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An analysis of the influencing factors of subjective well-being and mental health of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou
Abstract: Objective: To explore the influence of demographic variables, situational factors and personality traits on the subjective well-being and mental health of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 340 young white-collar workers in Guangzhou. Results: The positive personality traits of Guangzhou 1 young white-collar workers are at the upper-middle level, and their life satisfaction is at the lower-middle level. Situational factors and trait factors are closely related to the subjective well-being and mental health of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou. Category regression analysis shows that gender, stress perception, social support and optimism are significant predictors of subjective well-being of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou, while optimism and social support are significant predictors of mental health. Conclusion: Young white-collar workers in Guangzhou are not satisfied with their living conditions, but they are positive and optimistic about the future. Situational factors and idiosyncratic factors have different predictive effects on their subjective well-being and mental health.
Keywords: young white-collar workers in Guangzhou; Subjective well-being; mental health
China Library Classification Number: B848 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:1003-5184201302-0175-04.
1 Introduction
Since the reform and opening up, China's economic level has improved rapidly. In this development process, white-collar youth, as the backbone of national human capital, have made contributions to society and created wealth for themselves. However, material richness cannot be equated with subjective happiness. Relevant surveys show that the happiness of white-collar youth such as civil servants, college teachers and employees of foreign companies is not high compared with other people. Many of them are under considerable pressure in their work and life and are often troubled by negative emotions. Tension, insomnia and meaningless feelings often fill their lives. Tian Zhenmin, 20 10. In this study, young white-collar workers are defined as working-class people who are under 40 years old, have college education or above, engage in mental work, rely on knowledge and technology to make a living, earn more than 4,000 yuan a month, have relatively stable economic income and have a high social status.
Positive psychology originated in the United States at the end of the 20th century and is an important force in contemporary psychology. Oppose the negative orientation that traditional psychology pays too much attention to people's psychological problems and the diagnosis and treatment of mental diseases. It studies the positive qualities of human beings and pays attention to their survival and development. The research of positive psychology includes positive personal experience, positive personality traits and positive organizational system. At present, the research on subjective well-being and positive personality traits of core self-evaluation is mostly focused on students, teachers and the elderly, while the research on young white-collar workers is more inclined to sociology, demography and other perspectives, and mostly focuses on theoretical descriptive research. There are few empirical studies to explore the subjective well-being of young white-collar workers and its relationship with core self-evaluation. And what is the subjective well-being of young white-collar workers as the main driving force of social development? What about their self-evaluation? What is the relationship between their core self-evaluation and subjective well-being? What is the mechanism of core self-evaluation on subjective well-being? After understanding these relationships, how can we improve their self-evaluation level and subjective well-being? These are all problems of great practical significance for researchers, but the academic circles have not conducted in-depth research, which is also the reason for putting forward this study. Therefore, this paper will take young white-collar workers in Guangzhou as the research object, and from the perspective of positive psychology, on the basis of investigation, investigate the status quo of their core self-evaluation and subjective well-being, and analyze the mechanism of core self-evaluation affecting subjective well-being.
There are many factors that affect subjective well-being and mental health, which can be divided into demographic variables, situational factors and idiosyncratic factors. As situational factors, stress and social support have an important influence on individual's subjective well-being and mental health, which has been proved by many people. Zheng Xue, 2006; Schifflin & Nelson, 2008. With the rise of positive psychology, people pay more and more attention to positive personality traits. Shimai et al.' s research on 1099 American and 308 Japanese teenagers in 2006 shows that personality advantages such as enthusiasm, hope, curiosity and gratitude are positively related to people's happiness. A retrospective study conducted by Peterson and his colleagues through online sampling in 2006 also showed that positive traits can help individuals recover from physical and psychological diseases. At present, there is still a lack of integrated research on the influencing factors of mental health or subjective well-being of white-collar youth. Therefore, this study intends to explore the influencing factors of white-collar youth's subjective well-being and mental health from three aspects: demographic variables, gender, age, situational factors, social support, pressure perception and positive personality traits, CSE, hope and optimism, in order to objectively reveal the psychological status of white-collar youth and its internal and external influencing factors, and provide theoretical support for improving their life and mental health.
2 Research objects and methods
2. 1 research object
In this study, young white-collar workers from * * * units in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou and * * * enterprises and institutions in Tianhe District Commercial Center were selected as the research objects by convenient sampling. * * * 380 questionnaires were distributed and 340 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 89.5%. Among them, male 2 13, accounting for 63.0%, female 127, accounting for 37.0%; Unmarried 5 1 person, accounting for 15.0%, married 2 10, accounting for 610.8%, and other 79 people, accounting for 23.2%; There are 202 ordinary employees, accounting for 59.4%, 77 grass-roots managers, accounting for 22.6%, and 6 middle and senior managers/person, accounting for18%; The subjects were 22 ~ 35 years old, with an average of 28.3 years old.
2.2 Research tools
2.2. 1 subjective well-being scale
Project 1995, *** 19 compiled by Dina et al., with a score of 7 points. Including life satisfaction scale, positive emotions and negative emotions. In this study, the Cronbach α coefficients of subjective well-being and its three subscales are 0.84, 0.83, 0.83 and 0.80, respectively.
2.2.2 Mental Health Scale
Lee Hung and others revised * * * 20 items in 2002 and scored them with "Yes" and "No" respectively. Including self-affirmation, depression and anxiety, the Cronbach coefficient of the total table is 0.88, and the Cronbach α coefficient of the sub-table is 0.79, 0.76 and 0.85 respectively.
Core self-evaluation scale
Revised by Yang Xiaofeng et al. in 2009, project 12, 5 points, single dimension, and its Kronbach α coefficient is 0.76.
Optimism scale
Yuan Lixin et al., edited in 2007, * * *1/project, scored 5 points.
3.2 Regression Analysis of Subjective Well-being and Influencing Factors of Mental Health
In order to further investigate the influencing factors of subjective well-being, the researcher made a hierarchical regression analysis with subjective well-being as the dependent variable and demographic variables, situational factors and personality traits as the independent variables. First of all, gender and age constitute the first stratum to enter the regression equation. Secondly, CSE, optimism and hope, which may be different due to different demographic variables, enter the regression equation as the second layer. Finally, situational factors, stress perception and social support enter the regression equation as the third layer. The results show that the variance F9 of the three categories that can explain subjective well-being is 4 1%, 168= 14.738, p=0.000. Regression analysis of mental health in the same way shows that three classes can explain the 43% variance F9 of mental health, 185= 14.738, P.
4 discussion
4. 1 The positive personality traits of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou are at the upper-middle level, and their life satisfaction is at the lower-middle level.
A preliminary description of the subjective well-being, mental health and its influencing factors of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou shows that the average scores of positive emotions, negative emotions and life satisfaction of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou are 3.99, 2.75 and 3.48 respectively, and the average scores of situational factors, stress perception and social support are 65,438+0.82 and 5.00 respectively. The average scores of CSE, optimism and hope are 3.30, 3.62 and 2.79 respectively. Combined with the rating scale, it can be found that the positive factors such as positive emotions, hope, optimism and CSE of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou are above average, while the life satisfaction and negative emotions of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou are lower than the theoretical median of the scale. Researchers have found that the happy life that young white-collar workers yearn for and look forward to is closely related to their actual needs. Excessive value expectation and lack of realistic demand reduce their life satisfaction, thus affecting their subjective well-being. For example, in the ideal, it is expected to own its own industry, but in reality it is subject to companies and leaders everywhere; In the ideal, we expect to have a colorful amateur life, but in reality, it is busy work and monotonous leisure activities.
4.2 Situational factors and idiosyncratic factors are closely related to the subjective well-being and mental health of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou.
Correlation analysis shows that situational factors and personality traits are closely related to the subjective well-being and mental health of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou. The results of category regression show that optimism and social support are significant predictors of subjective well-being and mental health of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou. The research shows that there are two mechanisms by which social support affects individuals' physical and mental health. Dong Zengyun, 2007: One is the main effect model, which holds that social support has a general gain effect on individuals' physical and mental health, and can maintain individuals' good emotional experience and physical and mental state, thus contributing to their physical and mental health; The second is the buffer effect model, which holds that social support is related to the physical and mental health of individuals under stress conditions. It buffers the negative impact of stress events on physical and mental health and maintains and improves the physical and mental health level of individuals. Understanding social support refers to individual's expectation and evaluation of social support, belief in possible social support and a kind of subjective support. Compared with the actual social support, understanding social support is more important for understanding and predicting individual mental health, and it is more likely to show beneficial effects on individual mental health. Young white-collar workers in Guangzhou have more coping resources when they perceive more social support, so they can have more positive emotional experiences or alleviate the negative effects of stress. Therefore, understanding social support is an important factor affecting the subjective well-being and mental health of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou. Optimism refers to holding a positive attitude towards the outcome of things, seeing the good side of life and thinking that things will develop in a good direction. Optimists have good expectations for the future, which can encourage individuals to make continuous efforts to solve problems, so they can solve problems more smoothly and bring better results. Compared with pessimists, optimists usually see the good side, favorable side or constructive side in real life, including the past, present and future, and this attitude can be reflected in practical actions, play a positive role, and have a higher level of subjective well-being and mental health.
4.3 Class regression analysis shows that gender, stress perception, social support and optimism are significant predictors of subjective well-being of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou.
It is found that gender and stress are also important variables to predict the subjective well-being of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou. The research shows that gender is positively correlated with subjective well-being, that is, women's subjective well-being is significantly higher than men's, while stress perception is negatively correlated with subjective well-being. Everyone needs a certain degree of pressure to promote individual psychological function and behavior to reach the best level. However, if the stress level is too high or the stress duration is too long, the individual's physical resources for coping with stress will be reduced, and the body's energy consumption and immune function will be reduced, resulting in physical and mental tension, thus reducing the individual's happiness level. The pressure of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou mainly comes from work and family, especially the uncertain job prospects, hopeless promotion, difficult job-hopping, high living expenses, housing supply, car supply and soaring prices, which undoubtedly have a negative impact on the subjective well-being of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou. In China society, both at work and at home, people generally have higher expectations for men's roles, and this high standard will lead them to bear greater pressure, which may be due to the social factor that men's happiness level is lower than that of women.
Based on the above research results, the researchers believe that the mental health and subjective well-being of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou can be improved from two aspects: first, departments, work units and family and friends should give them more instrumental or emotional support, and in a good and harmonious society, the understanding and care of family, friends and colleagues can alleviate negative emotions, relieve psychological pressure and enable them to vent negative emotions such as pressure and tension in time; The second is to develop and strengthen the positive psychological strength of young white-collar workers in Guangzhou, that is, courage, concern for the future, optimism, interpersonal communication, faith, professional ethics, hope, honesty, perseverance and insight. These positive qualities are important psychological resources for them to cope with life situations.