8. What are the principles of intervention on risk factors of chronic diseases?
It is wise to prevent chronic diseases, comprehensive intervention is effective, and it is more important to prioritize and aim at the lowest risk.
5. When does the prevention of chronic diseases need to start? When will it end?
Chronic diseases are the result of long-term effects of many risk factors. Many unhealthy lifestyles were formed in childhood, and even some chronic diseases began to sprout in childhood. Lipid stripes of early atherosclerosis lesions can be detected in adolescence, so the earlier the chronic diseases are prevented, the better. In addition, some children suffer from chronic childhood diseases. Apart from obesity, hypertension and diabetes are not uncommon in children. Therefore, the prevention of chronic diseases should start early and last for a lifetime. When you are old, it is often "what is done is done."
6. What are the risk factors of chronic diseases? What can I do to intervene?
Age, sex, heredity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, overweight and obesity, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, smoking, excessive mental stress and excessive drinking are all risk factors for chronic diseases. Besides age, sex and genetic background, other risk factors can be intervened.
7. What is the purpose of preventing chronic diseases?
It is to minimize the risk of chronic diseases, delay the occurrence of chronic diseases and prolong people's healthy life, rather than absolutely reducing the number of chronic diseases or deaths.
8. What are the principles of intervention on risk factors of chronic diseases?
It is wise to prevent chronic diseases, comprehensive intervention is effective, and it is more important to prioritize and aim at the lowest risk.
9. Why is comprehensive intervention effective?
There is often a synergistic effect between the risk factors of chronic diseases, that is, when two risk factors exist at the same time, their pathogenic effect is much higher than the sum of the two factors alone. Therefore, comprehensive intervention on all risk factors is the best.
10, why is priority more important?
Although comprehensive intervention has the best effect, it is not easy to control all the risk factors. Because of the differences in personal concepts, living habits, difficulty of intervention and economic affordability, many people always have a choice when controlling risk factors. This requires people to first understand the priorities of intervention, but also calculate the economic accounts. In short, be wise.
Generally speaking, which risk factors are more important for health?
Considering the effect and cost of cardiovascular disease intervention comprehensively, besides the basic intervention on diet, exercise and psychology, we suggest that the priority order of intervention is hypertension → diabetes → smoking → obesity → dyslipidemia → drinking. If carcinogenicity is also considered, the position of quitting smoking should be advanced. Of course, if the situation permits, it is the best state to control all the risk factors in the residence at the same time (the comprehensive intervention effect is good).
12, why is it extremely unwise to say "smoking while taking lipid-lowering drugs"?
In China, the comprehensive health hazards of smoking (including cardiovascular diseases and tumors) are not lower than dyslipidemia, and the cost of quitting smoking is lower than the cost of diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia. However, a common clinical phenomenon is that people smoke cigarettes while eating expensive lipid-lowering drugs. From the perspective of intervention effect and economics, this approach is very unwise. If economic conditions permit, you should choose to quit smoking and reduce blood fat at the same time; If you are in financial difficulties, you should choose to quit smoking first.
13. What else must be considered to determine the priority of individual risk factors intervention?
For a specific person, determining the priority of risk factor intervention also needs to consider the level of each risk factor. The higher the risk level, the greater the possibility of suffering from chronic diseases, and the more priority needs to be given. For example, patients with hypertension and obesity at the same time, if their obesity degree is very serious (such as height 172cm and weight 98kg) and their blood pressure level is not very high (such as 148/96mmHg), the most urgent problem to be solved at this time is obesity, and it is likely to control their blood pressure while losing weight. Of course, when determining the priority, it is best to fully communicate with community doctors and make it scientifically after comprehensively considering the types, levels, intervention costs, difficulties and other factors of risk factors.
14. What is the effect of non-drug therapy?
Abnormal blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipid and other biological indicators are often the intermediate link from behavioral risk factors to chronic events. Non-drug therapy is the improvement of unhealthy behavior, diet and psychology. Non-drug therapy is the basis of all prevention and treatment, and it is an important means to improve the therapeutic effect, reduce the dosage, reduce the side effects of drugs and control the cost of drugs. Taking blood pressure control as an example, for every weight loss of 10 kg, the systolic blood pressure can be reduced by 5-20 mmhg; Reasonable diet (low fat, eat high-quality protein, vegetables and fruits, etc. ) can reduce systolic blood pressure by 8-1.4 mmhg; Dietary salt restriction (below 6 g/day) can reduce systolic blood pressure by at least 2-8 mmhg; Increasing physical activity can reduce systolic blood pressure by 4-9 mm Hg; Alcohol restriction can reduce systolic blood pressure by 2-4 mm Hg.
15, "As long as you live freely, it doesn't matter if you live a few years less", right?
Many people think that it doesn't matter to live a few years less to ensure the quality of life. In fact, this idea is all wet. First, everyone wants to live a long life, and excessive indulgence will make people feel alarmist. Secondly, healthy living habits will always become the mainstream of society, while unhealthy lifestyles will become unacceptable to society, not to mention chic comfort and quality of life. The obvious example is that smoking is banned in more and more places, and smokers can only endure it. Thirdly, the consequences of being "free and unrestrained" are often not only a few years less, but the most terrible thing is that you may suffer from coronary heart disease or stroke at a young age, which will not only lose your health, but also cause a huge burden to society and families.
16. Can eating supplements or nutrients prevent chronic diseases?
Tons or nutrients are expensive. However, there is no evidence that supplements or nutriments are superior to a reasonable diet in preventing chronic diseases. It can be said that as long as you pay attention to a reasonable diet, you don't need to use any supplements. In view of the widespread lack of iron and calcium in China, the government has been vigorously promoting dairy products and iron soy sauce, and carrying out corresponding health education. The lack of other nutrients is very rare. Unless you have a definite diagnosis, you must not blindly supplement it, so as to avoid obesity caused by excessive calorie intake, which will not only fail to prevent it, but will induce chronic diseases.
17. Why should we carefully choose traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat chronic diseases?
Traditional Chinese medicine is widely used because of its conditioning and comforting effects. However, so far, a Chinese medicine with strong antihypertensive, hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects has not been screened out. If we rely on ineffective traditional Chinese medicine for a long time and neglect targeted non-drug and drug treatment, it may lead to a long-term uncontrolled disease state, which will lead to organ damage over time until chronic diseases occur. Some drug dealers, grasping the people's psychology that "traditional Chinese medicine has little side effects and can be safely eaten", hype "pure Chinese medicine preparation" and exaggerate its prevention and treatment effect (which can prevent and treat various chronic diseases), which not only delays the illness, but also causes huge economic burden to the people. In order to ensure the therapeutic effect, some Chinese patent medicines secretly added cheap western medicine ingredients, resulting in unpredictable side effects. Remind the general public that Chinese medicine is not absolutely without side effects, and it is impossible for people to cure all diseases with drugs. We should also be cautious in choosing traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat chronic diseases.