weld
1. The high-temperature welding heat source makes the molten metal or metal compound evaporate, condense and oxidize to produce smoke, and its intensity is related to the heat source setting or heat input.
2. The coating or coating on the surface of weldment (including zinc plating or chromium plating) will produce corresponding smoke and dust.
3. covered electrode arc welding of steel, CO2 gas shielded welding and self-shielded wire arc welding will all produce smoke and dust. The main toxicants of iron and silicon are copper-plated wire gas shielded welding dust. The poison of copper is fluorine, which is the main poison of covered electrode soot with bottom hydrogen.
4. The covered electrode arc dust contains toxic particles of Fe2O3, and the contact between about ≦5 microns can form welding pneumoconiosis (iron pneumoconiosis).
5. Carbon arc gouging dust is more toxic than its self-plating copper electrode.
6. Toxic gases are mainly ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (nitrogen oxides are mainly NONO2) acting on the ambient air through arc ultraviolet radiation, and the ozone generation concentration is related to the welding process parameters of shielding gas for welding materials.
7. The toxic gases in argon arc welding of aluminum-aluminum alloy are mainly ozone and nitrogen oxides, and their nonferrous metals (copper, nickel, magnesium and their alloys, etc.). ) There is still corresponding metal dust during argon arc welding.
8. Attention should be paid to CO2 gas shielded welding with high CO content, and ventilation measures should be taken. Generally speaking, the more smoke arc radiation, the weaker the toxic gas content, the higher the anti-arc radiation and the higher the toxic gas content.
Noise: the harm to the body is mainly hearing loss, which can lead to deafness in severe cases.
High-frequency electric radiation: The electromagnetic field is appropriately responded by the operator at fixed intensity intervals.
Temperature: The temperature in the workplace affects the health of operators, hinders operation and reduces work efficiency.
Winter temperature design of heating workshop working point: light operation is lower than15℃; work
/kloc-industries below 0/2℃; Heavy welding below 10℃ belongs to the type of work.
Harm of metal dust: Welding arc discharge produces high-temperature melting, and at the same time, covered electrode weldments inhale pulmonary fibrosis, also known as welder's pneumoconiosis with manganese poisoning.
Analysis of arc light, smoke, toxic gas, heat, noise and safety performance of equipment. In the welding process, the safety of operators affects the basic working environment, welding equipment, welding technology, protection and so on. In order to improve the safety protection of welders in the welding process, some measures have been taken. The basic working principle of welding is to rely on short circuit to produce high-energy electrode melting to work. Popular explanation 1: the eyes directly see the welding with welding cap, which causes slight burns to the eyes. When the welder says that his eyes are short-circuited, I will give off strong light when I look directly at them. In addition, the welder's poison allowance for volatile gas from covered electrode flux is higher than that of ordinary workers. 3. Weld damage is only measured by radiation words. The welding arc is very strong. Strong infrared radiation will burn the skin and reduce the vision of the eyes. Electro-optic ophthalmia, electro-optic glare, eyes crying in a short room. When operating, you should wear goggles and then weld the arc. The ultraviolet intensity is high, and the ultraviolet skin is damaged. Wear protective clothing (thicker) when operating.
Sanitary measures for welding
Welding technology, ventilation protection of welding materials and other aspects to improve safety and health conditions.
Two. welding material
1. Adopt low-dust and low-toxicity covered electrode, ensure the basic performance conditions of covered electrode by adjusting the coating of covered electrode, minimize the amount of dust and toxic gas emitted by adding the coating, and control the amount of fluorine and manganese in the dust produced by low-toxic hydrogen covered electrode; Controlling soluble chromium content in smoke and dust with rust-proof low dust covered electrode.
2. According to the covered electrode standard, the amount of dust emitted by various covered electrode is allowed to exceed the specified value.
3. Use low dust flux-cored wire
Third, ventilation measures
Welding ventilation is an important measure to prevent welding dust from harming gas, and it is also the main measure to reduce the influence of welding heat. When welding various containers and warehouses in the workshop, ventilation measures should be taken to ensure the health of operators.
Fourth, protection
Operators must wear protective equipment. Protective articles for welders mainly include work clothes, working caps, welding masks (or gas supply helmets), goggles, welding gloves masks, gas masks, insulated shoes, shoe covers and sleeves. Safety helmet and safety belt must be worn for aerial work, and protective equipment must meet the requirements of qualified products.
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