It can be said that the middle school stage is the most critical and distinctive period in a person's life, and it is also the beginning of the golden age in a person's life. Middle school students are full of vigor and youth, showing a positive trend in all aspects. In the whole middle school stage, the psychology of middle school students shows various characteristics. It is precisely because of various psychological characteristics that middle school students will have such problems. As educators, we must master these psychological characteristics of middle school students and then prescribe the right medicine.
First, the psychological development characteristics of middle school students
1. Grasp the transition psychology of middle school students
Students are in real infancy before middle school, so they have to rely more on the care and protection of adults, and their independence and consciousness are poor. After entering the middle school stage, it enters adolescence, and the later stage of middle school is the early youth, which is a period when individuals gradually develop and mature. It marks that individuals really begin to gradually become independent members of society. The transition of middle school students' psychological development reflects two different characteristics of the transition state between junior middle school (adolescence) and middle and late stage (early youth). The previous period, that is, adolescence, is a period of semi-naivety and semi-maturity, a period of complex contradictions between independence and dependence, consciousness and naivety; The latter period, that is, early youth, is a period of gradual maturity and independent preparation of social life. In the previous paragraph, there was still some childishness; However, the latter period includes independence and consciousness after maturity. Even so, they have just reached the mature stage, their cognitive ability and level are not high, and their personality tendency is still unstable. They need the care and guidance of teachers and parents to strengthen their self-cultivation and make themselves truly mature.
2. Master the locking psychology of middle school students.
The psychology of middle school students is gradually locked, that is, the inner world is becoming more and more complicated, and it is not easy to show the inner world at first. Middle school students are in adolescence, and a series of physiological changes will inevitably lead to emotional changes. These changes are generally not easy to find. Even if it causes mood swings, they tend to control it without showing it because of the corresponding development of willpower during this period. This is the emotional and will basis of atresia. Because of the characteristics of atresia, middle school students are often reluctant to tell their elders what they think. The older the middle school students are, the more obvious this feature is. Middle school students after grade 2 and 3 always lock drawers. There seems to be a secret they don't want people to know, but there is nothing important in it. Therefore, to understand and study the psychology of students at this stage, especially senior high school students, it is often easy to make mistakes if they make judgments or make research conclusions only based on their temporary events or behaviors.
There is a psychological characteristic of middle school students being locked up psychologically, that is, it is easy to expose their true thoughts to people of the same age and sex, especially confidants, which provides a good inspiration for our teachers to educate and manage students: live among students and become their good friends.
It is natural for students to respect their teachers. But students' reverence for teachers will inevitably produce a sense of distance between teachers and students. Over time, teachers will find students more and more difficult to manage and unable to grasp their hearts. The solution is to go deep into the students, mingle with them, and make them feel that the teacher is not only respectable, but also amiable (but pay attention to the problem of "degree", otherwise the students will get too close to the teacher and disobey the teacher's management, which is also the reason why parents find their children difficult to manage).
3. Master the self-esteem psychology of middle school students
Middle school students have a psychological characteristic, that is, they have strong self-esteem and love face. They pay great attention to whether they are respected and what others think of them. This requires our teachers to pay attention to maintaining students' self-esteem and face when educating and managing students, otherwise it will be counterproductive.
If a student makes a mistake, it is necessary for the teacher to strictly point out his behavior and sometimes even criticize and educate him. But in this process, teachers must grasp the principle of not hurting self-esteem. In the absence of other teachers and classmates, we can talk calmly with him alone about his wrong behavior, be reasonable, be emotional and guide him to realize his mistakes. In this way, because he avoids embarrassing others, especially his classmates, he will be more likely to accept the teacher's education and criticism, and he will secretly thank the teacher and create better conditions for the teacher to manage the class in the future.
There is also a way to educate and manage students, that is, "soap before scraping", that is, praise before criticizing. Soap and shaving are naturally clean, but the most important thing is comfort. For example, a student plays basketball well, but his academic performance is poor. We can first praise his excellent performance and tenacious fighting spirit in the school basketball match, and hint to him that if he carries forward such tenacious fighting spirit in the learning process, his academic performance will certainly catch up.
What deserves our teacher's attention is that students' self-esteem is more manifested in asking others to treat them as equal individuals. This requires our teachers to respect students' personality and accept their mistakes in daily life. After all, students are "people" rather than "gods" and should treat everything that happens to them with a normal heart.
4. Master the self-centered psychology of middle school students.
Now, most middle school students are only children. Coupled with superior living conditions and family pampering, it can be said that they are self-centered in almost everything, and their self-esteem is more manifested in their arrogant attitude when something happens. To treat such students, we can adopt the method of "beating and rubbing" (both hard and soft).
If the students are treated only with gentle breeze and drizzle, I'm afraid he will think the teacher is just so easy to deal with; However, if students are locked in a storm, they will be afraid. If you only use one of the two methods for a long time, it will definitely reduce the prestige of the teacher, so you should use them together.
If some students make serious mistakes, we should severely criticize them in front of the whole class and let them make a written examination. Doing so can not only combat their arrogance accumulated in pampering, but also play a role in shocking the mountain city. But afterwards, teachers must use their spare time to talk with these students, exchange opinions and comfort them appropriately, that is, "beat them and rub them." Only in this way can we achieve the goal of education without alienating the relationship between teachers and students.
5. Grasp the swing psychology of middle school students
Middle school students want to be valued and treated as adults and members of society. They are simple-minded, rarely conservative, and dare to think, speak, do and act. But in their minds, what is the correct concept of happiness, friendship, heroism, freedom and outlook on life is still a mystery. Their self-esteem and self-confidence are increasing, and they are very sensitive and aggressive in evaluating others, but their thinking is very one-sided, easy to be extreme and easy to swing. They are passionate and full of feelings, but they are highly volatile, and passion often occupies a considerable position. Their will characteristics are also developing, but their perseverance to overcome difficulties is not enough. They often confuse firmness with stubbornness, courage with recklessness. Their energy and ability are also developing, but their personality has not been finalized and the correct activity path has not been found. In short, the psychological characteristics of this age stage are very unstable and plastic. The mental state of this age group is very unstable and highly malleable. This age group is a turbulent period before psychological maturity.
Therefore, we often see the phenomenon of "fishing for three days and drying the net for two days" and "one violence and ten cold" happening to middle school students. Today, they may study late into the night because of a whim, and tomorrow they may forget their study ... Therefore, it is necessary for our teachers to pay attention to the daily behavior of students, remind them from time to time, and help them choose the right path in the constant swing.
6. Master the imitation psychology of middle school students
In the process of education and receiving education, it can be said that students are always watching the teacher's performance, and the teacher's performance will directly have a huge impact on students' practices, and students will follow the teacher's example; To imitate the teacher's every move. Students' imitation psychology requires our teachers to set an example and set an example first.
What is "leading by example"? It is "learning to be excellent is to be an official and respected"! Teachers are the best role models for students. What the teacher asks the students to do must be done well first. For example, we ask students to keep the classroom clean, so we should pay attention to ourselves. If we find the ground dirty, we should mop it up and dry it. If you find scraps of paper on the ground, no matter how inconspicuous, you should bend down and pick it up. When teachers do this, students will see it in their eyes and keep it in their hearts. In the long run, they will play a great subtle role.
Of course, the psychological characteristics of middle school students are various, far more than these. This requires our teachers to constantly discover and summarize in practice, so as to seek better educational measures and cultivate students into truly useful talents.
7, rebellious psychology
. Due to the characteristics of middle school, many students can't treat their parents' pains and teachers' criticism and education correctly because they lack the ability to distinguish right from wrong. They doubt everything, are neither humble nor supercilious, treat positive propaganda negatively, deny role models and advanced figures for no reason, have emotional identification with bad tendencies, and passively resist ideological education and discipline requirements.
8. "Proud mentality". Excessive love from family makes some only children feel numb, don't know how to cherish love, some don't understand and appreciate their parents' love, are spoiled and dependent, and let others serve themselves without caring about others. Because she is very attractive and has a big temper, she doesn't get along well with her classmates and is very arrogant. When encountering setbacks, she fidgeted and even felt lost. Once you are in a strange interpersonal environment, you will lose the psychological environment that has always been optimistic, and it is easy to produce disappointment, warmth and unsociable mentality.
9. Self-centered mentality
Some middle school students are only addicted to the realization of their own wishes, focusing on their own interests everywhere. When they encounter something slightly unsatisfactory, they will break into a furious rage, lie down and do nothing, or haggle over it, suffering from loss. Indifference to the collective and indifference to the society. In life, only others care about him or her, but he or she doesn't know how to care about others. Once personal desires are not satisfied, he will harm the interests of others and society, and even embark on the road of crime.
10, tired of learning
Some middle school students lack the spirit of seriousness, hard work and diligence, and there are many psychological contradictions, such as being discriminated against for wanting respect, self-esteem, weak will for progress, discipline and freedom. , which leads to psychological problems such as weariness of learning.
1 1, ego psychology. With the psychological maturity, there are many complicated things to consider and even worry about in the inner world of middle school students. Among them, middle school students are most concerned about "self-cognition", that is, how to recognize their own behavior, personality and psychological performance. In the process of growing up with each passing day, I feel that I should always explore my "psychological portrait", that is, to find out my personality, my impression in the eyes of others, where my interests and ambitions are, what kind of person I will become in the future, and so on. I am annoyed because I am often confused about my self-portrait of growth and change, and I am also sensitive to other people's comments and reactions. As long as I am criticized a little, I will react strongly and feel very sad. How to know yourself correctly and enhance self-confidence is an inner worry that middle school students often encounter.
12, sexual psychology. With the development of sexual physiology, the sexual psychology of middle school students is also developing. With the increasing sexual interest and desire, how to adapt to the social and cultural requirements and control them is a problem that middle school students must face. At the same time, it is more important to establish your own "psychological gender". Physiological gender depends on human anatomical organs and physiological phenomena, which are manifested in psychology and behavior. Every middle school student should learn how to speak, act and dress according to physiological gender roles. How can we arouse the goodwill and liking of the opposite sex? How to get along with friends of the opposite sex and so on are all "psychological gender" that middle school students must learn and establish. Only when "physiological gender" is consistent with "psychological gender" can it be completely defined as male or female. These psychological problems are often troubles,
13, emotionally unstable and moody. When he is in a happy mood, he is full of enthusiasm for learning and gets along well with others. When they are agitated and depressed, they have low enthusiasm for learning, are difficult to get along with others, and even play truant, fight and fight.
14, the will is generally indecisive, anticlimactic, with poor self-control and easy to be hinted. When he is emotional, he has poor self-control, can't treat and control himself correctly, and is easy to shake when the external incentives are strong. When you encounter difficulties in your study and things that don't go your way in your life, you will be pessimistic and disappointed, even shrink back, your will will collapse, and you will collapse.
15. Personality factor is a typical psychological problem of middle school students, which is generally manifested as: (1) selfish and narrow-minded, often quarreling with people over trifles, haggling over every ounce, unable to extricate themselves for a long time, and even holding a grudge; (2) conceit, self-righteousness, contempt for others, lack of appreciation and respect for others, and poor frustration ability; (3) Inferiority and cowardice, such people are withdrawn, unsociable, indecisive and passive towards Nuo Nuo.
16, adolescent syndrome. The performance is as follows: (1) After middle school students enter adolescence, their psychology also changes with the development of physiology. Some students have emotional entanglements, and their emotions become uneasy and irritable. Sometimes they feel lonely, worried and depressed, which is the so-called youth trouble. (2) From a certain point on, you quickly lose interest and will in learning and can't afford to attend classes. This is called adolescent depression, and there are also adolescent fantasies, so-called "puppy love" and other issues.
The reason why middle school students have the above unhealthy psychology is the result of the comprehensive action of many factors. The first is the influence of family. Many parents over-develop their children's intelligence, spoil their children, neglect mental health education, neglect the cultivation of psychological quality, and lack spiritual communication with their children. The second is the influence of society. Today's society is in a period of change, interpersonal relationships are becoming more and more complicated, and there are more and more factors affecting people's mental health. Faced with the complicated social situation, middle school students who are not mature enough to distinguish right from wrong, driven by curiosity, sometimes remove the essence and take the dross. For example, with the popularity of computers, and the proliferation of unhealthy video products such as obscenity and murder, and unclean books and periodicals, students' access to bad information on social media has greatly increased, which is often subtly influenced. I did an anonymous survey when I was a teacher in Class Two. Among the 56 students in the class, 26% use the Internet to watch obscene products, and 87% have seen products such as murder. The third is the influence of the school. Mainly pay too much attention to academic performance, the academic burden is too heavy, and the pressure for further study is too great. Some teachers' educational methods are monotonous and improper, and they use warning, irony, sarcasm, exposing shortcomings, abandoning and other means that are harmful to students' mental health to replace ideological education. The fourth is the students themselves. They are in adolescence, often have conflicts and contradictions in their hearts, and are in an unstable state, which is easy to induce various psychological problems.
Secondly, under this psychological condition, there are bound to be many problems in students' thoughts. This is a puzzling psychological problem for middle school students that we educators encounter in practical work, which is embodied in:
1, beliefs and ideals are in crisis, and life and learning goals are deviated. When asked about the ideals of middle school students now, their answers are all the same-what is the purpose of going to school? The answer is still the same-find a good job. Needless to say, the essence of its ideal goal is selfish. * * * The belief in materialism is diluted in the mind, the consciousness of serving the motherland and the people is seriously lacking, and the orientation of outlook on life, values and world outlook is vague, which has become the most serious problem encountered in the current ideological education of students.
2. Lack of moral awareness. At present, middle school students' consciousness of observing social morality is not high, and they still stay at the level of passive compliance. Such as spitting, disobeying traffic laws, littering and other uncivilized behaviors are common without supervision.
3. Money worship is serious and egoism is on the rise. Many students follow the fashion, pursue famous brands, give gifts for birthdays, invite them to dinner and celebrate foreign festivals. Their consumption far exceeds that of adults, and the concept of helping others is rarely consciously implemented.
4. Some students have psychological barriers. The psychological obstacles in learning are prominent, the study is tense and the efficiency is poor; Psychological stress, low self-satisfaction and serious inferiority complex; Poor communication with people, lack of communication methods, and serious psychological preparation; Personality is grumpy and even distorted, and even some students live in fantasy and escape from real life.
5, tired of learning
I have seen such a curriculum: middle school students' curriculum/Monday into the abyss/Tuesday is a long road/Wednesday is dark/Thursday is dark before dawn/Friday anxious to return/Saturday is a big escape/Sunday is a happy bachelor.
After analyzing 43 cases of primary and middle school students taking diazepam tablets, the director of pediatrics in a municipal hospital found that 34.88% were afraid of parental abuse, 23.66% were criticized by teachers and parents, 25.38% divorced, and 6.98% were found to have failed in puppy love. It can be seen that middle school students' weariness of learning has become the biggest psychological problem. When their parents let them go to school, they will feel extreme fear and fear, usually manifested as physical symptoms such as abdominal pain, headache, vomiting and diarrhea, accompanied by psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression and fear. Learning weariness is common among poor students. Because of poor academic performance, he is looked down upon by teachers at school, often trained and has no position among his peers. They were excluded. At home, I am also reprimanded and nagged by my parents, and I often have hostility to schools, teachers and classmates, and I feel tired of learning. Another kind of weariness is manifested in top students. Their academic performance is very good, they are often praised and encouraged, and their enthusiasm is high, but their psychological endurance is poor. Once others surpass themselves or fail to achieve their goals, when psychological pressure is too great, they are also prone to weariness.
Learning weariness is the product of the exam-oriented system, which is a great destruction to students' physical and mental development. This is extremely unfavorable to their growth.
6. Examination anxiety
It is a complex psychological phenomenon, which is a psychological state in a certain test-taking situation, restricted by individual cognitive evaluation ability, personality tendency and other physical and mental factors, with anxiety as the basic feature, defense and avoidance as the way, and through a certain degree of emotional response. Examination anxiety is a common psychological obstacle for middle school students, which has various manifestations: fidgeting, headache, dizziness, inattention and stagnant thinking. People who are often anxious in exams will make students have some physical and mental obstacles, such as stomach trouble, headache and neurasthenia. Serious test anxiety can easily make students form timid and dull bad characters. In a state of high anxiety, there are often symptoms such as inattention, poor memory, slow thinking and low intellectual activity, which lead to a significant decline in test scores.
7. Early first love
Puppy love is a common phenomenon in adolescence. With the development of the body and the maturity of the reproductive system, middle school students will have psychological curiosity and yearning for the opposite sex, and it is easy for boys and girls to have a hazy affection. Coupled with the help of pop songs, romance novels and film and television media, it is a ripening agent for the sexual psychological development of middle school students. Coupled with the severe criticism and supervision of parents and teachers, students have a strong rebellious mentality, which is even more.
Puppy love is extremely unfavorable to the healthy growth of students. Students waste too much thoughts on acacia and communication, which seriously affects their study; If there is premature sexual contact, it will also affect their physical development and destroy their physical and mental health. Now there are some reports about the pregnancy and childbirth of middle school students in Beijing and Shanghai, which makes the problem of puppy love among adolescent students put on the agenda to be solved urgently.
8. Social phobia
Teenagers are eager for friendship and want to make more friends, but some teenagers will have a fear reaction when they have certain contacts, such as looking for someone to talk to or find someone else to deal with themselves. It is manifested as being afraid to meet people, blushing at strangers, and being in a very nervous state. This is social phobia. Tend to generalize, and in severe cases, refuse to have social relations with anyone and isolate themselves, which greatly hinders daily study.
Social phobia is manifested as obsessive-compulsive fear, and imagining terrorist objects scares yourself. This is an acquired conditioned reflex. It can be divided into two situations: one is "direct experience". There is a saying that once bitten, twice shy. Teenagers who repeatedly suffer setbacks and failures in the process of communication will be psychologically attacked or threatened, and will have all kinds of uneasy and even painful experiences emotionally. Over time, they will unconsciously form emotional states such as nervousness, anxiety, uneasiness and fear. This state is stereotyped and forms a fixed psychological structure, so when he encounters a new similar stimulating situation in the future, he will relapse and feel afraid. The second is "indirect experience". If you see others or hear others encounter setbacks, get into trouble, or be laughed at or rejected because of embarrassment, you will feel pain, shame and fear. Even through movies, TV, novels, radio, newspapers and other channels, we can get this experience. Based on indirect experience, they unconsciously predict that they may be treated awkwardly in some social situations, so they are nervous, anxious and afraid, and the generalization of this emotion leads to social phobia.
The correction method of social fear is:
9. Poor behavior habits.
In students' daily study, bad behavior habits have become a very serious problem. Judging from the classroom performance, after the bell rang, some students turned a deaf ear and all the teachers entered the classroom. The students are still doing their own things below, and even the textbooks are not ready. In class, the teacher doesn't listen. Although he won't make trouble, he won't make any response. The spread of this individual phenomenon makes the whole class lazy.