At present, it is necessary to apply scientific and reasonable cultivation management techniques in the large-scale cultivation of peach trees in many areas of China, which can not only effectively improve the economic benefits of peach trees, but also realize the good development of China's agricultural economy.
1 Preparation for Peach Tree Planting
In the process of peach cultivation management in colleges and universities, it is necessary to do some preparatory work in order to give full play to the role of cultivation techniques. Moreover, in the preparation process of cultivation management in colleges and universities, growers themselves have a heavy responsibility, mainly responsible for pruning peach gardens and then choosing peach shapes.
1. 1 Building Taoyuan
When building a peach garden, it is more appropriate to choose a place with lower water level, mainly because peach trees have shallow roots and have extremely strict requirements on soil compared with other types of trees. Suppose Taohuayuan is built in an area with high groundwater level, which may be due to insufficient ventilation during production. And affect their own health, resulting in a series of problems, this situation is not conducive to the effective cultivation and management of peach trees and improve planting efficiency. Furthermore, when choosing the address of Taoyuan, we should be careful not to choose the area where peach trees have just been cut down. Because the soil fertility in this area is not high, if peach trees are planted as the address of peach garden construction, it is likely to affect the growth of peach trees, which is not conducive to improving the yield of peach trees, which is contrary to the objectives of peach tree cultivation and planting management in colleges and universities.
1.2 Select the tree.
1.2. 1 Select the trunk shape. In practice, the trunk shape of peach trees is the basic component, which is more suitable for high-density planting for this type of trees. After the tree is completed, there are 1 upright middle branches left in the 1 tree, which are regarded as permanent branches. Branches formed by middle branches are almost all fruiting leaves, and there are no related main branches or side branches.
1.2.2 Characteristics of trunk trees. First of all, the effect is very good. 1 year, peach plants will grow in the second year, and the yield will increase in the third year. Moreover, it is more convenient to manage. After the completion of tree construction, the height of the tree is generally not more than 2.5m, the crown width is within 1m, and most branches can be controlled within 50cm, sometimes shortened. This situation has brought some convenience to work. Finally, it has a very high efficiency of light energy utilization; At present, the tree has a series of characteristics, such as small size, and belongs to a branch with high light efficiency.
2 peach efficient cultivation and management techniques
2. 1 peach tree selection and matching techniques
Peach saplings must start with excellent varieties that meet the requirements of China standards. The height of seedlings should be kept above 1.2m, and the diameter of seedlings should be around1.2cm. Branches should not be damaged. The planting density is generally determined according to tree species, tree shapes and various types, and the most reasonable tree is usually 1000 plants /667hm2. In areas with poor planting conditions, encryption can be properly implemented. The configuration adopted is rectangular, and high-speed planting is the main method in mountainous areas. When planting peach trees, the reasonable planting time is about 65438+ 10 month. If you want to increase the yield and improve the fruit setting rate, you can choose the planting method according to the actual situation. For example, if you use the planting method of 3m×2m, it will bear fruit after two years of healthy growth, and then the yield of slow planting will increase. In addition, 30 days before planting peach trees, it is necessary to dig planting holes. After completing the above work, it is necessary to put a part of topsoil at the bottom of the holes and sprinkle base fertilizer. When planting seedlings, it is necessary to strictly ensure the standardization and rationality of planting depth, and it must exceed ordinary roots compared with the surface.
2.2 Efficient cultivation techniques of peach trees
When choosing the planting density of peach trees, the density is closely related to the shape of peach trees. If the trunk peach tree shape is adopted, the planting density will almost reach 3200 plants /hm2, but if other peach tree shapes are adopted, the planting density will be reduced. In addition, during the planting period, in order to ensure the photosynthesis of each peach tree, it is suggested that the tree spacing should be kept within a reasonable distance to avoid the increase of planting density and affect the growth of peach trees. Finally, when treating the roots of peach trees, lime solution and copper sulfate solution are used for proper antiviral treatment to reduce the probability of problems of peach trees.
2.3 Peach grafting technology
In the process of peach tree grafting, very strict requirements are put forward for temperature and humidity. During grafting, the rootstock is peach. It can be seen from the actual situation that bud grafting and cutting are common grafting methods of peach trees in China.
2.4 Drainage and Water Conservation Technology
Peach trees are very sensitive to moisture. When it rains, we should do a good job of drainage and check the drainage ditch comprehensively. If you encounter blockage, you must deal with it in time and cultivate silt at the roots. In summer drought, intertillage weeding can be used to avoid water loss and enhance the effect of soil moisture conservation as much as possible.
2.5 Fertilization and topdressing techniques for efficient cultivation of peach trees
In the process of efficient cultivation and management of peach trees, it is necessary to reasonably use fertilization and topdressing technology, because this technology is the main way to increase peach production. In order to improve the quality and yield of peach trees, it is necessary to choose a good and lasting agricultural fertilizer, that is, base fertilizer, which not only conforms to the concept of green planting, but also is beneficial to the healthy growth of peach trees. However, the application effect of farm manure is slow, so we should try to choose the position with less damage to peach roots. For example, the fertilization in Taoyuan is mainly organic fertilizer and common compound fertilizer, mainly using chicken manure. Base fertilizer needs to be applied early and deep.
When topdressing, topdressing should be done well not only in the peach ditch, but also outside the roots. In the specific topdressing period, we can start with the actual growth of peach trees and choose fertilizers with good performance, such as fruit picking fertilizer or germination accelerating fertilizer, which can meet the different growth requirements of peach trees.
2.6 plastic trimming technology
In order to improve the quality of peach trees, it is necessary to prune them effectively. Winter pruning and summer pruning should be combined, with summer pruning as the core. When pruning in summer, peach trees should be drained, the number of individual trees should be controlled vigorously, and ventilation should be increased appropriately to ensure sufficient nutrients to enhance the quality of fruit trees.
2.7 Pest control technology
2.7. 1 peach leaf shrinkage disease. Peach leaf shrinkage disease mainly refers to the adverse effect of virus on leaves during the germination of peach trees, which makes the leaves deformed. In view of this phenomenon, the preventive measures are: using hydrophobic agent to disinfect the leaves, in addition, carbendazim and other drugs with better performance can be used.
2.7.2 Pest control. In order to improve the yield of peach trees and achieve the purpose of efficient cultivation, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of peach tree diseases and insect pests.
(1) When planting in autumn, effectively turn over the soil, clean up the orchard and keep it clean. (2) At the early flowering stage of peach trees, a lime-sulfur mixture with a relative proportion can be sprayed on the peach trees. (3) In the specific growth stage of peach fruit, pesticides should be sprayed on the fruit trees to avoid peach being affected by pests and diseases.
2.7.3 Peach gum disease. Through analysis, it is concluded that the main causes of peach gum disease are fungal infection and physiological causes, which have adverse effects on the trunk and main branches of peach trees. Unreasonable drainage and excessive pruning in summer will increase the occurrence of glue flow problems. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of peach trees and protect them.
2.7.4 Peach brown rot. When peach trees are infected with peach brown rot, a series of disease spots will appear on the surface of fruit trees, and the disease spots are brown and round. If the control is not in place, it may make the pulp soft, then brown and slowly rot. To control this disease, we can use drugs with strong antibacterial activity, such as zineb. In addition, the prevention and control of surrounding peach trees should be done well in winter.
In addition to the above-mentioned peach cultivation and management techniques, we should also start with peach bagging, pest control, grass control and soil turning. Reasonable and effective application of peach cultivation and management techniques, because these techniques have extremely high advantages, can comprehensively improve the peach cultivation benefits.