From the biological point of view, intelligence, health, less illness and long life should be good physical performance. On the contrary, stupidity, cowardice, illness and short life should be the manifestations of poor physique. Physical exercise, diet, nutrition and cultural education are important, but genetic and congenital factors also play an important role, and sometimes even play a new role. Eugenics is a science that studies genetic health. At present, the aim is to find out various factors affecting future generations, change the genetic quality from physical strength, intelligence and other aspects, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the racial quality of human beings.
There are two kinds of eugenics: one is called positive eugenics (or positive eugenics), which is based on genetic engineering technology and promotes the reproduction of individuals with excellent physical strength and intelligence. With the in-depth study of molecular biology and cell molecular biology, modifying and transforming genetic material and controlling individual development can make future generations more perfect and truly manipulate and transform human beings. Another practical value is negative eugenics (or preventive eugenics), which aims at preventing genetic defects and congenital diseases and reducing the generation of undesirable individuals.
Genetic diseases can be roughly divided into three categories:
(1) single gene disease
It is treated by a single gene, such as albinism, color blindness and hemophilia.
(2) Polygenic diseases
It is a disease caused by more than two genes, such as congenital heart disease, essential hypertension and anencephaly. Such diseases are often influenced by the environment.
(3) Chromosome diseases
Most of these diseases are caused by the abnormal development of parents' germ cells, and a small part are caused by the inheritance of parents' chromosome abnormalities to their offspring, such as common diseases such as * * *.
In the premarital examination, if you find that you have a suspicious history of a family with double diseases, or you have some abnormalities, you should have a chromosome examination. In addition, avoiding consanguineous marriage is of great significance for controlling genetic diseases and improving racial quality. Whether you can give birth to a healthy and lovely child is not only related to genetic factors, but also related to external environmental factors.
First of all, avoid contact with harmful chemicals (such as pesticides) during pregnancy; Especially in the third month after pregnancy, avoid a lot of X-ray exposure, because these harmful factors will lead to fetal malformation and mental retardation. In addition, we should also avoid the infection of various infectious factors (such as viruses and bacteria). Don't take drugs indiscriminately during pregnancy, especially illegal drugs. Be sure to take medicine under the guidance of life.