Article 1
Discussion on health nursing education
Health education is a very important work in clinical nursing, which can help patients master health care knowledge and establish health concepts. Specific nursing health education includes admission education, psychological guidance, diet guidance, work and rest guidance, medication guidance, behavior guidance, discharge guidance and so on.
Health education; Clinical nursing; App application
With the rapid development of medical and health undertakings, the health concept, quality of life and consumption concept of modern China people have also improved. People's demand for health is getting higher and higher, showing a high-level, high-quality and all-round demand, so it also puts forward higher requirements for medical services. In the case of limited nursing human resources, health education is very important in clinical nursing.
1 the significance of health education
Health education is an educational activity and process to help individuals and groups master health care knowledge, establish health concepts and voluntarily adopt healthy behaviors and lifestyles through information dissemination and behavioral intervention.
The research field of health education is very extensive, and hospital health education is closely related to us. Hospital health education is a patient-centered health education activity aimed at inpatients and their families who receive medical care services. Its educational goal is to achieve three-level prevention and promote physical and mental health through health education according to patients' personal health status and disease characteristics.
2. The content of nursing health education
2. 1 entrance education
After the patient was admitted to the hospital, great changes have taken place in the surrounding environment and life, and he often feels nervous and anxious, hoping to get the attention and careful diagnosis and treatment of medical staff. Therefore, nurses should receive patients with warm smiles according to the needs of different patients, do a good job in health education when they are admitted to the hospital, introduce the department environment to patients and their families and lead them to the bedside, introduce the management system of hospitals and wards, department directors, head nurses, responsible doctors, responsible nurses and shift schedules, and teach patients to use bedside pagers. Observing the patient's psychological and physiological state at the time of admission can stabilize the patient's mood, deepen the patient's trust in the nurse, and make the patient have a sense of security and trust, thus reducing the patient's tension and anxiety and quickly entering the role of the patient, which is conducive to the smooth progress of treatment and nursing.
2.2 psychological guidance
When the social role and environment of patients suddenly change, they will feel uncomfortable, nervous and anxious, especially the critically ill patients who can't accept the reality and are in a state of high tension and fear, which will aggravate their illness and endanger their lives. In the process of diagnosis and nursing, targeted health education and psychological care are given to patients to help them overcome psychological barriers and enhance their confidence in overcoming diseases.
First of all, let patients know the relevant information, and let patients take the initiative to master some knowledge about diseases; Using video to promote medical knowledge, improve patients' interest in learning, and further deepen patients' understanding of health education content. Secondly, communicate with patients and formulate corresponding nursing measures to further deepen patients' trust in nurses and establish a good nurse-patient relationship. Nurses in charge should communicate with patients every day to understand their illness, physical condition and psychological state, patiently listen to their statements, patiently answer their questions, introduce the treatment process, successful cases and precautions of the disease, enhance the understanding of patients and their families, eliminate their anxiety, and enhance their confidence in overcoming the disease, so as to achieve psychological rehabilitation and finally return to society after overcoming the disease.
2.3 Dietary guidance
According to the patient's condition, making corresponding diet plan, reasonable diet, strengthening nutrition and providing energy are beneficial to the prognosis of the disease. Different patients need different diets, and they should be given corresponding diets according to their diseases. For example, give diarrhea patients a liquid diet with high calorie, low fat, low fiber, high vitamins and easy digestion, and supplement liquids and trace elements to ensure the normal supply of nutritional energy. Patients with hypertension eat more foods with low fat, low salt and low cholesterol, and eat less foods with high cholesterol such as fat meat and animal viscera. Eat more foods rich in vitamins and cellulose to keep the stool unobstructed. Patients with gastritis should develop good eating habits, chew slowly, avoid eating too hot, too cold, too rough and spicy food, and quit smoking and drinking. Diabetes patients advocate high carbohydrate, reduce the proportion of fat and control the diet structure of protein intake, which has a good effect on improving blood sugar tolerance.
2.4 Work and rest guidance
According to the related system of ward management in the department, it is necessary to explain and explain to patients the importance of unified work and rest according to ward regulations. Good work and rest can promote recovery and ensure adequate sleep. Conducive to physical and mental health.
2.5 medication guidance
Guide patients to use drugs correctly and rationally, strictly follow the doctor's advice, explain the dosage, method, function, possible adverse reactions and treatment measures of drugs to patients, and explain the health education knowledge of rational drug use to patients and their families.
2.6 Special guidance
Health education and guidance should be given to all patients who need special clinical treatment and nursing. According to the diseases of different patients, special guidance is given, such as limiting sugar intake for diabetic patients and paying attention to functional exercise for fracture patients.
2.7 Behavior Guidance
Actively carry out health education, spread disease knowledge, master medical theoretical knowledge, evaluate patients' acquisition of disease knowledge at the same time of knowledge propaganda, master patients' beliefs, attitudes, changes and behavioral changes, and help patients establish healthy behaviors.
2.8 discharge guidance
Pre-discharge education aims at improving patients' self-care and self-care ability, establishing good health behaviors and promoting early recovery.
When the patient's condition is stable or about to recover, he should be educated to leave the hospital. For many patients, it takes a long time to recover. Nurses should focus on rational drug use, diet and nutrition, daily life, rehabilitation training, precautions to prevent recurrence, regular review and follow-up time to help patients build a healthy life journey. Patients who need to take medicine continuously after discharge should be told to take medicine in strict accordance with the time, route and method prescribed by the doctor, and the effect of taking medicine should be reviewed regularly. If there is any abnormal reaction after taking the medicine, you should go to the hospital for reexamination in time.
3 methods of nursing health education
3. 1 Teaching method is mainly aimed at most patients or healthy people suffering from the same or similar diseases, and achieves the purpose of transmitting relevant knowledge to listeners by focusing on the healthy content of a topic. Health education can be given to patients with the same disease in the form of classroom lectures at designated time, and patients can also communicate with each other to enhance their confidence in overcoming the disease.
3.2 Conversation is a method for nurses to ask questions according to the existing knowledge and experience of patients and their families, and guide them to draw conclusions on the questions, so as to acquire knowledge and solve problems. The nurse in charge communicates with the patient every day, understands the patient's needs and condition, and works out nursing measures with the patient in order to get better treatment.
3.3 Demonstration method Demonstration method means that nurses cooperate with lectures or conversations to show patients or their families teaching AIDS such as physical objects and specimen models, or to explain and confirm the knowledge taught or skills displayed through demonstration experiments. For example, how to teach diabetics how to use insulin injection needles and how to give first aid to themselves when angina attacks.
3.4 Practice method Practice method is a method to guide patients and their families to practice and apply theoretical knowledge to practice.
3.5 Leaflet method Leaflet method refers to a single page of text and art publicity materials, which can be combined with the actual needs of patients and their families to elaborate on a certain issue. In practical work, we should choose feasible health education methods according to different patients and their families and the existing objective conditions.
4 health education should pay attention to the problem
Depending on the time, choosing the right time and taking appropriate forms to carry out health education will vary from person to person. According to the knowledge level of patients and caregivers, we should make a comprehensive and feasible health education plan, check the feedback, correct it in time, listen to the opinions of patients and their families in time, improve the level of health education and service quality, and adjust the strategies in time through feedback to make patients recover as soon as possible.
5 abstract
Health education is an educational activity with goals, plans, organizations, systems and evaluations. Closely combine nursing work with health education to form a complete nursing health education system. Nurses can only achieve the goal of holistic nursing by completing technical nursing and health education nursing for nursing objects. In addition, holistic nursing also makes it possible to carry out nursing health education. Therefore, integrating nursing health education into nursing work is an important achievement in the development of nursing discipline. At the same time, the nursing field was expanded, the nursing function was improved, and the nursing quality was further improved.
the second
Exploration of quality nursing health education
With the development of high-quality nursing service, health education has become an important part of nursing work and runs through the whole process of nursing work. In the implementation of health education, responsible nurses should make clear their responsibilities, grasp the implementation principles, master the procedures and correct methods, and evaluate the effect of health education by designing forms to improve the quality and effect of health education.
Quality care; health education
Quality nursing is a working mode and management system which is guided by modern nursing concept, aims at fully meeting patients' nursing service needs and ensuring nursing safety, implements nursing duties, standardizes clinical behaviors, reforms nursing work mode, innovates nursing management system, improves service quality in an all-round way, and promotes the further development of nursing discipline [1]. Health education is a nursing technology that researches and disseminates health care knowledge and technology, influences individual and group behaviors, eliminates risk factors, prevents diseases and promotes health. Providing high-quality and efficient health education for patients is an inevitable requirement for developing high-quality nursing and implementing nursing responsibility. Our hospital began to implement quality nursing in June 20 10, and explored some experiences in quality nursing health education for more than four years, which are summarized as follows:
1 implementation principles of health education
The implementation of health education should be feasible, targeted, protective, phased and procedural. Health education must consider the feasibility of patients receiving education and implementing education; According to the individual differences of health education objects, individual health education should be implemented to ensure the pertinence of health education; In the process of health education, attention should be paid to protecting patients and their families to avoid physical and mental harm; It should change dynamically with the patient's condition and psychological changes. According to the different stages of patients' physical and mental development, make dynamic evaluation and formulate corresponding nursing measures; Health education should be carried out in an orderly manner.
2 nurses' responsibilities in health education
2. 1 Organizational functions
Nurses are managers of health education and should have solid medical knowledge and nursing skills, skilled communication skills, good mental state, strong insight and organizational ability. In the whole process of patients' hospitalization, according to different individuals, the contents should be implemented in detail and accurately, and health education at all stages should be organized to ensure the high-quality and orderly implementation of health education.
2.2 Leading role Nurses are the first executors of health education and should play a leading role in health education.
2.3 The supervisory role of nurses is the main body of health education. They should not only impart knowledge, but also help and supervise patients to establish healthy behaviors.
2.4 Bridge Role Nurses should act as coordinators, communicate and coordinate effectively with doctors and other staff, and build a bridge between patients and medical staff to transfer knowledge and correct unhealthy behaviors.
3. Implement the health education plan
Health education goes through five steps: evaluation, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation. These five steps are a continuous cycle. When evaluating the final effect of health education, if problems are found, it is necessary to enter a new round of circulation to improve the effect of health education.
3. 1 evaluation and diagnosis
Evaluation is an important premise of health education, which includes patients' education level, learning and understanding ability, physical and sports ability, whether they want to know health information, patients' understanding of disease-related health education knowledge, attitudes towards diseases and related behaviors. Evaluation methods: collecting patient information, observing patients' lifestyle, reading patients' medical records, etc. According to the data obtained from the evaluation, make a health education diagnosis, and list the main problems existing in patients and the causes of the problems.
3.2 plan
The core of the health education plan is the goal. When making goals, we should make clear, specific and measurable goals according to the individual differences of patients. The learning objectives proposed in the health education plan are generally divided into three categories: first, cognitive objectives, understanding and accepting health information. The second is the formation or change of emotional goals and health-related attitudes. The third is the skill goal, the ability to master and use a certain operation technology.
3.3 implementation of health education plan
The implementation process of health education plan is the most important link in health education. In this process, the principle of health education should be strictly observed, and nurses must have communication skills, knowledge transfer skills and behavior training skills. Good communication skills can be divided into verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Health education is mainly to help patients understand their own health problems and establish good health behaviors through the dissemination of knowledge.
3.4 Assessment
First, the members of the expert group made a questionnaire about the effect of health education and distributed it to patients. Before the investigation, they explained in detail the problems existing in the questionnaire and the requirements for filling in the form [2], and evaluated whether the health education information and measures could meet the needs of patients. Second, each department to develop health education quality evaluation standard table, to assess whether the health education goal of the responsible nurse is successfully realized.
4 methods of implementing health education
4. 1 Nurses must master flexible and diverse forms and methods of health education, including knowledge transfer and behavior training.
Knowledge transmission includes language communication, character education, image education, telephone education and comprehensive education; Behavior training includes self-ability training, hospitalization adaptability training and rehabilitation ability training. Self-ability training can improve patients' self-care ability, mainly including daily life ability training, such as washing face and dressing. Hospitalization adaptability training includes abdominal breathing, drainage and a series of behaviors that are beneficial to patients' rehabilitation during hospitalization. Rehabilitation ability training can promote the functional recovery of patients, such as the recovery of bone and joint functions.
4.2 Division of responsibilities of health education
We divide the responsibilities of health educators into three levels, namely, hospital level, department level and individual level. The hospital has set up a consultation center to provide telephone consultation and expert outpatient consultation, provide health education prescriptions, popular science books, health posters, pamphlets, newspapers and electronic display screens, and organize regular meetings with patients with the same disease. All departments provide patients with relevant knowledge through monthly off-the-job seminars, departmental bulletin boards and consultation with competent doctors. At the personal level, the responsible nurse provides one-on-one health education guidance to patients, adjusts the health education plan in time according to the needs of patients and the development of their illness, and provides complete and dynamic health consultation guidance for patients.
5 discussion
With the development of high-quality nursing service, health education has become an important part of nursing work and runs through the whole process of nursing work. The effect of health education directly affects the degree of patients' cooperation with medical care, and also directly affects the outcome and prognosis of patients' diseases. Nurses should be clear about their responsibilities in health education, master the implementation principles of health education, master the procedures and correct implementation methods of health education, design health education satisfaction questionnaire and quality evaluation standard table, and evaluate the effect of health education. By taking the above effective measures, the overall quality and effect of hospital health education can be improved.
References:
[1] Wen Xianxiu, Zhang. Clinical practice of quality nursing [M]. Shanghai: Science and Technology Press, 2012.55438+022-128.
[2] Chen, Zhang Kuaifang, Application of health education pathway in outpatients with sexually transmitted diseases [J] journal of nursing administration.2014.144: 290-292.