1. Study the market rules and make a reasonable breeding plan.
In recent years, the market competition has become increasingly cruel, coupled with frequent outbreaks of diseases, and the market situation of laying hens has changed. The so-called "chicken cycle" has gradually changed from about 3 years to less than 1.5 years. Many farmers feel that the market is chaotic and the breeding benefits are good and bad. After years of average income, some farmers have almost no profits, and what's more, they have lost all their money and are heavily in debt. Therefore, farmers must study the market rules, control the scale and make a reasonable breeding plan.
1. 1 Controlling the scale of breeding According to incomplete calculation, in recent years, the breeding cost of laying hens from hatching to the end of breeding is 300 ~ 35 yuan per hen, and the breeding scale is 1 10,000 hens. According to this calculation, the early direct investment needs more than 300,000 yuan to see the benefits, not including the investment in fixed assets such as chicken houses. Based on this, the author suggests that farmers should reasonably evaluate their financial strength and not blindly seek perfection. The scale should be divided by the total capital by 30, and a slight balance is appropriate.
1.2 It is an effective method to make a reasonable breeding batch plan and balance breeding. The invisible hand of the market constantly adjusts the peaks and valleys of the laying hen industry, and balanced farming can play the role of "cutting peaks and filling valleys". If calculated according to the "chicken cycle" 1.5 years, the "excellent, medium and poor" of the market are 6 months respectively, which is basically consistent with the 1.70 days when chicks enter the peak laying period, and can be used as a reference for making breeding plans. Usually, when the price of eggs is at the peak of the "chicken cycle", most farmers will increase their investment again, which will lead to a shortage of chickens, and the price can rise to more than 3.5 yuan. At this time, farmers should avoid herd mentality.
Moderate control and scale reduction are the opposite. When the "chicken cycle" is at a low point, farmers should inhale on dips and appropriately expand the scale of the next batch of breeding. When the "chicken cycle" is in the middle, it should remain normal.
2. Scientific prevention of epidemic diseases
2. 1 scientifically improve the feeding environment, strengthen the management of farm diseases, improve disinfection and isolation measures, standardize epidemic prevention procedures, purify and reduce farm diseases, and control exotic diseases.
2.2 Strictly select large-scale companies with formal epidemic prevention management, livestock and poultry production and operation licenses, veterinary hygiene licenses and introduction certificates to ensure that the parents of commercial chickens come from large-scale seed farms.
2.3 To ensure a good vaccine, we should choose a vaccine officially approved by the state.
2.4 Formulate a reasonable immunization plan According to the requirements of chicken vaccine manufacturers and the current local epidemic situation, scientifically formulate an epidemic prevention plan, and the best conditions are subject to the antibody level test results.
3. Improve the breeding level and control the breeding cost.
3. 1 Pay attention to brooding and 5-week-old weight. Whether the weight of 5 weeks old can reach the standard has a great influence on the laying performance of chickens. However, in production, we often only pay attention to the survival rate of brooding period, but ignore the weight of 5 weeks old. Due to the high density of chickens, improper beak breaking and low feed nutrition, the weight of 5 weeks old is often not up to standard. Only relying on drugs to improve the survival rate is not conducive to the later growth and egg laying performance. The feed (opening material) in brooding period adopts antibiotic-free technologies such as acidifier and microecological preparation, focusing on protecting the digestive tract health of chicks, which can effectively enhance chicks' physique and ensure that their weight reaches the standard at 5 weeks.
3.2 Strengthen the feeding of adult chickens. Some breeders mistakenly think that adult chickens don't lay eggs and use the same materials. In fact, if the nutritional level of feed is low at this stage, it will lead to skeletal dysplasia, proctoptosis, small egg weight and high mortality during laying. Breeding chickens is an important period to ensure the uniformity of the flock, and the proportion of chickens with "average weight 10%" in the flock should be above 90%. In 6 ~ 8 weeks and 17 ~ 20 weeks, it can be combined with group rotation. Chickens with average weight below 10% should be eliminated, and chickens with average weight above 10% should be restricted.
3.3 The smooth transition from the expected date of delivery to the laying period will lead to diarrhea in the first-born chickens, and even increase the number of paralyzed chickens, thin preserved eggs, sand preserved eggs and soft-shelled eggs. Pre-feed should be used from the age of 16 to the laying rate of 5%, or the feed in the growth period should be mixed with the feed in the laying period in proportion and gradually converted into the feed in the laying period.
3.4 Feeding during the laying period First of all, timely eliminate residual chickens, sick chickens and young chickens. Secondly, control the use of antibiotics and other drugs, and after finding out the reasons, follow the principle of narrow spectrum first and broad spectrum later to avoid over-range, over-dose and over-time use. It is also necessary to prevent "half dose" administration, otherwise drug resistance will occur because the effective bactericidal concentration in the blood cannot be reached. Treatment should be thorough, otherwise bacteria are prone to drug resistance, leading to repeated attacks of diseases and increasing the cost of medication. We should pay attention to the incompatibility of drugs, such as quinolones and tetracyclines, sulfonamides and penicillins, salinomycin and Zhiyuanjing, acidic drugs and alkaline drugs. For intestinal diseases, it is suggested to increase electrolytic complex vitamins and vitamin C, supplemented by microecological agents, and strengthen the repair of beneficial microbial flora in the intestine. In order to prevent water shortage, tap water is used for disinfected people. Attention should be paid to cooling and keeping warm. The suitable temperature of 15 ~ 23℃ can not only meet the physiological needs of chickens, but also help to increase the egg production, reduce the mortality rate and relieve stress.
3.5 scientific and reasonable rules
In recent years, due to the shortage of land resources and policy guidance, aquaculture parks and leading enterprises have flourished. Although the Ministry of Agriculture has formulated norms for the construction of aquaculture parks, with special emphasis on epidemic prevention conditions, planning guidance in some places is still not in place, and farms have no sewage purification facilities and epidemic prevention facilities, which has laid a huge epidemic hidden danger for aquaculture.
3.6 Comprehensive cost analysis Farmers often only look at the price of chicken, the superficial unit price of feed and veterinary drugs, while ignoring the real breeding cost. The survival rate, weight uniformity, feed, chicks and other costs should be calculated in the feeding of chicks and adults; Laying hens should calculate the cost per kilogram of eggs, the ratio of feed to eggs and the rate of dead ditch. According to the age of laying hens, the laying rate and the price of eliminated chickens, the slaughter time of eliminated chickens is reasonably set. Laying hens breeding is a systematic project. Only by controlling the market, epidemic disease, breeding and other links and reasonably controlling the cost can we avoid or reduce the breeding risk.