What is the green arrow in the upper right corner of the yellow code?

You should be talking about the needle logo, which means the second needle.

After the second injection, a yellow injection needle will also appear on the upper right of the yellow square frame. The crown and needle are designed to have a more eye-catching sign when people display their health codes in public places, so that health code inspectors can quickly understand your health and vaccination, and also to improve inspection efficiency.