IFG means that the fasting blood glucose level is 6. 1 ~ 7.0 mmol/L, and the blood glucose is lower than 7.8 mmol/L 2 hours after glucose load. IFG is a dysfunction of maintaining glucose homeostasis in basal state, that is, the regulation of blood glucose level is impaired in fasting state. Patients with simple IFG mainly suffer from impaired secretion of islet B cells. In IFG patients, impaired insulin sensitivity in liver and kidney, impaired basic insulin secretion and impaired first-stage insulin secretion will all lead to fasting hyperglycemia.
IGT means that 2 hours after glucose loading, the blood glucose is 7.8 ~ 1 1.0 mmol/L, and the fasting blood glucose is 0.
Harm of impaired glucose regulation
Although the blood sugar level of patients with impaired glucose regulation is only slightly increased, there is no obvious discomfort, but this stage is very critical. Without timely and effective intervention, blood sugar will continue to rise, and the toxic effect of glucose will increase the burden on islets, and almost all of them will eventually develop into diabetes.
In addition, the study also found that patients with impaired glucose regulation have a significantly increased risk of major vascular diseases such as stroke, coronary heart disease and lower extremity vascular diseases, and the incidence rate has reached 40%. This is because macroangiopathy is mainly related to hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorder and abnormal function of vascular endothelial cells, and most of these factors have existed for a long time before the diagnosis of diabetes, so it is not difficult to understand why many people with impaired glucose regulation are accompanied by macroangiopathy.
Therefore, active intervention in patients with impaired glucose regulation can not only reduce the occurrence of diabetes, but also reduce the occurrence of macroangiopathy.
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The natural course of diabetes can be changed. If active intervention is given in pre-diabetes, the occurrence of diabetes can be delayed or even terminated.
Non-drug intervention (lifestyle intervention) is even better than drug intervention. Under the condition that most residents in our country are not rich, changing lifestyle can be said to be the simplest, most economical and most effective intervention means, which is worth popularizing.
1, dietary intervention: limit the total calorie and fat intake of the diet to avoid excess calories and obesity. The calories of oily food should be less than 30% of the total calories of food, and the saturated fat (such as animal fat) should be less than 10%. Eat more foods rich in cellulose, such as coarse grains, vegetables, fruits and beans. Eat less animal viscera, egg yolk and sweets, and don't eat fried food.
2. Exercise intervention: long-term adherence to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking, jogging, cycling, swimming and dancing. , at least 30 minutes a day, not less than 5 days a week. Exercise focuses on persistence, and it is forbidden to fish for three days and dry the net for two days.
3. Weight control: At present, obesity is known to be the most important reversible risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Obese people should lose at least 7% weight, even better if they can reach the standard weight. Some data show that if the adult's weight can be controlled within the normal range, the incidence of type 2 diabetes can be reduced by more than 50%.
Impaired glucose regulation must be treated with lifelong intervention. Through lifestyle adjustment or drug treatment, even if it is cured clinically, diabetes may "come back" if the original intervention measures are not adhered to.