1. Chemical factors: raw materials, intermediate products, finished products, waste gas, waste water, waste residue and other active factors that may be harmful to health in the production process. Where a small amount of substances harmful to human body are ingested, they are called poisons. Poisons are scattered in the air in the form of dust, smoke, fog, steam or gas.
(1) Toxic substances: such as lead, mercury, benzene, chlorine, carbon monoxide, organophosphorus pesticides, etc.
(2) Productive dust: such as silica dust, asbestos dust, coal dust, cement dust, organic dust, etc.
2. Physical factors: They are the components of the production environment.
(1) Abnormal meteorological conditions: such as high temperature, low temperature and high humidity.
(2) Abnormal air pressure: such as high air pressure and low air pressure.
(3) Noise, vibration, ultrasonic wave, infrasound, etc.
(4) Non-ionizing radiation: such as visible light, ultraviolet ray, infrared ray, radio frequency radiation, microwave, laser, etc.
(5) Ionizing radiation: such as X-rays and γ-rays.
3. Biological factors, pathogenic microorganisms or parasites existing in raw materials and working environment, such as Bacillus anthracis, fungal spores, Brucella, forest encephalitis virus, mold on bagasse, etc. Infectious pathogens that medical personnel are exposed to, such as SARS virus.
Occupational disease explanation:
According to the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, occupational diseases refer to diseases caused by workers of enterprises, institutions and individual economic organizations contacting with dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful substances in their professional activities.
The laws of all countries have provisions for the prevention of occupational diseases. Generally speaking, all diseases that meet the legal requirements can be called occupational diseases. Some of these occupational diseases are harmful and the diagnostic criteria are clear, which are approved and published by the relevant government departments according to the national conditions, and are called narrow occupational diseases or statutory (prescribed) occupational diseases.