1, elderly female. Whether it is the first or second child, the quality of female eggs over 35 years old will decrease, and the chromosomes will easily age, decline or distort, which will lead to an increase in the incidence of children with congenital dementia and an increase in the probability of abnormal fetal structure, such as anencephaly, spina bifida, harelip and limb deformity. Therefore, if you are an elderly woman now, you must do more detailed pre-pregnancy preparation and pregnancy examination.
2. There are hereditary diseases in the family. If one parent suffers from genetic diseases, such as short fingers, color blindness, albinism, hemophilia, etc. However, the unfavorable factors of fetal growth environment increase the incidence of deformed children, so it is necessary to carry out corresponding abnormal examination and genetic counseling before fetal secretion.
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3. Men are too old. Studies have shown that after the father is over 35 years old, the probability of genetic mutation in sperm will increase, and the probability of fetal diseases will also increase greatly, such as sperm abnormalities. After pregnant, expectant mothers are more prone to premature delivery, abortion, congenital malformation, and even serious diseases such as congenital heart disease, deafness and achondroplasia.
4. Infected with a virus. If the pregnant mother suffers from rubella within 2 months of pregnancy, the baby may have microcephaly, cataract, hearing impairment (deafness) and heart malformation. Such expectant mothers should pay more attention to abnormal examination, and at the same time try to avoid going to places with dense personnel and poor sanitary conditions, so as to reduce the chance of contact with infectious sources.
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5. Take bad drugs. It is no exaggeration to say that any medicine has its side effects, which may cause malformation of a certain part of the fetus. Therefore, pregnant mothers must pay special attention to their health, prevent illness, minimize the use of drugs or not use drugs, and any medication should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor.
6. Women with abnormal fetal history or abortion history. Women who have given birth to anencephaly, spina bifida or other abnormal fetuses should pay attention to abnormal examination after pregnancy again, because their risk of giving birth to similar abnormal babies again will be higher than other pregnant women. In addition, expectant mothers who have habitual abortions and repeated abortions may still give birth to deformed fetuses.
Key points: What pregnancy tests can rule out fetal malformation? First, NT inspection
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It is a method to screen the thickness of subcutaneous tissue effusion in the back of fetal neck by B-ultrasound and evaluate whether the fetus has Down syndrome. The detection rate can reach more than 85%, that is, NT value >; = 2.5 mm indicates high risk. Pregnant mothers had better do it at 1 1~ 14 weeks. 14 weeks later, the developing lymphatic system of the fetus may absorb too much fluid, and the examination will be inaccurate.
Second, Down's screening
By extracting pregnant women's serum, detecting the concentration of hormones in pregnant women's blood, and combining with the expected date of delivery, age, weight and gestational age at the time of blood collection, the probability of pregnant women suffering from "Down's syndrome" is judged. The older the pregnant woman is, the easier it is to get Down's syndrome. The best time for Tang screening is between16 and18 weeks of pregnancy. Pregnant mothers should not forget to make an appointment with their pregnant doctor.
Third, screening for large teratogenicity.
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Three-dimensional or four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound can be used to check whether there are any major structural defects in the fetus, display the development of fetal facial features, limbs and organs, and early detect and diagnose fetal malformations, such as cleft lip, cleft palate, abnormal bone development and cardiovascular malformations. Moreover, four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound can even visually see the state and fetal movement process of the fetus in the mother, usually at about 20-24 weeks of pregnancy. This test requires the pregnant mother to make an appointment in advance.
Fourthly, non-invasive DNA examination
After extracting the venous blood of pregnant women, trace fetal DNA was extracted from maternal blood, and the risk of 2 1- trisomy syndrome, 18 trisomy syndrome and 13- trisomy syndrome was detected by special techniques. The accuracy rate is 99%, and it is a self-funded project. If the non-invasive test is normal, there is no need for sheep puncture. If the result of non-invasive DNA is abnormal, it means that there is something wrong with the fetal chromosome, and it is necessary to induce labor after sheep puncture.
V amniocentesis
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Amniocentesis, also known as amniocentesis, is usually performed at about 16~20 weeks of pregnancy. Guided by the ultrasonic probe, a slender needle passes through the abdominal wall, myometrium and amniotic membrane and enters the amniotic cavity. Just like general intramuscular injection, a small amount of amniotic fluid, usually 20-30 ml, is taken to check whether the fetus has chromosomal abnormalities and reduce the birth of silly children.
How can pregnant mothers prevent fetal malformation?
1, quit smoking and drinking. Nicotine can affect the normal development of the fetus, and alcohol can enter the developing embryo through the placenta, resulting in mental retardation and even deformity of the baby.
2. Try not to wear makeup. Mainly the toxic substances such as arsenic, lead and mercury contained in cosmetics will stimulate the fetus and easily cause fetal malformation.
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3. Avoid getting close to cats and dogs. Pregnant pets are prone to parasitic infection, which is not conducive to their own and fetal health.
4, the important thing to say three times: be sure to do prenatal examination, do prenatal examination on time, do prenatal examination on time to ensure the good development of the fetus.