Concept and definition of Newman system model
mankind
Newman believes that man is a whole, and his integrity is maintained through changes in five aspects: physiology, psychology, social culture, growth and development, and spiritual belief. As an open system, people constantly interact with the environment. People have the ability to resist the invasion of stressors in the environment, and their defense mechanism is three lines of defense:
(1) strain defense line
(2) Normal defense line
(3) Resist the defense line
environment
Newman believes that the environment is the sum of all internal and external factors that affect people. In addition to the internal environment and external environment, she also put forward the concept of human environment.
Newman named the factors that can change the stability of the system in the environment as stressors, which are divided into internal factors, interpersonal factors and external factors.
health
Newman believes that health is the best stable state of the system. When the system requirements are met, the changes in the five aspects of system physiology, psychology, social culture, growth and development, and spiritual belief are in balance and coordination with the overall relationship of the system, and the body is in the best stable state. On the other hand, if the needs of the system are not met, the health level of the body will decline.
nurse
Newman believes that nursing is a unique specialty, and the task of nursing is to reduce the harm caused by stressors, control various variables affecting nursing objects, and maintain the health and stability of nursing object system. In order to achieve this goal, she advocates early preventive measures and divides them into primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention.
Newman divided nursing methods into three steps: nursing diagnosis, nursing goal and nursing result. Her nursing method embodies the system theory, and she thinks that the systematic process and nursing measures are purposeful and directional activities.
The content of Newman system model
Newman system model mainly includes three parts: stressor, body defense mechanism and nursing preventive measures.
Nursing examples:
A middle-aged enterprise manager with a family history of diabetes is in good health, but the nurse still introduces him to primary preventive measures.
Due to recent factors such as heavy work pressure, tense interpersonal relationship, too many dinners and entertainment, and insufficient physical exercise, he gained significant weight, felt tired and sweaty, and his physical examination found mild fatty liver, and his fasting blood sugar was higher than normal. Nursing adopts secondary preventive measures.
After the condition is stable or recovered, the nurse takes three-level preventive measures.