(1) Geographical environment characteristics
1) area: When conducting community assessment, the size of the community should be made clear first. People usually define communities by geographical scope, but not all communities have a clear geographical division. Generally speaking, a region can be divided into specific regions, such as townships, towns, districts and cities. It can also be divided into abstract areas such as living area, service area and working area.
2) Geographical location: mainly analyze whether the residential area is located in the city or the countryside; Located in the commercial, industrial or residential areas of the city. The geographical location of the community will affect people's health to varying degrees. For example, the community is located in an industrial zone, which may cause pollution; Being located in the business district needs to consider the impact of noise on residents' health.
3) Environment and climate: the community environment includes physical environment, biological environment and social and cultural environment, which make each community unique and can have a certain impact on the health of community residents, such as whether the community is close to rivers; Whether the temperature is too cold or too hot, and how humid it is; Whether there are pollution sources around the community; Whether the cultural life is rich and colorful.
4) Artificial environment: building workshops and bridges; Treatment of domestic waste and medical waste; Changes in the ecological environment of animals and plants may destroy the natural environment and threaten the health of residents.
(2) Characteristics of population groups
1) people: people are one of the most important components in the community and the foundation of the community. At present, the number of people forming a community has not been determined, ranging from L ~ 20,000 in a small area to L0 ~ 30 300,000 in a big city. The general information of community demographics also includes age, gender, marriage, race, occupation and education level. Population density is one of the factors affecting health. A high density will increase the chance of environmental pollution, and a crowded place is easy to spread diseases, while a sparse population is not conducive to the full use of health resources.
2) Population health status: the average life expectancy, main health problems, causes of illness, causes of death, occupations, low-income people and violent incidents of residents in this area can reflect their physical quality and overall health level.
(3) Social system: People live in a certain area and form different social systems in the process of people's communication, such as medical care, education and entertainment. Therefore, when evaluating communities, it is necessary to examine whether these social systems are sound.
1) Health care system: Health care institutions in the community can help residents meet their basic health care needs. Geographical location, distribution, convenient transportation and other factors directly affect residents' medical treatment and health care. Health human resources, such as the number and quality of medical staff, the ability to provide health care services, the ratio of equipment to population, and the amount of health funds will also affect the health level of residents.
2) Welfare system: The soundness of the welfare system has a great relationship with the stability of the community, including community security measures, housing, commodity supply, transportation, etc.
3) Education system: including kindergartens, regular school institutions, libraries, cultural centers and available resources for receiving special education.
4) Entertainment system: The type, quantity and availability of entertainment facilities in the community will affect the life of community residents. Nurses should know whether there are parks, street gardens, children's play areas, theaters, playgrounds and other public leisure facilities in the community, and whether residents are satisfied with the leisure facilities provided by the community.
5) Religious system: Religious belief is closely related to the lifestyle, values and health behaviors of community residents, and even affects morbidity and mortality.