The "correct health concept" put forward in the new "Outline" refers not only to children's physical health, but also to their mental health. Child health is the organic unity of physical and mental health. The "correct view of health" emphasizes the integrity of health, which is consistent with the new understanding of health in the international community.
The new "Outline" clearly brings mental health into the category of children's health, scientifically reveals the connotation of children's health, and has a key guiding significance for children's mental health education.
A symbol of children's mental health
Generally speaking, children's mental health mainly has the following signs:
(1) The motor development is normal.
The development of exercise is closely related to the development of brain morphology and function. The development level of big body movements and fine finger movements is within the normal range, which is the basic condition for children's mental health.
(2) Cognitive development is normal.
Normal cognitive development is an important symbol of children's mental health. Because normal cognitive level is the basic psychological condition for children to live and study and achieve balance and coordination with the surrounding environment. Early childhood is a period of extremely rapid cognitive development, so we should try our best to avoid brain injury or inappropriate environmental stimulation and prevent children from having unhealthy psychology.
(3) Emotional health and moderate emotional response
Emotion is an inner experience of objective things, which is not only a psychological process, but also the background of psychological activities. A good emotional state reflects the coordination of the central nervous system function, and also indicates that the individual's body and mind are in a good balance state.
Children's emotions are impulsive and changeable, and they are also relatively exposed. However, with the growth of age, the self-regulation of emotional process has been strengthened, which is manifested in the reduction of emotional impulsiveness, gradual improvement of stability and implicit enhancement. Children with mental health can react moderately to various stimuli in the environment and release negative emotions reasonably.
(4) Willing to communicate with others and harmonious interpersonal relationships.
It is human nature to associate with others. Because of the small life circle, children's interpersonal relationships are relatively simple, mainly family members, teachers and peers. They are willing to communicate with others, but they lack active communication strategies and have poor communication skills. But they also hope to get to know others through communication and gain their understanding, trust and respect. Children's communication activities can reflect their mental health, and communication activities between children are not only an important condition to maintain mental health, but also an indispensable way to obtain mental health. The imbalance of interpersonal relationship between children and others will lead to various problems.
Generally speaking, children with mental health are willing to communicate with others, good at understanding and accepting others, and easy to be understood and accepted by others; Be good at cooperating with others and enjoying * * *, respect others' opinions and be generous and tolerant. On the contrary, children who are mentally unhealthy may haggle over every ounce and cannot tolerate it; Or indifferent to people; Or taciturn and withdrawn; Or can't cooperate with others, or even infringe upon others, and so on.
(5) Behavior unification and coordination
Psychologists believe that a sound personality is a unified personality. With the growth of age, children's thinking gradually becomes organized, the time for intentional attention gradually increases, the expression of emotions becomes more reasonable, and the attitude towards objective things is more stable. Children's mental health, psychological activities and behaviors can basically be harmonious and unified; On the contrary, mentally healthy children are not focused, their interests are often shifted, their thinking is confused, their language is fragmented, their behaviors are often inconsistent, and their self-control and self-adjustment abilities are poor.
(6) Good personality characteristics
Personality is the core and essential expression of personality, which is reflected in the stable attitude towards objective reality and habitual behavior. Children's character is gradually formed in the interaction with the surrounding environment. Mental health children generally have personality characteristics such as enthusiasm, courage, self-confidence, initiative, modesty, generosity, cooperation and honesty, and their attitudes and behaviors towards themselves, others and the real environment are more in line with social norms; On the contrary, mentally unhealthy children are often in a state of disharmony with others and the real environment, showing such bad personality characteristics as indifference, inferiority, laziness, isolation, timidity, stubbornness, dependence and meanness.
(7) No serious mental health problems.
Children's mental health is often manifested in various behaviors, such as finger sucking, enuresis, stuttering, hyperactivity and so on. Children with mental health should have no serious or complicated mental health problems.
Second, the specific performance of children's mental health
(1) Normal intellectual development, interest in observation, and ability to observe things as required by adults; Be willing to use your head and understand concrete, vivid and intuitive content; Rich imagination and strong curiosity.
(2) Willing to go to kindergarten can basically adapt to kindergarten life.
(3) I am in a good mood, have some control over my emotions, and will not lose my temper because of a little thing.
(4) Be alone when necessary, not afraid of darkness and some strange animals.
(5) I like to be with my peers and I am willing to associate with my children. You can basically abide by the rules of the game when playing.
(6) the initial development of self-awareness, according to the guidance of adults know some of their own strengths and weaknesses, make a simple evaluation of their own behavior, distinguish themselves from others.
(7) Don't feel nervous and timid when talking to the children in the class, and don't be too restrained and afraid in front of new environment or unfamiliar people.