I. Introduction
In recent years, with the continuous advancement of market economy and the general improvement of people's lives, the construction industry has become one of the fastest growing industries. With the increasingly fierce market competition, efficiency has become the goal of competition among enterprises, so it has become the knowledge of entrepreneurs to ask management for efficiency. But safety is the premise of benefit, because the result of safety determines the size of benefit. Therefore, the Party and the government have attached great importance to the work of safety in production for many years, determined the policy of "safety first, prevention first", and promulgated a series of laws, regulations and standards on safety in production, aiming at protecting the safety and health of workers, controlling and reducing all kinds of accidents, improving the management level of safety in production and promoting the establishment of a harmonious society.
Second, the importance of engineering construction safety
The relationship between safety and production is dialectical unity, not opposition and contradiction. The unity of safety and production lies in: on the one hand, production must be safe, on the other hand, safety can promote production. "Safety first, prevention first" is the working principle of enterprise safety production, but there are still many enterprises that do not pay enough attention to safety production and lack safety investment, mainly because the project leader does not realize the relationship between safety and enterprise benefits when managing the project. On the premise of perfecting enterprise rules and regulations, construction enterprises should establish a safety production guarantee system at the construction site to ensure safety production, create benefits, create excellent projects and improve market competitiveness. Therefore, safety production management is the guarantee for the survival and development of construction enterprises.
Third, the status of safety management in China's construction industry
(A) a weak sense of safety. For a long time, enterprise leaders failed to realize the importance of building safety, seriously attached importance to the formalism of safety production, ignored the legitimate labor security rights and interests of production workers, failed to equip with necessary labor protection articles, and arbitrarily extended the working hours of workers. Workers were in an overloaded and high-intensity working state for a long time, and accidents were bound to occur. In addition, leaders do not pay enough attention to safety work, and employees' corresponding safety awareness is weak, which is easy to cause safety accidents due to illegal command, illegal operation and violation of labor discipline.
(2) The foundation of safety management is weak. The foundation of safety management is weak, mainly because some people have a weak sense of safety and cannot understand the relationship between safety and speed, safety and efficiency, and safety and stability. The weak foundation of safety management is mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, the research work of building safety technology is relatively weak, and the work of solving key technical problems of building safety production is relatively backward. The wide application of safety scientific and technological achievements lacks market-oriented policy guidance and economic incentives. The application of new construction technologies, new products and new processes is not synchronized with the study of safety protection measures. Second, compared with developed countries, China's safety protection technology, protective equipment and mechanical equipment are still quite backward, and the degree of standardization, finalization and industrialization is very low; Third, the quality of safety managers and construction teams in construction enterprises is generally low. Safety personnel have low cultural quality, do not understand safety management knowledge, safety technical specifications, safety operation procedures and safety precautions, and cannot manage the construction team.
(3) The construction safety laws and regulations system is not perfect. There are some limitations in the implementation of its safety responsibility; The penalties for illegal acts are not specific enough, and the operability is not strong; Laws and regulations are not perfect, and there are problems of duplication and cross-management; The responsibilities of safety rules and regulations are unclear, and the management objectives are unclear, which leads to the failure to implement the responsibility system for production safety.
(D) The supervision system and mechanism of construction safety production are still not perfect. At present, the effective supervision and management mechanism of construction safety production in China has not yet been formed, and there is a big gap compared with the international advanced safety production management model. Safety supervision means and management methods can not adapt to the expanding construction scale, and it is difficult to carry out in-depth construction safety supervision.
Fourth, safety control measures
(1) publicity. The competent department of construction and all employees of construction enterprises should ponder and memorize the contents of the Regulations on the Administration of Work Safety in Construction Projects. Combined with their own actual situation. Adjust measures to local conditions, overcome monotonous and boring methods, change the traditional way of preaching into entertaining, and publicize the principles, policies, laws and regulations of safety production extensively and deeply through various lively forms such as safety speeches, knowledge contests, newspapers and magazines, and safety cartoon exhibitions, and widely publicize and implement the basic spirit.
(2) Strengthen training and education. The focus of training and education is to strengthen the safety education and training for front-line workers, and to train the management personnel of construction enterprises at all levels in safety production laws and regulations, operating procedures and national mandatory standards, so as to improve their professional quality and enhance their safety awareness and safety operation skills. Moreover, it is necessary to increase investment in safety technology innovation and safety technology transformation, and actively adopt new technologies, new equipment, new processes and new materials to achieve intrinsic safety.
(3) responsibility. Construction safety production work should firmly bite the safety production target responsibility and not relax. The competent department of construction should act in strict accordance with the regulations, sign the responsibility book for production safety at all levels, decompose the safety control indicators at all levels, and fully implement the responsibility for production safety.
(4) Implementation of the system. Safety in production is inseparable from the implementation and enforcement of the system. Therefore, construction departments and construction enterprises should conscientiously implement the safety production license system and the construction accident insurance system. Enterprises that do not have a safety license and have not handled construction accident insurance are resolutely not allowed to carry out construction. Only in this way can we improve the ability of enterprises to prevent accidents, protect the legitimate rights and interests of front-line operators, protect the safety of people's lives and property to the maximum extent, reduce losses, disperse enterprise risks and promote the healthy development of the industry. On this basis, combined with the actual situation, establish and improve the regular meeting system of safety work, safety inspection system and record formula of bad safety behavior.
(5) Governance issues. To control accidents, we must start from the source and do a good job in special treatment. Judging from the types of construction casualties in recent years, they are mainly falling from a height, construction collapse, object strike, machine injury, electric shock and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly implement the inspection system of the project department and team of the enterprise, check the problems, find hidden dangers, set up safety warning signs and signs where there are dangerous sources, and give play to the role of warning operators to promote safety. Facts show that special treatment for weak links is the most effective means to curb accidents.
(6) supervision. It is very important to strengthen supervision and safety in construction. Construction administrative departments at all levels should continue to improve the safety supervision system, establish and improve safety law enforcement agencies, and equip a certain number of professional law enforcement supervisors to conduct law enforcement inspections on the construction site; Construction engineering quality and safety supervision stations around the country should earnestly perform their duties, and supervisors should always bear in mind the sacred duty that quality and safety are more important than Mount Tai, and strive to improve the level of construction safety supervision. It is necessary to continuously improve the law enforcement level of safety supervisors, strictly implement the principle of "four pass", strengthen the training of safety production laws, regulations and standards, and improve the level of safety supervision.
(7) Investigating and handling problems. Construction enterprises and employees should establish a safety credit system and record their bad behaviors in safety production. For enterprises that do not act according to the rules, do not correct violations, and have frequent accidents, the legal representative and relevant personnel should be held accountable. In addition, depending on the seriousness of the case and the size of the responsibility, the punishment is given to reduce the qualification level of the enterprise, revoke the qualification or stop bidding. Typical cases should be exposed through the news media, which really plays a role in warning education and promoting work.
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