For example: occupational hazards of benzene
Occupational acute benzene poisoning is a systemic disease mainly manifested by central nervous system inhibition caused by workers inhaling large doses of benzene vapor in a short period of time during occupational activities. Occupational chronic benzene poisoning refers to a systemic disease with hematopoietic system damage as the main manifestation caused by workers' long-term exposure to benzene vapor in occupational activities.
This standard applies to the diagnosis and treatment of poisoning caused by exposure to benzene in occupational activities. This standard can be used for benzene poisoning caused by exposure to industrial toluene, xylene and other chemicals containing benzene. This standard can also be used for the diagnosis of benzene poisoning caused by exposure to benzene in non-professional activities.
4 Diagnostic and grading criteria
4. 1 acute benzene poisoning
4. 1. 1 acute mild poisoning
Dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, excitement, stumbling and other drunken States may occur after inhaling high-concentration benzene vapor for a short time, and may be accompanied by symptoms of mucosal irritation. The increase of breath benzene, blood benzene and urine phenol can be used as indicators of benzene exposure.
4. 1.2 Acute severe poisoning
After inhaling high concentration benzene vapor, fidgety, confusion, coma, convulsion, blood pressure drop and even respiratory and circulatory failure occur. The measured values of breath benzene, blood benzene and urine phenol increased, which can be used as indicators of benzene exposure.
4.2 Chronic poisoning
4.2. 1 chronic mild poisoning
If the white blood cell count is continuously or basically lower than 4× 109/L(4000/mm3) or the neutrophil count is lower than 2× 109/L(2000/mm3), check it every 1 ~ 2 weeks within 3 months. Often appear dizziness, headache, fatigue, insomnia, memory loss and other symptoms.
4.2.2 Chronic moderate poisoning
Most of them have chronic mild poisoning symptoms and are prone to infection and/or bleeding. Meet one of the following conditions:
A) White blood cell count is lower than 4× 109/L(4000/mm3) or neutrophil is lower than 2× 109/L(2000/mm3), accompanied by platelet count lower than 60×109/L (60000/mm3).
B) White blood cell count is lower than 3× 109/L(3000/mm3) or neutrophil is lower than1.5×109/L (1500/mm3).
4.2.3 Chronic severe poisoning
One of the following situations occurs:
A) pancytopenia;
B) aplastic anemia;
C) myelodysplastic syndrome;
D) leukemia.
A.3 The main contact industries of professional solvent gasoline are rubber, tanning, shoemaking, rubber products, tires, cleaning parts, oil refining and oil depot.
5. 1 acute poisoning
5. 1. 1 mild poisoning
One of the following circumstances is diagnosed as mild poisoning:
A) Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, unsteady gait, blurred vision and irritability;
B) Emotional reaction, moodiness, excitement and anxiety;
C) mild disturbance of consciousness.
5. 1.2 application of severe poison
One of the following circumstances is diagnosed as acute severe poisoning:
A. moderate or severe disturbance of consciousness;
B. chemical pneumonia;
C. Reflex respiratory arrest.
5. 1.3 aspiration pneumonia
After the gasoline liquid is inhaled into the respiratory tract, one of the following manifestations will appear:
A. Severe cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis and lung rales;
B.x-ray examination showed flaky or dense massive shadows in the lungs; The total number of white blood cells and neutrophils will increase.
5.2 Chronic poisoning
5.2. 1 mild poisoning
One of the following circumstances can be diagnosed as mild poisoning:
A. Distal limb numbness, pain and touch are distributed like gloves and socks, accompanied by weakened Achilles tendon reflex;
B. Electromyography showed neurogenic injury.
Moderate poisoning
In addition to the above performance, it also meets one of the following conditions:
A. Muscle strength of limbs is weakened to 3 degrees or below, and Achilles tendon reflex often disappears;
B. Distal muscles (thenar and thenar muscles, interosseous muscles) atrophy.
Severe poisoning
One of the following circumstances is diagnosed as severe poisoning:
A toxic encephalopathy, usually manifested as apathy, unresponsiveness, loss of memory and calculation ability, etc.
B. toxic psychosis, schizophrenia-like;
C. limb paralysis caused by toxic peripheral neuropathy.
5.3 Skin damage