Question 2: What is hazard identification? Hazard source refers to the position, area, place, space, post, equipment and its position in the system that has the potential danger of releasing energy and substances, can cause personal injury and can be transformed into accidents under the action of certain triggering factors. Its essence is the source point or position with potential danger, the source of accidents, the core of energy and dangerous substances concentration, and the place where energy comes out or erupts. Danger exists in a certain system, and the scope of danger is different in different systems.
Hazard identification is the process of hazard risk analysis, state description, risk classification and control measures formulation.
Hazard identification covers all places and activities, including the activities of relevant parties on site and planned activities.
―― Normal hazards (such as the danger of normal operation of equipment and dust during normal cleaning of equipment), abnormal hazards (such as the danger of failure of equipment safety device and dust when ventilation device fails) and emergency hazards (such as accident risk and leakage risk) should be considered during identification;
―― Hazard sources in the past (accidents that have occurred), present (existing dangers) and future (possible dangers in the future) should be considered during identification;
-The description of hazard sources should include hazard sources, that is, the first type of hazard sources: energy (energy source or energy carrier) or dangerous substances that exist and may be accidentally released; The description of hazards should also include the direct cause and process of hazards, that is, the second type of hazards: unsafe behavior of people who may cause accidents or injuries, unsafe state of things, unfavorable factors in working environment, management defects, etc.
-refer to GB/T 1386 1 to describe the hazards;
-The description of the hazard source shall include the injured object and the consequences caused by the danger; The consequences should be classified according to GB644 1
Question 3: When do you need to identify hazards? Any process related to production needs to identify hazards. There are four kinds of hazards and harmful factors in the production process: human factors, material factors, environmental factors and management factors. The newly added equipment and the lack of timely things will also cause injuries for three other reasons.
In the process of moving the working procedure out of the office, hazards will also occur due to personnel overload, command error, insufficient strength of handling equipment, and lack of protection.
Question 4: What is a dangerous source?
Definition: the source or state that may lead to death, injury, occupational disease, property loss, damage to working environment or a combination of these situations. Hazard sources should consist of three elements: potential hazards, existing conditions and trigger factors. Hazard sources in industrial production are generally divided into five categories.
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Question 5: What are the steps of hazard identification? Pay attention to the following steps when identifying hazards: 1. Determine the distribution of hazards and risk factors, summarize all kinds of hazards and risk factors, and determine the comprehensive data of hazards and risk factors and their distribution in the enterprise. 2. Determine the contents of risks and dangerous factors In order to facilitate the analysis of risks and dangerous factors and prevent omissions, it is recommended to analyze the existing risks and dangerous factors according to the site, layout, buildings (structures), materials, production processes and equipment, auxiliary production facilities (including public works) and the hazards of the working environment, and register them in the list. 3. Determine the way of injury (harm) Injury (harm) refers to the way of causing harm to human body and damaging human health. Such as squeezing, biting, bumping and shearing. Poisoning target organs, abnormal physiological functions, and forms of damage to physiological structures (such as mucosal erosion, autonomic nervous dysfunction, asphyxia, etc.). ), alveolar dust, pulmonary fibrosis, lung tissue canceration, etc. 4. Determine the way and scope of injury (injury). Most dangerous and harmful factors are caused by direct contact with human body. For example, the explosion is caused by shock waves, flames and flying objects in a certain space; Poison acts on human body through direct contact (respiratory tract, esophagus, skin mucosa, etc.). ) or air passing through the breathing zone in a certain area; Noise impairs hearing through air at a certain distance. 5. Determine the main hazard sources and risk factors, and focus on analyzing the direct and induced causes of accidents, so as to provide a basis for determining evaluation objectives, evaluation priorities, dividing evaluation units, selecting evaluation methods and taking control measures. 6. When determining the major risks and hazardous factors, we should prevent omissions, especially the risks and hazardous factors that may lead to major accidents. We should pay special attention to them and not ignore them. It is necessary to analyze not only the dangerous and harmful factors in normal production operation and operation, but also the dangerous and harmful factors that may cause serious consequences due to equipment and device damage and operational errors.
Question 6: Types of hazard identification Major hazard sources are divided into production sites and storage areas. According to the different characteristics of substances, according to the names of the following four substances (refer to GB 12268- 1990 List of Dangerous Goods) and their critical quantities, determine the major hazards in the production site. List of Dangerous Goods GB12268-2005 (released on July 26th, 2005 and implemented on July 26th, 2005 +0 1-0 1) replaces GB 12268- 1990. A) See table 1 for the names and critical quantities of explosive substances. Table 1 explosive substance name and critical quantity serial number; Name of substance; Critical quantity of production site and critical quantity of storage area; T 1 mercury (acid) 0.1.2 nitroglycerin 0.1.3 dinitrodiazophenol 0. 1.04 diethylene glycol dinitrate 0./kloc-0. Barium nitride 0. 1. 1.7 lead azide 0.1.8 lead trinitrresorcinol 0. 1.6 hexanitrodiphenylamine 550102,4,6-trinitrophenol 5 550. 6- trinitrobenzene amine 550122,4,6-trinitrobenzene amine 5 50 13 trinitrobenzene methyl ether 550142,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid 5 50 15 dinitrophenol 5 50 16 cyclotrimethyl. 6-* * 5 50 18 pentaerythritol tetranitrate 5 50 19 nitrocellulose 10 100 20 ammonium nitrate 25 250 21kloc-0/3,5-trinitrobenzene 5 50 22 2. 6- trinitro-resorcinol 5 50 24- cyclotetramethylene tetranitroamine 5 50 25 hexanitro-1, 2- stilbene 5 50 26 ethyl nitrate 5 5 b) The names and critical quantities of flammable substances are shown in Table 2. Table 2 Name of flammable substance and serial number of critical quantity The material name is critical quantity of production site T critical quantity of storage area T flash point 1 ethane 2 20 >:
Question 7: What does hazard identification include? 1, danger
Hazard source refers to the position, area, place, space, post, equipment and its location where there are potential energy and substances in the system, which can cause personal injury, property loss or environmental damage and can be transformed into accidents under the action of certain triggering factors.
2. Potential accidents
Refers to the production and business operation entities that violate laws, regulations, rules, standards, regulations and the provisions of the safety production system, or have dangerous states, unsafe behaviors and management defects that may lead to accidents in production and business operation activities due to other factors.
The hazard itself is a kind of "root cause", and the hidden danger of accidents may cause the subject to be injured or sick, and may also induce the subject to be injured or sick.
For example, the cylinder containing acetylene burst.
The hazard source is acetylene, which may lead to accidents; The accident hidden danger is the "state" of the accident caused by the rupture of acetylene cylinder.
3. Risk factors
Refers to factors that can cause casualties or sudden damage to things.
4. Harmful factors
Refers to factors that can affect people's health, cause diseases or cause chronic damage to things.
5. Identification of hazardous and harmful factors
The process of determining the existence and size of dangerous and harmful factors is generally called dangerous and harmful factors.
6. Dangerous and harmful factors.
(1), energy, harmful substances
A, energy is the ability to do work, which can not only benefit mankind, but also cause casualties or property losses; All energy sources and energy carriers that generate and supply energy may be dangerous and harmful factors under certain conditions.
B, harmful substances under certain conditions can damage the physiological function and normal metabolic function of the human body, damage the efficiency of equipment and articles, and is also the most fundamental hazard factor.
(2), out of control
Faults (including production, control, safety devices and auxiliary facilities, etc.). )
B, human error
C, management defects
D environmental factors such as temperature, wind, rain, lightning, lighting, etc. will cause equipment failure or personnel error.
Second, the identification method of hazard sources
Identification of general hazards
(1), according to GB/T13861-1992 "Classification and code of hazardous and harmful factors in production process" (types).
-Physical hazards and risk factors
-Chemical hazards and risk factors
-Biological hazards and risk factors
-Physiological risks and risk factors
Psychological risk and harmful factors
-Human behavioral risks and risk factors
-Other dangerous and harmful factors
I. Physical hazards and hazard factors
B, chemical hazards and hazardous factors
C, biological hazards and hazard factors
D, physiological risks and hazard factors
Abnormal health, engaging in taboo operations, etc.
E. Psychological risk and risk factors
Psychological abnormality; Identify functional defects, etc.
F, human behavior risk, harm
Command error, operation error, monitoring error, etc.
G. other dangerous and harmful factors.
(2) According to GB 6441-KLOC-0/986 "Classification of Casualty Accidents of Enterprise Employees".
Object impact
-Vehicle injuries
-Mechanical injury
-Lifting injuries
-Electric shock
be drowned
burn
-It's on fire
-Falling from a height
-Collapse
-Blasting (blasting)
-Chemical explosion (gas explosion, gunpowder explosion)
-Physical explosion (boiler explosion, container explosion)
-Other explosions
Poisoning and suffocation
-Other injuries
(3) Identify according to the accident data of domestic and foreign peers and the experience of relevant staff.
(4), the four basic elements of the accident.
-Unsafe behavior of people
-Unsafe state of things
-Unsafe conditions in the environment
-Management deficiencies
Third, the evaluation and classification of hazard sources
1, right and wrong judgment method
According to the accident data of the same industry at home and abroad and the experience of relevant staff, it is directly judged as an important risk factor.
2. Risk assessment method of operating conditions
Namely LEC method: when it is impossible to directly judge or determine whether it is an important risk factor, this method is used to evaluate whether it is an important risk factor.
Risk value (d) = possibility of accident or danger (l) * frequency of exposure to dangerous environment (e) * possible consequences of accident (c)
This is a semi-quantitative assessment method, which is used to assess the risk when working in a potentially dangerous environment. It uses the product of the index values of three factors related to the system risk rate to evaluate the casualty risk of system personnel. These three factors are: l is the possibility of accidents; E is the frequency of human exposure to this dangerous environment; C refers to the loss consequences when the accident occurs.
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