China's first Antarctic inland research station was officially named "China Antarctic Kunlun Station". The location is determined to be 80 degrees 25 minutes 0 1 s south latitude and 77 degrees 06 minutes 58 seconds east longitude, with an altitude of 4087 meters, about 7.3 kilometers southwest of the highest point of the Antarctic inland ice sheet. This is the third Antarctic research station established in China since the Great Wall Station and Zhongshan Station were established in Antarctica. China State Oceanic Administration's Antarctic Kunlun Station announced on June 65438+1October 65438+June 6, 2008: China's 25th Antarctic expedition set off from Shanghai on June 65438+1October 20, and went to the South Pole to carry out tasks such as the construction and investigation of Antarctic inland station, the reconstruction and construction of Zhongshan Station, and the scientific investigation of the Southern Ocean. This means that the construction of the first Antarctic inland station in China has entered the implementation stage. At present, Kunlun Station was successfully completed on June 27th, 2009. On behalf of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and Hu Jintao of president sent messages of condolence to the Antarctic expedition team in China, expressing warm congratulations on the completion of the Antarctic Kunlun Station in China, and sincere greetings to all the expedition team members who overcame difficulties, United and cooperated in the harsh Antarctic environment and made outstanding contributions to the construction of the Antarctic Kunlun Station in China, wishing them a happy holiday, good health and smooth work. When completed, Kunlun Station will become the sixth Antarctic inland station in the world. Sun Zhihui, director of the State Oceanic Administration, said that this will realize the historic leap of China's Antarctic expedition from the edge of Antarctic continent to the inland of Antarctica. The completion of Kunlun Station means that China will become the first developing country to build a station in the Antarctic inland. Wei Wenliang told China Newsweek that although China is a latecomer to the Antarctic and started late, in recent years, with the improvement of national strength and the development of science and technology, the pace of progress is quite fast. "Kunlun Station will be another milestone in China's Antarctic expedition." From the perspective of scientific investigation, there are four points with the most geographical value in Antarctica, namely, the pole, the freezing point (the lowest temperature in Antarctica), the magnetic point and the high point. Previously, the United States established the Amundsen Scott Station at the pole, the eastern part of Russia stood above freezing point, and the magnetic point was the Dumont DeVille Station jointly built by France and Italy. Only dome a, the high point of the ice sheet, has not yet established a scientific research station. On June 65438+1October 65438+1October 8, 2005, the China 2 1 Antarctic expedition team reached the summit of human beings for the first time by land. In June165438+1October of the same year, China conducted its first scientific expedition in the Grove Mountain area between Zhongshan Station and Hail A for 130 days. As it took the lead in completing the expedition to Dome A and Grove Mountain, China finally obtained the approval of the International Antarctic Affairs Committee to set up an investigation station in Dome A.. June 65438+1October 65438+February 2008, China 2 1 Antarctic expedition team boarded Dome A again to make final preparations for building the station. "After years of development, we have the ability to enter the Antarctic inland," said Qu Tanzhou, director of the Polar Investigation Office of the State Oceanic Administration. On June 10, 2008, at the press conference held by the State Oceanic Administration, it was announced that the 25th Antarctic expedition in China would carry out tasks such as the construction and investigation of the Antarctic inland station, the construction and renovation of Zhongshan station, and the scientific investigation of the Southern Ocean. According to reports, the most important task of the 25th Antarctic expedition is to establish the first Antarctic inland research station in China at the highest point of Antarctic inland ice sheet-Hail A, which is the third Antarctic research station established in China after Great Wall Station and Zhongshan Station. After expert argumentation and the State Council's approval, the location of China Antarctic inland research station is determined as 80 degrees 25 minutes 0 1 s south latitude and 77 degrees 06 minutes 58 seconds east longitude, with an altitude of 4,087 meters, which is about 7.3 kilometers southwest of the highest point of Antarctic inland ice sheet. Because the station is located in the ice and snow, the snow layer will accumulate continuously, so considering the annual snow speed, the design life of the station is 10. Editing the title of this paragraph The State Oceanic Administration announced the name of the Antarctic inland station-"China Antarctic Kunlun Station" on June 10, 2008 and June 16, 2008. In this regard, the relevant personnel said that this name is the name of the station collected through the network. First, because of the great significance of "Kunlun" in the history and culture of China, "The Great Wall is a famous cultural landscape in China, and Zhongshan is named after Dr. Sun Yat-sen, while Kunlun is a natural landscape. These names complement each other. " In addition, the station was built at the highest point of the Antarctic continent. "Kunlun" means high mountain, symbolizing commanding heights, so it was finally selected. It is reported that a new Antarctic research station was chosen in this area because of its unique scientific research value in the world. First of all, China people have successfully reached the area A of the ice dome before the world, but ice core drilling can't be completed overnight. It is necessary to establish a long-term research station as a support for drilling ice cores for a long time. Investigation station group "At present, the extreme lowest temperature observed by human beings on the ground in the world is -89.2℃ observed by the former Soviet Union Antarctic Oriental Station, and the annual average temperature of the ice dome where Kunlun Station is located is lower than that of Dongfang Station." Qu Tanzhou, director of the Polar Investigation Office of the State Oceanic Administration, said, "No matter how the climate changes, we still hope to observe the latest global extreme minimum temperature at Kunlun Station." In addition, "establishing an astronomical observatory there is equivalent to observing astronomy on the space station, which is helpful for studying dark matter and dark energy." According to the plan, the near-term goal of Kunlun Station is to build a summer station with 15 to 20 people in summer, and gradually upgrade and expand it into a perennial station after 3 to 5 years to meet the wintering needs of researchers. Dr. Zhang Yi, the chief designer of Kunlun Station and Tsinghua University Institute of Architectural Design, told China Newsweek that the main building area of this design is 348.56 square meters. "Although the area is small, all facilities are available." Zhang Yi said that the whole building is divided into accommodation area, activity area and safety area according to functions, including dormitory, infirmary, scientific observation, satellite communication, kitchen, toilet, toilet, sewage treatment, generator room, boiler room, oxygen generator room and warehouse. The general design principle is to maximize the use of space, not only to meet the needs of various purposes, but also to leave enough space for station staff. "Thousands of kilometers around Fiona Fang Dome A are no man's land, and the landscape is extremely monotonous. They are all white, giving people a feeling of isolation. " Zhang Yi said, "The biggest challenge there is people's psychological pressure, and researchers have to stay at the scientific research station for at least two months. Therefore, in the design of houses, it is necessary to make up for the psychological impact of the environment as much as possible. " Therefore, the interior design and furniture selection of the investigation station mostly adopt warm and gorgeous colors; At the same time, in Kunlun Station, where land is precious, Zhang Yi also designed a multifunctional activity room of nearly 30 square meters. In his view, the most important purpose of this area, which can be used as both a meeting room and a restaurant, is to give the station staff a large enough communication space. "Full communication can significantly alleviate people's loneliness." Zhang Yi believes that this large activity room will become the most frequented place for expedition members, "meeting, eating and chatting can be done". While ensuring the public space, the designer also left a basic private space for each household. At Kunlun Station, * * * has 10 dormitories, each of which is less than 5 square meters, but only two people live, which basically ensures that the contestants will not interfere with each other. Zhang Yi said that this kind of dormitory is a bit like a small box on a train, and it is also a bunk bed, but the bed is wider and longer. There is a space for luggage in the room and a foldable workbench. "At least I will feel comfortable living in it." But this is not an ordinary train box after all. For example, each bedside has an oxygen terminal. Through it, expedition members can supplement oxygen and relieve the discomfort caused by hypoxia. Dome A is located at the highest point in Antarctica and contains only 60% oxygen at sea level. Not only that, the temperature of Dome A is very low, even in summer, the average temperature is around -30℃, and explorers are easy to get tired outdoors. To this end, in addition to taking a shower, Zhang Yi also "squeezed" a bath bucket in the bathroom according to the suggestion of a scientific research team member who had boarded the top of the ice dome A. "It can not only relieve fatigue, but also quickly restore normal body temperature, which should be very useful." Editing this paragraph, it is easy to build a station, but it is not easy to build a scientific research station in Hail A, far away from human settlements, even if it is only a few hundred square meters. Zhang Yi said that the biggest difficulty in the construction of Kunlun Station is the limitation of site construction conditions and transportation capacity. "In Hail A, the construction efficiency is less than half of that in China, leaving only 30 days for construction. It can only be made in advance in China and shipped there. But you can't transport the whole thing well because the carrying capacity of the sled is limited. " The designer first determines the scale of the inspection station according to the carrying capacity of the sled, and then determines the construction mode of combining prefabrication with on-site assembly. The combination of general blocks will lead to the decline of sealing performance and thermal insulation performance. After repeated consideration, the whole scientific research station is finally designed into two parts: internal functional warehouse and external insulation layer. The internal functional warehouse consists of several engineering cabins that can be transported independently. Construction workers will complete each engineering cabin and its interior decoration in China, transport these engineering cabins to igloo A for assembly, and then install thermal insulation envelope on the external site. "This not only reduces the site construction, facilitates transportation, but also ensures the sealing and thermal insulation performance of the building," Zhang Yi said. The interior of the main building of Kunlun Station is basically composed of 17 engineering cabin. Each engineering module is approximately equivalent to a 20-foot container (approximately 6 square meters). In order to resist low temperature, the main structure of Kunlun Station is made of low temperature resistant stainless steel, which can still be used normally at-190℃. Outside the stainless steel structure and combined engineering cabin, there is a composite sandwich insulation board. "The completion of Kunlun Station will mark the first camp for China to enter the construction of Antarctic research station." Zhang Yi said. "This is not only the glory of China people, but also the glory of all mankind," Wei Wenliang told China Newsweek. However, he also stressed that it is much more difficult to stand on Dome A than to build a station. This requires a huge support system and support system, which is much larger than the space station itself. It is understood that after the completion of Kunlun Station, Zhongshan Station, which is about 1.280 km away, will be used as the guarantee base, and all materials must be transported by inland motorcade, which takes about 1.8 days for one trip. Wei Wenliang said that the construction of Kunlun Station will use 12 snowmobiles to transport more than 600 tons of materials to Hail A, and each snowmobile will pull four or six sledges. The whole team is two kilometers long, just like a train. In order to improve transportation efficiency, Wei Wenliang said that China will place fixed-wing aircraft in the Antarctic for inter-station transportation. This will also be the premise for Kunlun Station to upgrade from Duxia Station to Wintering Station. Edit this paragraph to reveal the Kunlun station in Antarctica at the top of the ice dome. On 12, 18, 13, 18, Beijing time, the 25th inland expedition team of China started from the assembly point near Zhongshan Station in Antarctica and went to the Antarctic "Ice Dome"-Area A to build Kunlun Station, the first inland expedition station in China. Why did China build a scientific research station in this area? What problems will inland players face in the process of building a station? What building facilities will be included in the completed Kunlun Station? What are the special humanistic considerations? ..... Wu Jun, deputy director of China Polar Investigation Office, recently accepted an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency, revealing the secrets for China Antarctic Kunlun Station. Knocking on the Peak of Antarctic Science: The Kunlun Station in China Antarctic is extremely cold and lack of oxygen, and it is "inaccessible" ... This is what scholars often say when describing the area A of the ice dome. As for why China decided to choose the address of the first inland scientific research station in such a region with extremely harsh natural conditions, Wu Junyong accurately summed up the considerations of site selection-scientific research hotspots and strategic location. Dome A's special geographical and natural conditions make it an ideal place for a series of scientific research. Wu Jun said that Dome A is a hot spot for international Antarctic scientific research. The establishment of a scientific research station in Dome A and the continuous and in-depth investigation and research in this area are expected to help China break the peak of Antarctic science. Advantages of Dome A List the scientific research advantages of Dome A. Wu Jun said that Dome A is internationally recognized as the most suitable place to drill deep ice cores. At the same time, the global average background atmospheric environment can be monitored and detected in Dome A, and the relevant parameters that can be used to improve the global atmospheric circulation model can be obtained. In addition, dome A is located in the center of the ozone hole, which is the best area to detect the change of the ozone hole. Dome A is also the best place for astronomical observation. Dome A has the best atmospheric transparency and visibility on the earth (the clarity of the images displayed by astronomical telescopes), has the opportunity of continuous observation for three to four months, and has low wind speed. It is recognized by the international astronomical community as the best observation site on the earth. Dome A is also the most challenging place for Antarctic geological research. The subglacial mountain range "Gambochev", the highest point of Antarctic subglacial bedrock, is the direct geomorphological reason for the formation of the ice dome A. Because it is nearly 4000 meters above sea level, it is internationally recognized as the most favorable and meaningful place for the Antarctic inland ice sheet to directly obtain geological samples. It is also of great strategic significance to establish the China inland scientific research station in the area of Hail A. Wu Jun said that from the perspective of Antarctic scientific research and discourse power, there are four most important points in Antarctica: pole, freezing point, magnetic point and high point. The United States, Russia and France have established scientific research stations at the first three points respectively, and only the highest point dome A in the Antarctic inland is still "blank". 98% of Antarctica is covered with ice and snow all year round. Up to now, more than 50 scientific research stations built by various countries are mostly located in exposed rock areas along the coast of the Antarctic continent. Only a few countries such as the United States, Russia, Germany, Japan and France have inland scientific research stations.
Please accept it, thank you!