Health: the proportion is only 12%
First, let's focus on a set of statistics. At present, there are 4 million people engaged in sports in Russia, of whom 269,000 can win the top three in various competitions, and only about 500 have reached the Olympic level. This data tells people that only 1 out of 8000 people is likely to win a medal and get a jaw-dropping bonus to become a rich man. According to the data of the Federal Sports and Sports Medicine Center of the Russian Ministry of Health, only 12% of people who have achieved brilliant sports results are healthy.
This set of data shows the cruelty of reality: most children failed to become rich, most parents failed to make their children become Jackie Chan, and most athletes lost their health.
Heart: perfect but easy to get hurt
In order to make the body "bear" the overload caused by strenuous exercise, the athletes' hearts began to change. The changed heart, the so-called athlete's heart, can pump 150- 160 ml blood into the artery in one contraction, while the average person's data is only 50-60 ml. Athletes' hearts can beat 180 times per minute, while ordinary people can only beat 130 times per minute in a very frightened situation. Igor, director of the Sports Medicine Center of the Russian Ministry of Health and a Russian meritorious doctor? Professor Ivanov said that the shape of athletes' hearts has indeed become perfect, but unfortunately, its potential has been advanced.
Athletes' cardiovascular system will produce many branches after a period of routine training. In order to make the "branched" heart continue to work normally, athletes must also force their bodies to be in motion after retirement. Ali, the boxing champion, insisted on running 5- 10 km every morning before the stroke, which is the reason.
A study led by poliakov, a professor at Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, shows that two-thirds of young athletes' heart function has changed. It can be said that athletes' hearts are more likely to be injured than normal people's hearts.
Brain: unbalanced development.
It has always been thought that accelerating blood circulation can improve the metabolism of the brain, that is to say, engaging in sports can make the mind more agile and strengthen the ability to analyze the environment. But this is not the case.
Sergei, director of the Department of Embryology, Institute of Human Morphology, Russian Academy of Sciences? Zavelli's point of view is that the enhancement of cerebral blood circulation is not all, but individual areas. It depends on the actual needs to improve the blood volume in different areas of the brain. The metabolism of athletes' brains is accelerated, but it is only in the central area that controls motor activity, motor function and motor coordination, which makes the sensory motor area of brain stem and surrounding central sulcus developed. Of course, moderate physical activities, such as walking in the forest, can make the brain develop in an all-round way, but in high-intensity exercise, the brain works completely according to another mechanism. If human beings practice the balance beam as a whole, then what is negative? 1? 7? 1? 7? 1? The brain stem that coordinates motor skills is naturally developed, but the area responsible for memory and intelligence will not develop too much.
Finally, when an athlete stops exercising, the area in his brain responsible for sports function is "neglected", which leads to serious ischemia and chronic discomfort of the retired athletes. In real life, athletes who have made brilliant achievements in the past are often easily excited, unable to control their emotions and often drink too much.
Bone and joint: The problem is very serious.
Even if the athletes' brain motor function remains normal, the osteochondrosis, ligaments and tendons are no longer the same as before. They have been badly worn or damaged and can never be recovered. Zurab, a general sports doctor in Moscow and director of the Practice Center of Moscow Academy of Sports Medicine? Olchonikje said that most people have seen something translucent and shiny on the surface of bovine joints, and so have the bones in the human body. It is called articular cartilage, which has unique smooth characteristics and will never make people feel jointed. But this cartilage is very fragile and recovers very, very slowly in the case of injury. In the process of exercise load, it is worn out, and joint diseases will appear because of frequent overload, contusion and trauma, but the terrible thing is that it begins to appear with the growth of age, and the damaged cartilage makes its owner restless forever.
In addition, the material exchange in athletes' bone tissue is accelerated, which leads to the loss of calcium, osteoporosis, essential trace elements and vitamins, and accelerates the overall aging of athletes' bodies.
The situation of female athletes is even worse.
In order to be able to run 40 km cross-country running, 30 rounds of boxing, 10 km swimming and 3 hours of football practice every day, people will be forced to work hard (in extreme cases), and the adrenaline level in athletes' blood will often rise, several times higher than the limit index. In order to bear the overload pressure, the brain needs to get 8 times higher nerve medium than usual.
Stratna, an endocrinologist at the Sports Medicine Center of the Russian Ministry of Health? Nazari believes that long-term strenuous exercise causes the whole endocrine system to "age" ahead of schedule and the thyroid gland becomes bigger. The lack of thyroxine will lead to ovarian dysfunction, causing serious problems such as menstrual disorder and infertility. Igor? Professor Ivanov said that in 15 years after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, athletes were in a state of no medical security, and 70% of female athletes suffered from serious gynecological diseases, and adrenaline was insufficient or even exhausted. Adrenal gland works normally when the load reaches the peak, and completely loses its function when the load is insufficient. In this disease, people have to force themselves to do the simplest work, just like suffering from chronic fatigue.
Finally, the athletes' endocrine system suffered the last heavy blow when they stopped training. Once an athlete stops exercising, his body will immediately adapt to the new situation. Under the background of thyroxine crisis, the exchange process will be destroyed immediately, leading to malnutrition or obesity.
Excessive mental stress damages the heart.
Stress and blow can cause mental stress. The two most powerful mental tensions are the adaptation to exercise load and the adaptation to altitude hypoxia. Russian football doctors equate the mental stress caused by a two-week ban with myocardial infarction. And how many times can a person bear a heart attack?
The life of athletes is a problem that easily makes people nervous. Extreme training is a kind of mental tension. I feel nervous when I score, but I feel nervous when I don't score. You are nervous when you win, and nervous when you lose. Going abroad for exercise will make you nervous when you get home. In a word, an athlete has to experience several times of mental stress in a short week of high-intensity exercise.
In the case of high tension, the potential that was originally used for a lifetime began to be recovered in advance, and this reserve will never be recovered. Professor Zavelli said that human life has potential, but it is not endless. If this potential is exhausted at once, life may come to an end.
The human heart beats 8 billion times in a balanced state, which is enough for people to live to 150 years old. Even in the harsh ecological and fast-paced conditions of the metropolis, the myocardium is enough for people to live to 70 years old. The average life expectancy of athletes may be only 2/3 of this data.
The problem is not just the heart. For example, the survival time of red blood cells in middle-aged people is 80 hours, while athletes and residents near the North Pole may be 40 hours. In fact, nerve cells will not recover, but they will die within the time of contusion and inflammation.
It is urgent to protect the health of athletes.
There is no doubt that not every athlete has a disease. But how many years have they had a brilliant sports career? This question is difficult to answer. However, most doctors think that only 12% athletes are really healthy. The most vulnerable parts of each particular person will be injured first under overload, and the most vulnerable systems of the body, such as the heart, kidneys and organs supporting exercise, will bear the brunt.