Expression form
Acute gastrointestinal dysfunction and "non-exercise ulcer": Acute gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most common types of overstress, and athletes have symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, pallor and fatigue after high-intensity training or competition. Most of them happen after running, swimming, skating and cycling in short and medium distances. Treatment includes quiet rest, keeping warm and eating a digestible diet. General 1 ~ 2 days later, the condition can be improved. Sometimes there will be hematemesis, which may be caused by gastric mucosal erosion and bleeding caused by exercise stress. This disease is called exercise stress ulcer, acute gastric mucosal hemorrhage, acute hemorrhagic gastritis, acute erosive ulcer or gastritis or acute gastric mucosal disease. Its pathogenesis may be due to strenuous exercise and emotional tension, which makes sympathetic nerve activity dominant, gastric vasospasm, especially mucosal vasospasm, thus causing mucosal lesions. Some people think that the pathogenesis of exercise-induced stress ulcer is related to the release of ACTH and cortisone, which leads to the increase of gastric acid secretion and the change of gastric mucosal permeability. Exercise-induced stress ulcer usually has a small amount of bleeding, which can often stop bleeding automatically and get better after 2 ~ 3 days. After the occurrence of stress ulcer, we should temporarily stop intensive training and treat it according to the principle of treating peptic ulcer.
Faint: sudden loss of consciousness during or after exercise. After waking up, you may feel headache, dizziness, general weakness, nausea and vomiting. Heart rate can increase, blood pressure can decrease, breathing can increase or decrease, and the above symptoms can generally disappear quickly. Syncope is caused by cerebral ischemia. During the treatment, the athlete rests on his back, with his head slightly lowered, sniffs ammonia water, inhales oxygen when conditions permit, injects 40-60 ml of 25-50% glucose solution intravenously, pays attention to keeping warm, and is transferred to the hospital for treatment if necessary.
Acute cardiac insufficiency and myocardial damage: Acute cardiac insufficiency, acute myocardial infarction and even sudden death due to heart disease occur after strenuous exercise. Anatomy confirmed that most of the sudden death patients had organic heart diseases, such as coronary artery disease, myocardial degeneration, aortic rupture, myocardial necrosis, bleeding, etc., but some of them could not find the cause of death after autopsy, which was presumed to be caused by acute heart failure, severe arrhythmia or cardiac arrest. The first-aid measures for cardiac insufficiency include oxygen inhalation, intravenous injection of K0.25mg of Toxorubicin K in 20 ~ 40ml solution of 25% glucose, or intramuscular injection of 50mg of Demerol, and then sent to hospital for treatment. Suspected myocardial infarction should be immediately transferred to the hospital for rescue. When the heart stops breathing, chest massage and artificial respiration should be performed immediately, and adrenaline, isoproterenol and norepinephrine should be injected into the heart and transferred to the hospital for further rescue.
Cerebral vasospasm: after exercise, one limb suddenly becomes numb, inflexible or paralyzed, accompanied by headache, nausea and vomiting. First aid should make athletes lie down quietly, inject 40 ~ 60 ml of 50% glucose intravenously and send them to hospital for treatment.