Children's mental health affects their future life, but it is often easily overlooked by adults. The following concerns about children's mental health are given to everyone, and I hope everyone will gain something.
Paying attention to children's mental health 1 Childhood is the golden age of psychology. The formation of their thoughts, personalities, moral concepts, and the development of their emotions and will all require teachers' close attention and scientific education. Therefore, teachers should pay attention to children's psychological development and do a good job in children's psychological counseling and mental health education.
First, accept children's personality and respect their psychological needs.
Only by accepting children's personality can teachers respect children and create a good psychological environment for their mental health development. I found that some teachers like to talk about a child's shortcomings in front of the child, words and deeds that are not understood by the teacher or criticize the mistakes made by the child, all of which reveal prejudice against the child. These irresponsible words usually hurt children's self-esteem. Especially for sensitive and timid children, it is even worse, which will make these children feel afraid of teachers and dare not get close to teachers and other children. Over time, they will have a shrinking mentality, which is not conducive to the healthy development of children's psychology. For naughty children, when they hear the teacher's evaluation of themselves or their backwardness in mathematics, they will first doubt whether they are a beloved person or an annoying person, so they can't evaluate themselves correctly and gradually lose their self-confidence.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory points out that gaining the respect of others is the highest level of human needs. Everyone, including children, longs for respect from others. We emphasize the need to treat children with democratic education. I think this kind of democracy should be based on accepting children's personality. Imagine that if teachers can't really accept children's personality psychologically, don't always evaluate children with a warm and loving child, or take a perfunctory attitude towards everything of children, teachers can't communicate with children and create a good psychological environment for their mental health development.
Second, the use of disciplinary methods to cultivate psychological quality
We educate our children to restrain their own behavior as a starting point, clearly telling them what they can't do, but rarely telling them what they can do and how to do it. If children learn to walk from the beginning, they will be restricted by many "no", which is often the main factor for children to form psychological barriers. Therefore, what we have to do is to turn the instructions into correct concrete behavior guidance for children, so that children can benefit for life, because in children's hearts, teachers and parents are right and their memories are still deep. However, if the teacher or parents discipline them incorrectly and in an inappropriate way, resulting in contradictions or sharp conflicts between discipline and specific environment and things, children will be confused and suspicious of teachers and parents, and eventually lose trust in teachers or parents, forming a withdrawn and withdrawn character.
Third, the correct use of praise to stimulate good development
Correct praise can positively stimulate children's psychological development in a good direction. Praise should adhere to a principle, that is, let children know themselves from praise. When children do something worthy of praise, parents should seize the opportunity of praise in time, shape their children's healthy psychology through praise, and let them know that good words and deeds are valuable and should continue to do so. Before praise, parents should pay attention to the standards and methods of praise, because praise always works through children's psychology. Correct praise sometimes makes children feel right, which has a subtle influence on him for a long time, thus promoting the mental health of children. Praise in the wrong way will have a bad influence on children's psychology. Once praise makes children face reality and get into trouble, it will cause children to lack the spirit of initiative.
Fourth, eliminate jealousy and create a happy childlike innocence.
Don't look at children aged 4-6, their brains are not as simple as adults. Their competition secretly breeds a negative psychology called jealousy, which in turn leads to incorrect jealousy. The teacher praised a good child, and the other child was not praised, but the child would show a sullen mood. They are unhappy because they have not been praised and suppressed for a long time. This "unhappiness" is transferred to individual children and becomes jealousy. In order to attack each other, some children will vilify him in front of the teacher, report on him, even threaten to make enemies with him, gloat over his failure and so on. Jealousy is a typical problem among children, which strongly affects children's emotional stability and happiness and the establishment of good collective interpersonal relationships. Therefore, teachers should emphasize getting rid of children's jealousy and giving them pure childlike innocence.
As a nurse, in educational activities, children must know how to compete first, and everyone should actively compete and strive to be the best. Secondly, let children know that competition is ultimately conducted on the basis of friendly relations. I often instill it when organizing activities or competitions. For example, children should cooperate and help each other and be happy with each other's progress. For those children who are already jealous, the teacher should carefully and gently ask him why he is unhappy and let the children talk about their unhappiness. For some competitive children, you should guide and encourage them correctly. You must do it well next time. Give your child confidence and his jealousy will naturally disappear.
Pay attention to children's mental health. 2 Childhood is happy, and childhood is the happiest period in a person's growth. As I spend this happy period with every baby, I feel extremely happy and happy, and my concern is full of happy childhood. Looking at every happy and lively baby, I hope they can better face the competitive modern society tomorrow. Yes, everyone is facing more and more pressures and challenges. We should not only master rich knowledge and advanced skills, but also have a positive self-adjusting psychological attitude to let our baby win at the starting line. We should care about the baby's mental health.
Childhood is the best period of intellectual development, the critical period to stimulate the trend of self-realization, and the best opportunity to cultivate interest, explore potential and build self-confidence. However, childhood is a prone age for many psychological and behavioral disorders. Careful observation is conducive to early detection and early intervention.
The personality of kindergarten children varies from person to person, and every child needs the care and guidance of adults. For children with strong sense of autonomy, parents should pay attention to: encourage their children to participate in the activities of partner groups, and actively cultivate their ability to solve problems, think independently and lead organizations (group consciousness). Let children enter a larger group to experience, so as to cultivate children's awareness of friendly cooperation with partners, educate children to learn from their partners' strengths with an open mind, respect others' opinions, cherish their friendship with partners and not impose their own ideas on others. Remind children not to be complacent because of some achievements. For children with serious egoism, parents should pay attention to: educate their children with correct attitudes and methods, don't spoil them too much, and resolutely refuse their unreasonable demands. Create an environment and opportunity for children to communicate with their partners, so that children can gradually understand their relationship with others, get rid of their own positions and have different positions from themselves, and experience the fun of getting along well and playing games, and gradually eliminate their self-centered psychology.
In addition, it is necessary to observe and analyze the children with problem behaviors, actively carry out psychological compensatory education on them, and try to adopt environmental and behavioral correction methods to make them grow up healthily. Some children in the class, because their parents are not around, have been with their grandparents for a long time, and because their elders love them very much, they have formed obstacles to being willful, spoiled and communicating with their children. In the long run, they don't like to associate with people, and they are withdrawn. In the long run, they develop autism. Parents should pay full attention to these children, take into account the special period of children's psychological development, cooperate with kindergarten teachers in time, and let children change their withdrawn personality as soon as possible, so as not to affect their future development. This is a problem that can't be ignored, and it is common in kindergartens. I hope that parents and teachers can take full care of these children with special family circumstances and let them develop a lively and upward character through care.
There is also a kind of child who is particularly naughty, and parents and teachers have a special headache, but there is no solution. Long-term criticism will make children feel indifferent, but if you affirm it in time in another way, you can't praise it too much. Children grow up with praise, and they will not solve themselves well when they encounter setbacks in the future. Parents and teachers should pay attention to how to achieve the goal of educating such children. No matter how naughty the child is, let him know that he is valuable, acceptable to his parents, and can serve himself and others, thus enhancing his cognition of others. We should treat life with a positive and optimistic attitude and care about others. Every word and deed of parents will be seen and remembered by children. In this way, inadvertently, children will sprout good qualities of caring for the collective, caring for their parents, caring for their peers and being willing to share.
In short, children's mental health needs the attention of parents and kindergartens, and we need to cultivate a group of sunshine babies who can adapt to the development of modern society and win at the starting line. Let's work together to give these elves more psychological care.
Pay attention to children's mental health Chapter III We may often see this phenomenon in one-day activities in kindergartens. So-and-so children cry for unhappy things; Or some people laugh when they meet happy things; Some introverted children choose "silence is golden" or some children giggle. But the class is a big family, there are many people in the class or for various reasons, the teacher failed to find a child's emotional changes in time. As a result, what we don't want to see happened: unhappy children may choose to hit people and swear at this time to vent their bad emotions and attract others' attention. Maybe Lian Xiao doesn't laugh, and keeps everything in his heart. Some children may never care about others and be self-centered. It can be seen that children's emotional performance is different.
In recent years, people have found that attention should be paid not only to the cognitive development of preschool children, but also to their emotional state. So, how should we pay attention to children's emotions and promote their mental health development?
First, pay attention to the reasons for children's emotions
In daily education, people tend to pay more attention to physical health and neglect mental health. In early childhood, we should attach importance to children's mental health education, because:
(1) The call of modern society.
With the development of society and the progress of modern science and technology, the change of family structure and parenting style, the accelerated pace of life, and the increase of tension factors in the process of children's growth, children's mental health problems have obviously increased, especially with the increase of only children in China, many only children show selfish, conceited, willful, bad temper, emotional fragility, poor independence and poor social communication ability, which may become hidden dangers of their psychological problems and enemies on their growth path.
(2) the needs of children's physical and mental development.
Infant health education is the basic stage of lifelong health education and the most important part of kindergarten education. Children's health education is closely related to children's quality education, which provides a theoretical basis for the implementation of children's health education. To practice the concept of children's quality education, we must attach importance to children's health education with the fundamental goal of improving children's physical and mental quality, otherwise it will affect the realization of the expected goal of children's quality education. Therefore, children's health education has irreplaceable educational value. From the perspective of conservation and education, shaping and guiding children's behavior, perfecting children's sound personality and promoting children's all-round and harmonious development in physical, intellectual, moral and aesthetic aspects are a crucial aspect of mental health. Therefore, mental health education should be carried out in early childhood to maintain and promote the healthy development of children's psychology and lay a good foundation for a person's lifelong mental health.
Second, ways and means to pay attention to children's emotions
(1) Change and update the concept of teachers and strengthen the construction of teaching staff.
Research shows that people's intelligence reaches 20% at the age of 2, 50% at the age of 4, 80% at the age of 8, 90% at the age of 12, and gradually matures at the age of 17. Experts have found that children's intellectual development is the most important at the age of 2-4, and positive emotions have an important impact on children's cognitive development. Many experts also believe that emotion and cognition are interrelated and they influence each other. Children's emotions change and develop with the development of cognition. The new "Outline" clearly points out that we should attach great importance to children's mental health while establishing a correct concept of health. Therefore, more and more people realize that preschool education needs not only a good life caregiver, but also an educator who is full of love, wisdom and careful observation. Therefore, it is necessary to change and update the concept of teachers and strengthen the construction of teachers.
(2) Provide a platform for children to express their emotions, vent and communicate.
In order to better understand children's emotional problems, I set up an emotional corner in my class, which is specially designed for kindergarten children to ease and adjust their emotions.
Mood angle: First, choose a relatively independent space; Secondly, every child should have a place. At the same time, the above emotional masks are made to express emotions through the expressions of eyebrows, eyes and mouth of the characters.
A semester has passed. On the surface of practice, children like the emotional corner very much and regard it as their personal space to express and vent their emotions in kindergarten. The mood corner mask is vivid. You can often see similar things in the mood corner: when children encounter unhappy things, they will go to the mood corner to turn over their faces at that time. This gives children a chance to ease their emotions, and at the same time, it also allows teachers to better understand their emotional situation. In the past, children were unhappy, crying, hitting people and swearing. Now that there is an emotional corner, children will choose to pour out their feelings and express their feelings with Facebook. Sometimes you will find that with an emotional perspective, children initially know how to care about others. This helps children to understand the rationalization of their own behavior and promote mental health.
In the emotional corner, you will often find that someone is angry, and the children next to him will care about him and ask him, "What's wrong with you?" "Why are you unhappy?" "Can you tell me?" "Can I help you?" ...... Sometimes when someone is flipping through Happy Facebook, the children who see it next to him will ask, "What are you doing so happy?" "Can you tell me?" "Let me be happy with you, okay?" ……
The creation of mood angle makes children become considerate; Let the feelings between children become more harmonious; It also allows our teachers to better enter the emotional world of children and always understand the emotions of each child.
In addition, we can help children express and vent their emotions by organizing various games, so as to better promote their mental health.
A child has different percussion instruments. Such as: sand bells, tambourines, castanets, triangle iron, wooden fish, small bells and so on. Let children express their emotions freely with musical instruments. Sometimes other children can guess the mood of the performer. You can also ask the performer to tell you how you feel when you play.
Children discuss different weather together: sunny, rainy, thunderstorm, cloudy, cloudy, typhoon, snow and so on. What emotions do people have in different weather?
Third, help children control their emotions and promote mental health.
Generally speaking, children have poor ability to control their emotions. Then, how to help children control their emotions and let them fully vent and express their emotions within a reasonable range, so as to promote their mental health? According to preschool psychology, there are usually three ways to help children control their emotions:
(1) Transfer method
(2) Cooling method
(3) Fading method
In our daily life, we often use the transfer method. For example:
The "emotional corner" we mentioned earlier is the place where children express their emotions, and it is also the place where children fully vent their emotions and express their emotions within a reasonable range.
Fourth, let children gradually learn to adjust their emotions and promote mental health.
Someone once said: Children's world is an emotional world. Every child's mood is so colorful. Every child's mood varies with personality, environment and education. Therefore, in daily life, children should learn to adjust and control their emotions slowly. Promote children's mental health. Preschool psychology pointed out that there are three main ways for children to adjust their emotions:
(1) reflection method
(2) Self-persuasion method
(3) Imagination method
During the day's activities in kindergarten, most teachers will advise children to adjust their emotions with reflection and imagination.
Reflection method:
When there are contradictions between children, we will advise children to use reflection method. First, please calm the children down, and then tell each other whether they are also at fault.
Imagination method:
Especially when children are unhappy or encounter difficulties, let them imagine that they are "big brothers" and "big sisters" and set an example for "little brothers" and "little sisters". In this way, children can learn to control and adjust their emotions psychologically, so as to better promote mental health.
Fifth, actively cultivate children's positive emotions and promote children's mental health.
Joy and pleasure can obviously promote children's healthy growth, while fear and sadness will endanger children's health. Emotion itself is closely related to children's growth, personality, environment and education. Therefore, we should purposefully cultivate children's positive emotions and promote their mental health.
(1) Creating a good environment is conducive to cultivating children's positive emotions.
In the course of one day's educational activities in kindergarten, we should create a warm, safe, trusting and mutual-help emotional atmosphere for children and let them find ways to cultivate positive emotions. And a good atmosphere is subtle, which can infect and cultivate children's physical and mental health. Ludtke once said: the atmosphere reflects the inner world to some extent. Especially children, so I believe that creating a good atmosphere plays a special role in children's mental health.
Children's emotions are situational and infectious, and creating colorful environmental atmosphere can cultivate children's pursuit of good emotions. For example, in kindergarten, we decorate the environment in a unique way. Every time children walk into the kindergarten gate, they can see all kinds of colorful scenes. Let children feel happy as soon as they arrive at kindergarten. The corridor is full of children's own paintings; The wall depicts all kinds of small animals; The magical changes of the haha mirror; Various works in the pottery room and so on. Let children be personally infected with happiness in such an environment and keep happy emotions, which not only cultivates children's positive emotions, but also promotes their mental health.
(2) Adopting a positive teaching attitude is conducive to cultivating children's positive emotions.
Rogers, a humanistic psychologist, focuses on encouragement and calls warmth, love, care, respect, recognition and caress positive attention. In the process of children's activities, talk more about "you are great" and "I believe you can" or smile to encourage children. This is conducive to cultivating children's positive emotions. Never say "you are so stupid" or "you know nothing?" For example, denying children's language. Otherwise, under the negative influence of children, the mood will be negative. Therefore, the teacher's attitude is also helpful to cultivate a healthy psychological environment for children.
(3) Helping children to establish friendly peer relationships is conducive to cultivating children's positive emotions.
The new "Outline" points out that children should be willing to associate with others. Children should not only communicate with teachers and nurses, but also communicate with their peers. Peer relationship plays an important role in children's physical and mental development. Good peer relationship is conducive to cultivating children's positive emotions. Therefore, teachers should be good at using the time and opportunities of group activities to help children establish friendly peer relationships.
Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator, said: "Early childhood education is the basic education of life, and the most important period of personality cultivation is before the age of six." Practice tells us that preschool children are full of emotions in life. Emotions and sorrows are easy to show, and they have strong emotional sensitivity to all the beautiful things around them. Therefore, we must pay attention to the best period of children's emotional expression in order to better promote children's mental health.
Pay attention to children's mental health. Children's mental health is a necessary condition for children's personality perfection, and it is the internal foundation of children's spirit and development. Only with mental health can children develop in an all-round way. On the other hand, without mental health, children's development will be limited, and personality disorder or mental illness may appear in their later development.
At present, children have different degrees of mental health problems. Mainly manifested in two aspects: first, the frustration tolerance is low, and it can't stand the bumps. Cry and lose your temper if you are not satisfied. Children in early childhood are in the stage of self-awareness, and there is a certain gap in their knowledge and ability, physical age and psychological age, so there are often some problems in the process of socialization. Second, it lacks the ability to communicate with others and deal with interpersonal events. When children enter kindergarten from different families, they will face some psychological confusion when facing the new living environment. For most only children, everything is centered on them in the family, but in the collective, they must consider the preferences and opinions of other peers. With the increase of only children, more and more children have little chance to get in touch with the outside world, which leads to confusion in interpersonal relationships. As Professor Ding Zan, a psychologist in China, said: "The most important thing in human psychological education is to adapt to interpersonal communication. Therefore, people's mental illness is mainly due to interpersonal relationships. "
Therefore, strengthening children's mental health education, maintaining and promoting children's mental health is a very necessary and urgent task for preschool education and even the whole society in China. I talk about how to do a good job in children's mental health education from the following four aspects.
First, improve the psychological knowledge and quality of preschool educators.
With the progress of society, social phenomena become more and more complex and diverse, and the complex reality also has a complex impact on children, especially on mental health. Children's psychology presents complex phenomena, some are healthy and pure, and some are unhealthy and incorrect. How can we find these psychological phenomena of young children, encourage their health and correct their bad habits? The first condition is that teachers should understand psychological knowledge, especially children's psychological knowledge. For the sake of children's mental health, preschool teachers should strive to improve their mental health knowledge and actively apply psychological knowledge to preschool education. Without teachers' psychological knowledge, it is impossible to do a good job in children's mental health.
At the same time, preschool teachers should not only master psychological knowledge, but also have a healthy psychology. Because mental health is highly contagious, and children's psychological development is also very contagious and easily influenced by teachers. In the process of teacher-child interaction, if the teacher's psychology is abnormal or unhealthy, then some unhealthy factors will be passed on to the child intentionally or unintentionally, which will affect the healthy development of the child's psychology. Therefore, teachers should have a healthy psychology, which is also an extremely important condition for children's mental health work.
Second, create an environment conducive to children's mental health development.
People always live in a certain environment and form their own thoughts, feelings, behaviors and styles under certain relationship conditions. The so-called "black near the ink, black near the ink" is a general expression of environmental impact. Because children are young and malleable, their psychological development is easily influenced by the external environment. Therefore, creating a healthy environment is another important aspect of doing a good job in children's mental health.
1, establishing a good class style and garden style is conducive to children's mental health growth. Class collective or garden collective is the main environment for children to live. Whether this environment is created well or not has a far-reaching impact on children's psychological development. If the class style and garden style are not correct, children's psychology will be distorted and their mental health will be affected. On the contrary, if we have a positive, United, respectful, caring and compassionate class style and garden style, children's psychology will develop healthily. Therefore, it should be an indisputable theory that if children want to grow up psychologically, they should focus on establishing a good class style and garden style.
Teachers should correct their attitudes and behaviors towards children. People are each other's environment, and teachers are their environment for children. To form a healthy environment, teachers must behave correctly, otherwise creating a healthy environment for children's psychological development can only be empty talk. Some of our kindergarten teachers don't pay attention to their words and deeds and give their children a layer of gray psychology. For example, there is a child in my class who always pees on him. If we as teachers say, "Go away, go away, you are dirty and smelly." This will do harm to his psychology, and it will also make other children form unequal concepts and prejudices against people with defects from an early age, and get the habit of disrespecting and looking down on others. It can be seen that the correctness of teachers' words and deeds has a far-reaching impact on children's psychological development. Therefore, teachers should love, respect, be strict and have dignity, and they should not punish children under the pretext of "strict teachers make excellent students". When dealing with the relationship between teachers and children, we should strive to create an equal, democratic and encouraging psychological safety atmosphere, be fair and not partial to children, and put an end to words and deeds that are harmful to children's mental health. Such as insults, insults, accusations, repression, coercion, threats, sarcasm, ruthless punishment and so on.
3. Do a good job in parent schools, publicize mental health knowledge to parents, and let parents pay attention to their children's mental health problems. School, society and family are the three main environments in which children live. The school environment is healthy, but the family environment is not good. It cannot be said that children's psychological development has a healthy environment. Therefore, to improve children's mental health, in addition to the efforts of teachers, parents are also needed. At present, many parents are not familiar with the concepts of "mental health" and "mental health" for various reasons, and the work of children's mental health needs parents' long-term cooperation and support in many aspects. So it is necessary to publicize psychological knowledge to parents. Moreover, children spend a lot of time with their parents. Only when parents know the knowledge of mental health can they pay attention to their words and deeds, thus having a healthy impact on their children's psychology.
Third, create an atmosphere of love to meet the legitimate psychological needs of young children.
Love is an important condition and necessary environmental factor for children's mental health development. Practice has proved that a child who is fully loved by adults correctly and rationally will always be confident, energetic and positive; On the contrary, children who are rejected by adults often give up on themselves, forming inferiority and antisocial psychology. For example, some children usually "like" to make trouble in class.
Activities often bump into people, often because we don't care too much about his love. He wants to get the teacher's attention by "making trouble" and "fighting", and then get the teacher's love for him.
If children want to accept our love, they should know our love. To this end, we should know some skills to express teachers' love to children. If you say a word of concern, or gently touch your head, it is also a sign of love. These seemingly simple and ordinary words and deeds can make children happy for a day or even a few days, years and a lifetime. Therefore, teachers should show their love to every child through various forms, so that children can grow up healthily in an atmosphere of love.
Fourth, combine active cultivation with active prevention and control.
Teachers should promptly correct all kinds of bad omens of children's psychology and actively prevent them. For example, children from "problem families". The "problem family" here refers to a family in which one parent died, or the parents were at odds, or divorced. The children in this family are traumatized. Without correct guidance, they tend to form negative psychological characteristics such as inferiority, unsociable, timidity and paranoia. Therefore, we should pay more attention to these children, so that they can get the love they deserve at home in kindergarten, so as to effectively prevent their psychological distortion. Another example is children with physical deformities and physical defects. Such children are often inferior, sensitive and suspicious. If we don't pay attention to and care for them, it is easy to make their psychological development deviate from the normal track, become hostile to society and ignore life. Therefore, such children must not be teased and laughed at. At the same time, for such children, a better way is to cultivate their interests in all aspects, such as musical instruments, painting, calligraphy and so on. And encourage them to make continuous efforts to achieve results. In this way, they will gradually develop a sense of superiority because of their interests or specialties, and their personalities will become stronger and more cheerful because of the exercise in the activities, thus forming a positive and normal mentality. ? Children's mental health education is related to the growth of a generation. May every kindergarten teacher (including parents) care about children's mental health! May every child's psychology grow healthily!
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