Prevention and treatment: We should eat less high-fat food, sugar and spicy food, such as spicy food. You should always wash the affected area with warm water. You can also use medical equipment to squeeze out blackheads and blackheads, so as to avoid the injury caused by hand squeezing, avoid using cosmetics containing more oil and taking iodine drugs and sebum steroids for a long time.
Acne is a kind of skin disease, which seriously affects the beauty of appearance. The influence on appearance is not limited to the onset period, but may also be regretted for life because of the scars left. Throughout its pathogenesis, it can be generally divided into the following categories:
1. Endocrine disorder: Endocrine disorder promotes excessive sebum secretion, which can not be excreted and blocks hair follicles, creating a prerequisite for acne. The sebaceous glands of the skin have a androgen receptor, and some people have sensitive receptors, so if the secretion of hormones changes slightly, it will affect the secretion of sebum. Some women will find acne sprouting around the menstrual cycle, or when they stay up late and are stressed.
2. Abnormal keratosis of hair follicle: The upper stratum corneum of normal hair follicle mouth is thin and easy to fall off, thus ensuring the smooth flow of hair follicle mouth and sebum. On the other hand, the stratum corneum becomes thicker and is not easy to fall off, and the sebum that comes and goes will be blocked in the hair follicle mouth, forming acne. Excess sebum of bacteria will block capillary pores, and the environment with less oxygen and more fat is conducive to bacterial reproduction, leading to inflammation, especially before tension or menstruation, which will lead to transient acne.
3. Nervous system: Being too nervous or worried will stimulate the production of renal glands. Renal gland hormone itself can carry out the normal growth of androgen, and then stimulate the secretion of oil.
4. Sex hormones: Some women will have oily skin in adulthood, mostly because their sebaceous glands easily absorb male hormones and stimulate sebum secretion.
5. Food: Overeating, food accumulation in the body without enough digestive tract, indigestion, poor excretion of waste toxins, and hobbies for high-sugar drinks, fried foods and seafood will all lay the groundwork for acne.
6. Climate: The secretion of subcutaneous fat will naturally increase with the increase of external temperature, so the skin mixed in winter will become oily skin in summer.
7. Improper skin care products: oily skin care products are only suitable for the maintenance of dry skin. On the contrary, hair follicles will be blocked, making it difficult to excrete skin oil.
8. Lack of sleep: Lack of sleep will cause metabolic disorder, and the skin will change from healthy weak acidity to alkalinity, losing its bactericidal effect.
9. Developmental period: the hormones in adolescent males increase sharply, sebaceous glands are overdeveloped, hair follicles are keratinized seriously, and sebum cannot be eliminated smoothly, causing acne.
10. Ultraviolet rays: After some products with high sun protection coefficient are irradiated by sunlight, the molecules of sun protection products can easily penetrate into the skin, thus blocking pores, affecting the normal secretion of oil and increasing the probability of acne formation. In this case, first clean the skin thoroughly, steam your face with ozone, so that the pores are completely opened, and then remove the blackheads embedded in the pores one by one.
1 1. drugs: inappropriate contraceptives and some antibiotics may disturb the hormone balance system and produce excessive sebum overflow.
Necessary conditions for acne formation:
Stratum corneum: stratum corneum is the outermost tissue of the skin, and 28 days is a metabolic cycle of the outermost stratum corneum. If the stratum corneum is abnormally metabolized and thickened, sebaceous glands will not be discharged normally, which provides conditions for acne.
Sebaceous glands: the source of oil glands secreted by the skin. Oil glands are secreted all year round to keep the skin moist, but the secretion is particularly strong in spring and summer, and the secretion ability of sebaceous glands varies from person to person. People with particularly strong oil secretion have oily skin. If the stratum corneum is thick, it is easy to block pores and form acne.
Causes of acne:
Thick stratum corneum+exuberant sebum secretion = white-headed acne
Whitehead acne+surface acidification/oxidation = blackhead acne
Acne+cell fiber thickening = nodular acne
Nodular acne+Acne bacillus = inflamed acne.
Inflammation, redness, acne+bacterial growth, cross infection = cluster acne.
The whole process of acne growth:
What is the process of a acne from birth, growth, maturity to withering, and then to experience? Now let's have a look!
1. Sebum secreting oil gland;
2. The stratum corneum thickens, and the oil gradually swells out to the cortical surface;
3. The stratum corneum bulges, the pores are blocked by oil, and the bulged apex turns black;
4. Bacteria are mixed with oil in pores;
5. The whole hair follicle turns red and inflamed;
6. Bacteria spread to nearby skin tissues and become larger;
7. After applying ointment or strengthening cleaning, the inflammation is reduced;
8. There is an opening in the stratum corneum where pus is discharged from the skin and the wound heals again.
Relationship between acne and hormones
Male hormones are found to be the culprit of acne, which will affect the physiological metabolism of sebaceous glands in hair follicles, increase the secretion of sebaceous glands and cause keratin embolism in pores. Therefore, men's skin is rough and greasy and prone to acne.
Because of the protection of estrogen, women have soft and smooth skin, fine pores and feminine charm. However, in the first 1-2 weeks of a woman's menstruation, that is, the luteal phase, the ovary will secrete lutein hormone and androgen, which will lead to the thickening of keratin and the increase of oil secretion, which is easy to cause acne, so many people are prone to acne from the first 7 days of the cycle to 10.
In addition, when the body is tired after staying up late under pressure, the adrenal gland will secrete sebaceous ketone, which is similar to androgen and will also affect the metabolism of pores. It is precisely because of these endocrine fluctuations that acne will recur.
How hormone problems affect the occurrence of acne
Many women regard acne caused by hormones as "endocrine disorder" and suspect that women's uterus and ovary function is not perfect, and then turn to obstetrics and gynecology to use drugs to regulate menstruation. In fact, careful analysis shows that only a few of these women really have excessive androgen secretion and ovarian or adrenal diseases. The vast majority of women are physically and mentally unbalanced because of stress, or their bodies are sensitive to androgens, rather than acne caused by endocrine disorders.
1. Under normal circumstances, women with physical and mental disorders also have a small amount of androgen, two-thirds of which come from the ovary and the other one-third from the adrenal gland. Staying up late, lack of sleep, nervousness, anxiety, fatigue and psychological stress. It's just that you are angry at ordinary times, which will make the adrenal gland secrete extra hormones to cope with the burden of the body. One of these hormones is androgen, so it will affect the secretion of sebaceous glands in hair follicles and cause acne.
The control center of the brain center for female hormone secretion, hypothalamus and pituitary gland are also affected by sleep cycle and emotional response, which is prone to irregular menstruation and ovulation.
People who sleep in disorder and like to stay up late will have trouble resting their adrenal glands. Analysis of their urine will contain a lot of adrenaline, which can be used as stress anxiety.
2. Adults who overreact to androgen have acne, sometimes it is not necessarily that androgen secretion is too strong. Some people are sensitive to androgens for physical reasons. Even if the concentration of androgen in blood test is normal, it is easy to grow more acne or thicker hair.
Recent studies have shown that the phenomenon that skin is particularly sensitive to androgen may be that sebaceous glands in hair follicles contain more androgen receptors or more testosterone reductase, which will enhance the effect of androgen on hair follicles. The concentration of androgen in the blood of these patients is within the normal range, but the sebaceous glands of the skin overreact to it, which leads to hyperkeratosis of hair follicles and accumulation of acne, and then evolves into acne.
This sensitive phenomenon of androgen is mostly related to heredity. These people will be constantly stimulated by androgen to produce acne, rather than endocrine disorders. The use of antiandrogen drugs has a good effect on these women, and symptoms such as acne and hirsutism can be improved after treatment.
Adult acne usually occurs in the U-shaped part.
Adult acne easily occurs in the U-shaped part of the face, which is also the distribution area of male beard. The growth of beard is dominated by androgen. Hair follicles here are particularly sensitive to male hormones and secrete hormones more easily than other parts of the face. After some women go to work in the society, because of the great pressure, the secretion of androgen becomes vigorous, which not only leads to acne on women's chin, but even hair similar to beard.
Male hormone sensitivity increases, making women have acne on their chin and long hair.
3. Potential diseases Although the endocrine system of most adult acne patients is normal, a few patients do have a high concentration of androgen, usually accompanied by hirsutism, abnormal menstruation and masculinity. Common situations are:
1. Polycystic ovary syndrome: This is the most common cause of high testosterone in men. Follicles cannot mature and discharge normally, and many small follicles will accumulate on the ovary, so it is called polycystic ovary. Long-term poor ovulation leads to abnormal secretion of androgen by ovaries, so irregular menstruation, difficulty in conception, or other male signs may occur.
2. Hyperplasia or hyperfunction of adrenal gland: The adrenal gland will convert androgen into adrenocortical hormone. If there is any problem in the conversion process, it will lead to abnormal hypersecretion of androgen.
3. Ovarian or adrenal tumors: In rare cases, tumors secreting androgens grow on ovaries or adrenal glands. What is special in this case is that the phenomenon of male chauvinism will suddenly appear and deteriorate rapidly.
4. Drugs: Taking some drugs may lead to an increase in androgen and masculinity.
Irregular menstrual period is a problem for many female friends, and it is easy to happen when the work and rest situation changes. In addition, hormone imbalance is also a common cause, which can be known by blood tests on the third day of menstruation, including female hormones, lactation hormones and thyroxine. And it can be adjusted by taking medicine. Please accept a detailed examination and prescribe the right medicine. Correct diagnosis must rely on ultrasound, computed tomography or magnetic resonance photography; The treatment of ovarian or adrenal tumors requires surgical resection.
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Listen to what the experts say;
Annoying acne
CCTV International February 5, 2004 16:03
1 Chen Yong, deputy chief physician of dermatology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been engaged in dermatology of traditional Chinese medicine 17 years, and has done a lot of research on the treatment of cosmetic dermatoses, psoriasis, dermatitis and eczema, pruritic dermatoses and sexually transmitted diseases. (Left)
2. Beijing North host (right)
Moderator: Hello, audience friends! This is CCTV's live program "The Road to Health", and today we will talk about acne.
Have you ever had acne?
Jingbei: I have acne in high school, and I feel very painful.
Moderator: First of all, let's look at the situation of several people with acne through a short film:
Doctor: Today, there are seven experts who have hung up the number 100. Recently, there are more people who see acne, accounting for about one third. Because students have a holiday, children see more acne.
Reporter: According to statistics, about 80% of teenagers and 50% of adults suffer from acne. Why?
Student: Maybe I ate too much, and then I secreted too much oil and ran to my face.
Student: I think it's caused by fatigue.
Student: It may be caused by endocrine disorders.
Reporter: Through interviews, we found that the psychological pain caused by acne is no less than the disease itself.
Student: I feel really bad after getting acne, which mainly affects my appearance.
Student: I used some facial cleanser before.
Student: I bought all the medicine I could, and it didn't work.
Moderator: Are these adolescent troubles closely related to this specific period of adolescence?
Chen Yong: That's true. 80% of teenagers have experienced acne, which shows that the incidence of this disease is very high in adolescence, and it really has a great relationship with the characteristics of adolescent physical development in this period. The main cause of acne is endocrine disorder, which refers to sex hormones, and the development of gonads generally does not mature until adolescence. For example, girls begin to menstruate, boys begin to grow Adam's apple, and sexual characteristics appear. At this time, they began to secrete sex hormones. Just like a toddler, he is wavering at first and slowly looking for a sense of balance. So is the endocrine system. At first, it may be unstable, which will lead to endocrine disorders and acne.
Jingbei: I remember when I was in high school, I had pimples all over my forehead. But why do some people get acne after puberty?
Chen Yong: Accurately speaking, acne usually occurs in adolescence. In fact, endocrine disorders are the most fundamental cause of acne. In addition to physiological reasons, there are actually many pathological factors that lead to endocrine disorders and acne, so the age of onset of acne is expanding now. According to my clinical situation, it is not uncommon for girls 10- 12 years old to get acne, and boys 12 years old to get acne. There are still many people in their thirties and forties who still have acne, which is caused by various pathological factors.
Jingbei: Is acne related to heredity and skin properties?
Chen Yong: Acne is related to heredity. Whether a person has acne, at what age and where he grows it are largely determined by genetic factors. If you have acne after puberty, or if you have severe acne during adolescence, it is often caused by other factors, such as diet, constipation, fatigue, nervousness and poor sleep. There are also nutritional factors, cosmetics and so on.
Moderator: Why does acne get worse after eating spicy food?
Chen Yong: Some western theories think that acne will not grow in diet, but in fact, for example, after eating spicy food, acne will get worse. Through research, it is found that some diets may not cause endocrine disorders, but they will aggravate the secretion of sebaceous glands and make sebaceous glands secrete more and more oil. After the sebaceous glands are overactive, they will secrete more and more oil, which will easily lead to blockage and acne.
Jingbei: Sometimes if you work too hard, you will get some pimples.
Moderator: Let's look at the experience of a makeup artist: Zhang Shuai, a 24-year-old professional makeup artist, won the title of Top Ten Makeup Artists in China in 2002. His biggest worry at present is that his face is covered with acne.
Zhang Shuai: I think it makes people feel less confident than wearing an ugly skirt.
Reporter: Every day, Zhang Shuai is busy with all kinds of performances on TV and makeup modeling of magazine covers. His life is too busy to even talk about the word "regularity".
Zhang Shuai: About a month or two ago, the pimples on my face suddenly grew up. I think I know all the factors that cause acne, such as frequent smoking and diet. I also tried some acne drugs on the market, which may be the reason why I didn't stick to it. The effect is not very good, and there is no systematic treatment.
Chen Yong: According to the number of acne and the severity of infection, we divide acne into mild, moderate and different grades. As shown in the picture, this is an inflammatory nodular acne with a large and hard rash. More people are actually small acne like this, which is caused by the hair follicle mouth just being blocked, and the infection is not serious. At this time, active treatment has a good effect. Internationally, acne is divided into four grades. The first grade is the lightest, and the second grade has some small papules caused by infection. In the third grade, it was a bit like the situation in Zhang Shuai. In the fourth grade, it was heavy. There are scars and cysts, which are easy to cause facial disfigurement. The severity of acne has genetic factors, but more importantly, acquired factors. If the infection had been treated and controlled in time, it would not have developed so seriously. Once it reaches the worst stage, it is difficult to treat.
Jingbei: I remember when I was at school, I had pimples on my forehead and felt ugly, so I combed my bangs to cover it up. I also put a small mirror on the table, just look at it if you have nothing to do.
Chen Yong: Actually, it is not good to block it with hair, because it is difficult to block it with hair at first. More importantly, long-term stimulation of hair will aggravate infection. Others will use heavy makeup to cover acne, which is not good, so it will grow longer and more after blocking pores. So I think hosts, actors and other people who have to put on makeup because of their work must take off their makeup after work.
Moderator: Ms. Xu from Beijing, 28 years old. I have acne in adolescence. Later, after puberty, acne developed before and after menstruation. Last year, after I gave birth, I began to grow again, and it was worse than before. What's going on here?
Chen Yong: As mentioned earlier, the age of onset of acne is expanding now, and the endocrine disorders that lead to acne are physiological and pathological. Due to the change of diet structure and the increase of life pressure, the incidence of acne does have an exaggerated trend, so that the medical community now has a new academic ranking for acne. For example, this lady is still growing from adolescence to childbirth, which is medically called persistent acne. This kind of acne has some pathological factors, so we need to go to the hospital for careful examination to see if it is caused by digestive system problems or neurological dysfunction, nutrition, environment and other reasons, and then treat it symptomatically.
Jingbei: I remember I was very anxious when I got acne, and I couldn't wait to be cured immediately.
Chen Yong: Actually, we can understand patients' feelings about skin diseases that grow on their faces, but there are several important points in treating acne: First, we must have confidence and be cured. Second, be patient, because acne is a chronic disease and easy to recur. Third, we must have perseverance. Treatment of acne cannot be done once and for all.
Jingbei: I was once advised to treat acne with hormones. Is this correct?
Chen Yong: The endocrine disorder that causes acne mainly refers to the imbalance of sex hormone level, more precisely, the high androgen level. After the androgen level is too high, the sebaceous glands function excessively and hypertrophy, which is why men's skin usually looks rougher than women's. In addition, the increase of androgen is easy to block the sebaceous duct of hair follicle. Theoretically, if the androgen level is too high, it should be effective to supplement some estrogen to fight androgen, and the short-term clinical effect is indeed true, but I do not advocate all patients to do so, because it is a hormonal drug after all. For example, if a balance is out of balance, we don't look for the reason, but simply add a weight to balance it. Although it seems to have achieved a balanced effect recently, the weight will always be taken down. Of course, estrogen can't be eaten for a lifetime, and estrogen itself has some adverse side effects.
Moderator: Some netizens asked, since it is related to endocrine, some acne products on the market are aimed at degreasing and cleaning. Is this misleading?
Chen Yong: Endocrine disorder leads to local acne, mainly due to the action of androgen, which leads to increased oil secretion, blocked sebaceous ducts in hair follicles, poor excretion and bacterial infection. Treatment, especially for external use, is firstly to reduce oil secretion, secondly to dredge pores, and thirdly to diminish inflammation and control inflammation. Therefore, acne products on the market are all from these aspects, not misleading consumers. But this is only external treatment, and the most fundamental treatment for acne is internal medicine. If it's just endocrine disorder and occasional mild acne, local medication is enough, and there is no need to take medicine to regulate endocrine. However, if it is a long-term recurrent acne patient, it is necessary to actively treat it from the inside. To treat acne by regulating endocrine, we must determine the cause of endocrine disorders through strict examination and laboratory tests under the guidance of doctors, and then treat the symptoms. In addition, it is necessary to determine the exact cause of external use, and then use drugs according to symptoms. Improper use will bring bad consequences, so you'd better ask a doctor to help you judge.
Moderator: Let's take a look at Zhang Shuai's treatment process:
Doctor (Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine): I now see that his acne is not only numerous, but also seriously infected, and it is painful and hard to the touch, belonging to nodular. I think the first step is to control the infection, so that the sequelae will be lighter and the damage to the appearance will be less. After controlling the infection, we will take measures to reduce oil production and eliminate acne, and then it will gradually fade away, which will take some time. At present, taking some traditional Chinese medicines to regulate endocrine, so as not to grow new acne. At the same time, it is combined with external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine to reduce oil, then dredge pores, and no blisters will grow after the blockage is eliminated.
Reporter: The doctor also advised him to do beauty.
Doctor: The beauty outside is mainly life beauty and skin care. The beauty of the hospital is mainly based on treatment.
Main steps of traditional Chinese medicine cosmetology
1, needle cleaning
2, the application of traditional Chinese medicine mask
Chen Yong: One of the characteristics of TCM is its emphasis on the holistic view. For example, acne seems to be a skin problem, but Chinese medicine believes that it is related to the physiological and pathological state of the whole internal organs of the human body. Therefore, Chinese medicine emphasizes syndrome differentiation and treatment in the treatment of acne.
Moderator: Let's take a look at the treatment of Zhang Shuai:
Zhang Shuai: It used to be acne, but now it's flat. I'm just worried that these marks may fall off. Will it grow after stopping taking medicine?
Chen Yong: In medicine, acne marks are called pigmentation after inflammation. After the red rash subsides, there will definitely be some black marks. It should be said that you don't have to worry about these marks, even if you don't treat them, they will disappear. Of course, this process may take a long time. If some people are anxious, they can also cooperate with some traditional Chinese medicine masks to promote their regression.
Jingbei: There is a saying that whether you will leave marks has something to do with squeezing pustules. Is that so?
Chen Yong: Yes, squeezing will aggravate the infection. If the infection is serious, the inflammation will be aggravated. After the inflammation gets worse, pigmentation will definitely get worse.
Moderator: Is recurrence inevitable?
Chen Yong: We can't rely on drugs to prevent diseases. Now that we know the inducing factors of acne, we can prevent it from these factors, such as not eating too sweet, too spicy and too oily food, not eating too many snacks and living a regular life.
preventive measure
1, eat less greasy, sugary, spicy and irritating foods and alcoholic beverages.
2, eat more vegetables, fruits, drink plenty of water, keep the stool unobstructed.
3. Wash your face with warm water and boric acid soap or sulfur soap.
4. Don't squeeze your own acne.
5. Don't use external drugs without authorization, especially hormone drugs.
6. Use less oily and powdery cosmetics.
7. Ensure 8 hours of sleep every day, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, and avoid long-term mental stress.
Moderator: Mr. Li from Qingdao, 25 years old. Is acne related to mites?
Chen Yong: Mites should also be a pathogenic factor of acne, but it is not the only factor. You should go to the hospital for examination. There are many reasons for acne.
References:
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