Personal experience
Childhood experience
1770 12 17 Beethoven was born in a poor family in Bonn, Germany.
My father is a tenor in the local mediocre court choir, and my mother is the daughter of a court chef tortured by life. Under the strict training of his father, Beethoven showed his musical talent, but Beethoven was often scolded by his father. Beethoven played the harpsichord when he was 4 years old, and gained the reputation of a musical prodigy. Suffering from otitis media at the age of 5; At the age of 8, he began to perform on stage; /kloc-at the age of 0/0, he studied under Nie Fei, the most famous music educator in Prussia. Beethoven 1 1 year-old published his first work Variations on the Piano; /kloc-at the age of 0/2, he was recommended by Nie Fei to be an assistant organist in the court band of Count Walterstein, which was the beginning of Beethoven's career as a "music servant". Beethoven, 13 years old, joined the court band as an organist and an ancient pianist.
learning experience
178 1 year, Beethoven studied piano and composition under the orchestra conductor Christian Gottloh Bao Tianzhen, and Beethoven also studied violin under Franz Anton Rees, so that Beethoven began to form his own unique style under the guidance of his new teacher. After arriving in Vienna from 65438 to 0787, he began to study composition with Mozart and Haydn. At first, Mozart wanted to see his ability to play music. After listening to his performance, Mozart predicted that Beethoven would shake the world one day. Beethoven received the news of his mother's death shortly after he arrived in Vienna, and he had to go back to Bonn at once. Due to the drag of his family, he didn't come to Vienna for the second time until his father died in the autumn of 1792, but Mozart was already dead. Beethoven also studied under Schenk, Abreu Herberg and salieri. He contacted many famous professors, writers and musicians at that time through his association with Bonn intellectual Brenin, and was influenced by the trend of thought of "hurricane movement" from them. His democratic thought was mature a few years before the French Revolution, but it developed rapidly in the revolutionary era. Beethoven wrote "Prelude in F minor" and two preludes during this period.
Painful experience
Beethoven III
The last piano Beethoven used before his death.
He began to compose his first symphony when he was ten years old. Since 1796, his hearing is getting weaker and weaker. His love for life and persistent pursuit of art overcame his personal pain and despair. Suffering became the source of his creativity, and he seized the fate by the throat. He still stubbornly wrote "Hero Symphony" in pain; The Heroic Symphony marks the turning point of Beethoven's mental state and the beginning of his heroic era. In the later period of Beethoven's stay in Vienna, Europe was experiencing a serious period of political reaction, that is, the period when metternich's reactionary rule was particularly rampant. Beethoven's works in1813-1817 also experienced a temporary decline; 18 18- 1827 Beethoven wrote the ninth symphony with giant perseverance, summed up his glorious epic life and showed the beautiful wishes of mankind. 1823, Beethoven completed his last masterpiece, Symphony No.9. ..
old age
Forty-six-year-old Beethoven was completely deaf and still insisted on music creation. Beethoven composed his last string quartets in his later years. 1826 Beethoven was too ill to finish. 1826 65438+ Beethoven had a bad cold in February, which led to pulmonary edema. Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26th, 1827.
On the day of burial, all schools were closed to express their condolences, and 20,000 people attended Beethoven's funeral. His tombstone is engraved with the inscription of Austrian poet Greer Bache: "... when you stand in front of his coffin, it is not despair but a noble feeling that hangs over you;" We can only say to people like him: he has achieved a great cause ... "
Beethoven's major works are mainly composed of nine symphonies. Representative works include the third symphony in E flat major, the fifth symphony in C minor, Destiny, the sixth symphony in F major, the seventh symphony in A major, the ninth symphony in D minor, Chorus (the main theme of Ode to Joy), the overture Egmont, Leonora, the piano sonataNo. 14 in C minor and so on. He combined the achievements of classical music and opened up the road of romantic music, which played a decisive role in the development of world music.
Beethoven's position in the history of music is extremely prominent. He is not only a master of classical style, but also a pioneer of romantic style. As a master of music, Beethoven also attached great importance to artistic songs. He is a pioneer in the creation of German artistic songs. He wrote more than 60 artistic songs accompanied by piano in his life. His artistic songs are expressed in rich expressions and forms, expressing the feelings belonging to all mankind. He has made extraordinary achievements in the field of artistic songs.
The influence of later generations
Beethoven's music concentrates the artistic achievements of predecessors, stands at the forefront of the times, embodies the heroism of Handel's music and Bach's philosophy with new quality, develops Haydn's banter, inherits the drama of Gluck's opera and Mozart's profound lyricism, and thus creates his own unique musical style. Beethoven brought endless joy to all mankind through his extremely tragic music creation. His masterpiece, like a lighthouse, has made an indelible contribution to the unity and progress of all mankind.
Beethoven once said: Music should inspire the human spirit.
Beethoven lived between the 1970s in 18 and the 1930s in 19. He is a loyal practitioner of classical music and a powerful pioneer of romanticism.
Beethoven experienced ups and downs in his life, but his lonely life did not crush him. He has been firmly guarding his beliefs, stubbornly following the proverbs of his own art in the case of loneliness and deafness, and created the peak of classical and romantic music art, which is unparalleled!
(1) in the development and innovation of the symphony, it has expanded the highly concentrated musical motivation and maintained the rigorous unity of the whole song; Expand the development department, making it the focus of contrasting internal contradictions, power publicity and dramatic conflicts in the works; Scherzo was introduced into the third movement of the symphony, and the minuet was replaced by the elegant temperament of the court; Adding human voice to the symphony has expanded the expressive force of the work.
(2) On piano sonatas: His 32 piano sonatas have made great contributions to the sonata structure, at the same time, they have made great progress in piano strength comparison, dramatic factors, color changes in different sound zones, etc., making them works as famous as Bach's Twelve Isothermal Piano Collections, and making outstanding contributions in the history of music.
(3) Musical expression: Liberated the art of music and showed the spiritual essence of his time. His works showed the spiritual course from struggle to victory, from darkness to light, from suffering to joy. His melody inherits Haydn's motivation expansion method and absorbs the deep affection of Mozart's melody, forming the characteristics of simplicity, roughness, simplicity and enthusiasm.
Frequent changes, divisions and pauses in rhythm bring about dynamic and unbalanced feelings, the disharmonious factors of harmony and the gradual expansion of the unstable range of tonality, and the great fluctuation of strength. In orchestration, he attached importance to the role of copper pipes and wooden pipes, which constituted the powerful appeal of Beethoven's music and the charm of his great works. The revolutionary factors in his music and the dramatic effect of free impulse made him a master of classical music. At the same time, he was also a pioneer of romantic music and inspired the composers of romantic music in the19th century.
Personality assessment
This is a musician who was teased by fate and eventually became deaf, and a hero who exchanged pain for joy. This seemingly arrogant person actually has an unknown side. The musician's most important organ was damaged, and he dared not show it or let people know his weakness, so he chose to live alone. He has no intimate friends, not even friends. However, Beethoven accepted the reality and suffered the painful fate entrusted to him by God. Therefore, he also became a hero in the author's mind. (romain rolland's Who's Who)
Beethoven's greatness lies not only in his being a musician. He has a beautiful soul that is extremely depressed and tempered in life, and is a spiritual hero. His music expresses this heroic heart.
Before Beethoven, Mozart was the greatest saint in European music. But the value of Mozart's music, after all, stops at a kind of "sound architecture", that is, it has the meaning of existence just because of the "beauty" of music. As for Beethoven, it is even more brilliant. His music is a symbol of his great soul. Mozart's music is the art of feeling, and Beethoven's music is the voice of the soul.