. When eating chicken, the head of the chicken should be given to the older guests, and the drumsticks should be given to the youngest guests. In some places, there is also the custom of dividing chicken hearts, that is, the oldest owner in the family gives chicken hearts or duck hearts to the guests with chopsticks, and the guests can't eat them themselves, so they must divide the chicken hearts equally among the old people present. If the guest drinks less and doesn't like fat meat, it can explain the situation. If the host is not reluctant, but dissatisfied with eating and drinking, it is considered to look down on the host.
Miao people pay attention to truth and sincerity, and are very enthusiastic. Most of them avoid glitz and hypocrisy. Host Lu Yu guests don't take the first step, don't walk in front; Use honorifics in conversation; Welcome guests to wear holiday clothes; For distinguished guests, wine is welcome outside the village; When the guest arrives at the door, the host will call the door and inform the hostess at home that she will sing and open the door to welcome the guests; In front of the guests, the hostess does not climb upstairs; At the banquet, chickens and ducks are the most precious delicacies, especially the heart and liver. It should be given to the guests or the elderly first, and then the guests will share it with you. The order is first long and then small. Guests should not call the host "Miao Zi"; They prefer to call themselves "Meng".
Miao nationality-festival
Stepping on Huashan Mountain is a grand traditional festival of Miao people in China, which is usually held on the first, third and sixth day of the first lunar month. In all counties where Miao people live, flower poles will be erected these days and a grand stepping on Huashan Mountain will be held. This is not only a good opportunity for young Miao men and women to fall in love, but also an important place for Miao people to carry out cultural and recreational activities. Miao people, old and young, dressed in gold and silver, rushed to the foot of the flower pole from all directions, playing reeds, playing tricks, bullfighting, wrestling, playing thrush and climbing the flower pole.
Back-pounding Festival is very popular in some areas of Funing County. It is held from the third day to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year. This is a festival for young Miao men and women. During the festival, young men and women gather on the scenic hillside. When the back-beating began, men flocked out and rushed to the girl they chose, with one hand around the girl's neck, the other hand covering her eyes, and other boys hitting her on the back. Not to be outdone, the girl struggled with a smile. Break free ...>
What are the eating habits of Miao people? In most areas, the Miao people live on rice. Fried Baba is the most common fried food. If you add some fresh meat and sauerkraut as stuffing, the taste will be more delicious. Most meat comes from livestock and poultry farming. Miao people in Sichuan and Yunnan all like to eat dog meat, and there is a saying that "Miao's dog is Yi's wine". In addition to animal oil, Miao people's edible oils are mostly tea oil and vegetable oil. Pepper is the main condiment, and in some areas there is even a saying that it is inseparable from pepper. There are many kinds of Miao vegetables. Common vegetables are beans, melons, greens and radishes. Most Miao people are good at making bean products. Miao people everywhere generally like to eat sauerkraut, and sour soup is a must for every family. Sour soup is rice soup or tofu water, fermented in a crock for 3-5 days, and then used to cook fish and vegetables. The food preservation of Miao people generally adopts pickling method, and vegetables, chickens, ducks and fish like to be pickled into sour taste. Almost every Miao family has a jar for curing food, which is collectively called a sour jar. Miao nationality has a long history of brewing, and has a set of techniques from koji making, fermentation, distillation, blending and cellar storage. Camellia oleifera is the most common daily drink. Miao people in Xiangxi also specially made a kind of scented tea. Sour soup is also a common way to drink the sea. Typical foods mainly include: blood soup, Chili bone, Miaoxiang Guifeng soup, cotton vegetable cake, insect tea, scented tea, fish paste, sour soup fish and so on.
References:
zhidao.baidu/question/88802 106
Miao people don't eat pork.
Dietary characteristics of Miao people In most areas, Miao people take rice as their staple food for three meals a day. Fried Baba is the most common fried food. If you add some fresh meat and sauerkraut as stuffing, the taste will be more delicious. Most meat comes from livestock and poultry farming. Miao people in Sichuan and Yunnan all like to eat dog meat, and there is a saying that "Miao's dog is Yi's wine". In addition to animal oil, Miao people's edible oils are mostly tea oil and vegetable oil. Pepper is the main condiment, and in some areas there is even a saying that it is inseparable from pepper. There are many kinds of Miao vegetables. Common vegetables are beans, melons, greens and radishes. Most Miao people are good at making bean products. Miao people everywhere generally like to eat sauerkraut, and sour soup is a must for every family. Sour soup is rice soup or tofu water, fermented in a crock for 3-5 days, and then used to cook fish and vegetables. The food preservation of Miao people generally adopts pickling method, and vegetables, chickens, ducks and fish like to be pickled into sour taste. Almost every Miao family has a jar for curing food, which is collectively called a sour jar. Miao nationality has a long history of brewing, and has a set of techniques from koji making, fermentation, distillation, blending and cellar storage. Camellia oleifera is the most common daily drink. Miao people in Xiangxi also specially made a kind of scented tea. Sour soup is also a common drink. Typical foods mainly include: blood soup, Chili bone, Miaoxiang Guifeng soup, cotton vegetable cake, insect tea, scented tea, fish paste, sour soup fish and so on.
What are the food cultures of Miao nationality? In most areas, the Miao people live on rice. Fried Baba is the most common fried food. If you add some fresh meat and sauerkraut as stuffing, the taste will be more delicious. Most meat comes from livestock and poultry farming. Miao people in Sichuan and Yunnan all like to eat dog meat, and there is a saying that "Miao's dog is Yi's wine". In addition to animal oil, Miao people's edible oils are mostly tea oil and vegetable oil. Pepper is the main condiment, and in some areas there is even a saying that it is inseparable from pepper. There are many kinds of Miao vegetables. Common vegetables are beans, melons, greens and radishes. Most Miao people are good at making bean products. Miao people everywhere generally like to eat sauerkraut, and sour soup is a must for every family. Sour soup is rice soup or tofu water, fermented in a crock for 3-5 days, and then used to cook fish and vegetables. The food preservation of Miao people generally adopts pickling method, and vegetables, chickens, ducks and fish like to be pickled into sour taste. Almost every Miao family has a jar for curing food, which is collectively called a sour jar. Miao nationality has a long history of brewing, and has a set of techniques from koji making, fermentation, distillation, blending and cellar storage. Camellia oleifera is the most common daily drink. Miao people in Xiangxi also specially made a kind of scented tea. Sour soup is also a common drink. Typical foods mainly include: blood soup, Chili bone, Miaoxiang Guifeng soup, cotton vegetable cake, insect tea, scented tea, fish paste, sour soup fish and so on.
The dietary taboo of ethnic minorities in China is that some Buyi people don't eat dog meat. One explanation is that dogs once saved their ancestors, and another explanation is that humans didn't have rice before. It was the dog who brought the rice back to the Buyi people from the God's grain drying field, making the Buyi people the earliest "rice people" to grow rice. Some Buyi people don't eat fish, because it is said that the earliest mother of Buyi people is a god fish, the daughter of the dragon king.
Miao pregnant women should avoid eating old mother beef, mother pork, cock, small fish, vegetables, peppers and so on.
Tibetans don't eat donkey meat, horse meat or dog meat. In some places, they also don't eat the meat of five claws and birds. Due to religious beliefs, there is general opposition to killing wild animals.
Bai people also have dietary taboos, mainly because they don't use iron knives on New Year's Day. Housewives should cook quietly, not blowing fire, and must go to the well to "fetch water". Cooking at home is all about stir-frying and stir-frying. You can't use red, you can't make red packets of vegetables into twists, and the elders sit on the younger generation to serve.
What are the living habits and customs of Miao people? Miao nationality is one of the oldest ethnic groups in China, with a large population and wide distribution. Miao nationality in western Hunan is one of them. In the long-term historical development, Miao people have formed their own unique customs and habits in clothing, festivals, marriage, funeral, entertainment, etiquette, taboos and diet.
First, clothing.
There is little difference between men and women in Xiangxi Miao costume, and they are all "colorful"; Dressed in flowered clothes, pleated skirts, long hair, ochre flower handkerchiefs, boat-shaped flower shoes and various silver ornaments.
During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, after the government ordered that "clothes should be divided into men and women", it changed a lot, and many people even changed into Hanfu. Today, for example, the Miao people in Yongshun and Longshan counties are no different from the Han people in dress. However, in Huayuan, Baojing, Fenghuang, Jishou, Guzhang, Luxi and other counties, Miao costumes still have their own characteristics.
Miao men's clothing is relatively simple; I wear a cloth handkerchief on my head, a double-breasted coat, long sleeves and small sleeves, short pants and big pants, and I like to wrap my blue feet. There are two kinds of head handkerchief: green handkerchief and flower handkerchief. Handkerchiefs are more than a foot long, as many as three feet. When they are intertwined, they are mostly cross-shaped and as big as hats. The colors of clothes are plaid, full blue, full blue and so on. Among them, plaid cloth is the most distinctive. There are usually seven buttons. Some young people wear as many as seven clothes, which makes people envy their wealth and boldness. Only the bottom pair of buttons are buckled on the outermost garment, and the bottom pair of buttons are buckled on the second garment.
What are the characteristics of Miao costumes, diets and folk houses? Miao costume
Miao costumes reflect the characteristics of Miao people's long history, scattered residence and diverse customs. There are strict differences in costumes among branches, counties and villages of Miao nationality. The main colors of their clothes are also different. The so-called "White Miao", "Black Miao", "Flower Miao" and "Han Miao" are all called by their own names or nicknames according to their clothing colors or styles, and some are called "Long skirt Miao" and "Short skirt Miao" according to women's skirts. In fact, the same name is strict, and women's clothes in different regions are different.
2. Malipo people, who are also "white seedlings", wear narrow sleeves with blue cloth round neck and three black cloths lined with white clothes. The collar and chest are white, the forehead is wrapped in a white towel, and the white towel is wrapped in a black towel, which is black and white; The "white seedlings" around Zhenxiong and Weixin are dressed in blue-green long skirts and pleated skirts. All collars, cuffs and waists are embroidered with five-color silk thread, and black and blue cloth strips about five inches wide and more than ten feet long are wrapped around their heads. The outstanding white lies in white leggings.
3. Most Miao costumes are patterned. Embroidery, embroidery, batik, weaving and lining are used together, and the workmanship is very elegant and dazzling. Especially from embroidery patterns, we can often find the history and symbolic significance of Miao nationality, which can be described as "meaningful form". For example, Wenshan "Huamiao" has red, yellow, blue and white patterns embroidered on the collar and sleeves of its black round neck and narrow sleeves. The patterns are mostly flower-shaped and river-shaped. It is said that these patterns symbolize the place where Miao ancestors lived: red and green wavy patterns represent rivers, big flowers represent capitals, staggered patterns represent ridges, and mottled patterns represent ears of grain.
Second, the diet of the Miao people.
In most areas, Miao people have three meals a day, and rice is the staple food. Fried Baba is the most common fried food. If you add some fresh meat and sauerkraut as stuffing, the taste will be more delicious. Most of the meat comes from livestock and poultry, and a few Miao people in some places avoid eating dog meat. In addition to animal oil, Miao people's edible oils are mostly tea oil and vegetable oil. Pepper is the main condiment, and in some areas there is even a saying that it is inseparable from pepper. There are many kinds of Miao vegetables. Common vegetables are beans, melons, greens and radishes. Most Miao people are good at making bean products. Miao people everywhere generally like to eat sauerkraut, and sour soup is a must for every family. Sour soup is rice soup or tofu water, fermented in a crock for 3-5 days, and then used to cook fish and vegetables. The food preservation of Miao people generally adopts pickling method, and vegetables, chickens, ducks and fish like to be pickled into sour taste. Almost every Miao family has a jar for curing food, which is collectively called a sour jar. Miao nationality has a long history of brewing, and has a set of techniques from koji making, fermentation, distillation, blending and cellar storage. Camellia oleifera is the most common daily drink. Miao people in Xiangxi also specially made a kind of scented tea. Sour soup is also a common drink. Typical foods mainly include: blood soup, Chili bone, Miaoxiang Guifeng soup, cotton vegetable cake, insect tea, scented tea, fish paste, sour soup fish and so on. Sour soup fish is a unique food of Miao nationality. Sour and delicious, spicy and energetic, really appetizing.
The houses of three Miao people
1. The houses of Miao people are basically the same. The main house is usually three rooms, and the richer people are five rooms. The gate is concave between two pillars in the middle room. Inside the gate is a hall, which is separated into two rooms on the left and right. The small room on the right is the bedroom of the owner and his wife. There is a fire pond outside, and the room on the left is the children's house. The toilet, pigsty and cowshed are all on the side of the main house. Conditional families also set up leaning buildings on the left and right sides of the main house. People live above the mansion, a barn is installed below, and toilets and pigsty are installed. In southeastern Guizhou and Songtao areas, some landlords in the past also built large quadrangles surrounded by brick walls, commonly known as "houses of discovery". The doors and columns of the hall in the house are inlaid with gold-plated plaques, resplendent and magnificent.
2. Building materials vary from place to place. There are more wood and better economic conditions in Miao nationality areas in southeastern Guizhou, so there are more wooden houses and tile houses, and less straw houses with earth walls. There are wooden houses, tile houses, straw houses and earth-walled houses in central and southern Guizhou, and straw houses and earth-walled houses are the most commonly used. In addition, there are still many Miao people living in "fork houses" in northwest, central south and northern Guizhou. There is no room, no furniture and furnishings in the house. Trees are used as beds, mats are used as mats, and grass piers are used as stools. They are the poorest of the Miao people. In recent years, with the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, life has improved, the number of thatched houses and forked houses in this area has gradually decreased, and many new brick houses have appeared.
3. In Leigongshan, Wuchuan, Daozhen in southeastern Guizhou and some areas in northern Guizhou, there is a special house form called "Diaojiaolou". Terrace built on a slope with the foundation cut into the shape of "factory" ........................................................................................................................................................ >
Living habits of Miao people in China There are many living habits of Miao people in China, so I only write some main ones.
Residential distribution of Miao nationality:
Miao people are mainly distributed in the southeast of Guizhou Province, Damiao Mountain in Guangxi, Hainan Island and the border areas of Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. In China's ancient books, there are records of Miao ancestors as early as 5,000 years ago, which are clans and tribes called Naman from the Yellow River valley to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Miao people have migrated many times in history, and the general route is from the Yellow River valley to Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan.
Miao language:
Miao nationality has its own language, belonging to the Miao branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Originally, there were no national characters, but Latin pinyin characters were created in the late 1950s. Nowadays, most people use Chinese.
Miao people's beliefs and festivals;
Miao people used to believe in animism, worship nature and worship their ancestors. Drum Music Festival is the biggest ritual activity of Miao nationality. Generally, a small sacrifice lasts for seven years and a big sacrifice lasts for thirteen years. It is held on the second day of October to November in the lunar calendar. At that time, a roe deer will be killed and a Lusheng dance will be performed to commemorate the ancestors. Invite friends and relatives to get together during meals to enhance feelings and family harmony. Miao people have a long history of music and dance, and Lusheng dance, which is deeply loved by the masses, is highly skilled. Miao people's arts and crafts, such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik and jewelry making, are colorful and enjoy a high reputation in the world. There are many festivals in Miao nationality, including April 8 of Miao nationality; Q floating ot; Dragon Boat Festival, etc.
Miao people's diet:
In most areas, Miao people have three meals a day, and rice is the staple food. Fried Baba is the most common fried food. If you add some fresh meat and sauerkraut as stuffing, the taste will be more delicious.
Most meat comes from livestock and poultry. Miao people in Sichuan and Yunnan like to eat dog meat, and there are sayings of Miao people's dogs and Yi people's wine. In addition to animal oil, Miao people's edible oils are mostly tea oil and vegetable oil.
Etiquette of Miao nationality:
Miao people attach great importance to etiquette. When guests visit, they will kill chickens and ducks to entertain guests. If you are a distinguished guest from afar, the Miao people are used to inviting guests to drink croissant first. When eating chicken, the head of the chicken should be given to the older guests, and the drumsticks should be given to the youngest guests. In some places, there is also the custom of dividing chicken hearts, that is, the oldest owner in the family gives chicken hearts or duck hearts to the guests with chopsticks, and the guests can't eat them themselves, so they must divide the chicken hearts equally among the old people present. If the guest drinks less and doesn't like fat meat, it can explain the situation. If the host is not reluctant, but dissatisfied with eating and drinking, it is considered to look down on the host.
Miao people pay attention to truth and sincerity, and are very enthusiastic. Most of them avoid glitz and hypocrisy. Host Lu Yu guests don't take the first step, don't walk in front; Use honorifics in conversation; Welcome guests to wear holiday clothes; For distinguished guests, wine is welcome outside the village; When the guest arrives at the door, the host will call the door and inform the hostess at home that she will sing and open the door to welcome the guests; In front of the guests, the hostess does not climb the stairs.
Taboos of Miao nationality:
1, maternity taboo: maternity, avoid outsiders. The wrong person should wash his feet and drink a bowl of cold water to prevent his mother's milk from being trampled dry. Maternal avoid eating old beef, pork, pheasant, small fish, vegetables, peppers and so on. In some Miao areas, it is forbidden for pregnant women to meet pregnant women or go to other delivery rooms, otherwise the delivery period will be prolonged.
2. Farming taboo: Miao people are forbidden to meet outsiders when they return to their fields for the first time every year. If they meet, they are forbidden to say hello. When planting seedlings, if you see fish in the Miao Di, don't say fish, or the fish will eat the roots of the seedlings. When some villages harvest millet, the ears are small and they are not harvested. If the child asks, don't say no, just say it hasn't grown up, otherwise Xiaomi will refuse to grow any longer because of his sadness. Don't mention mice in Tanaka, for fear of hearing mice come to destroy crops, you can only call them father and son. Avoid May Day. After the first month in beginning of spring, avoid breaking ground and carrying water on May Day.
3. Funeral taboo: In some Miao areas, men are forbidden to die during the day and women are forbidden to die at night. Think that the time is wrong, the deceased must be accompanied by another deceased of the opposite sex. Therefore, he was unwell when he died. When he lost his family, he often asked the wizard to recite the spell and change it. At the same time, he made a palm-sized wooden coffin to be buried with him, indicating that he had a companion. Avoid putting non-silver metals such as iron and copper, cotton and things coated with tung oil in the coffin, thinking that the deceased can't buy water to drink on the way back to the East, and iron and copper will toss talents to death. In some Miao areas, the dead people in the village can go to work on the same day, but ... the rest > >
Miao people's living customs
It is forbidden for outsiders to ride horses, drive cattle, carry loads and enter the stockade unkempt; When entering the Dai bamboo house, you should take off your shoes outside the door and walk gently inside. You can't sit above or across the fireplace, enter the owner's inner room, or sit on the threshold; Can't move the tripod of the fireplace, can't push the fire; Don't whistle and cut your nails at home; Don't use clothes as pillows, and don't sit on pillows; When hanging clothes, the coat should be hung at a high place, and the pants and skirts should be hung at a low place; Take off your shoes when entering the Buddhist temple, and avoid touching the head, Buddha statue, spear, banner and other Buddhist sacred objects of the young monk.