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How to distinguish the authenticity of Cheng Ni inkstone in calligraphy
Cheng Ni inkstone originated from bricks and tiles in Qin and Han dynasties, and its firing technology was gradually improved in later generations. By the song dynasty, it was already? Four famous inkstones? One. The Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties saw the peak of the development of Cheng Ni inkstone. However, due to the changes of the ruling class and cultural differences, Cheng Ni inkstone at this time is the key to distinguish authenticity.
I. Cheng Niyan in Song Dynasty
Inkstone is the most important one. The mud is simple and elegant, with elegant charm from the inside out, feminine but not rigid, so there is? Song shape? Known as. Therefore, what is the key to identify Cheng Ni inkstone in Song Dynasty? See its shape? After careful understanding, we can feel the literati atmosphere revealed by the Song people holding knives.
Second, Cheng Niyan in Yuan Dynasty
Influenced by Mongolian grassland culture, inkstone changed its elegant shape in Song Dynasty, and its appearance was heavy and Gu Zhuo, showing the rough style of nomadic people. Such as yuan cicada-shaped muddy inkstone, it is huge and rough, like Mongolian lux. Compared with the cicada inkstone in the Song Dynasty, it seems a bit? Barbarians? , with distinctive characteristics of the times.
Third, Cheng Niyan in Ming Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the clay of Cheng Ni inkstone was the best and densest, and the proportion and application of all kinds of Jinsha powder were perfect. Its mud-repairing style gradually changed from the Yuan Dynasty? Barbarians? Become? Hero? , elegant and solemn. For example, the head of Minglong is a mud inkstone, and its shape is freehand and exaggerated. The dragon head is fierce, square, with bright eyes and white teeth, and its beard and hair are scattered around, which can be seen. Hero? Inner rhyme. More cleverly, the dragon mouth is wide outside and deep inside, which can be used as a water bowl. Imagine how interesting it is to get water from Longkou and grind ink with a brush!
Fourth, Cheng Niyan in Qing Dynasty.
Although the mud is not as dense as that of the Ming Dynasty, the mud repairing and carving techniques are extremely fine, which can be said to be among the mud inkstones of past dynasties. Peak? . If there are phoenix patterns and clear clouds, clear mud and inkstone, the knife work is exquisite and realistic. There just happened to be a phoenix sticking out of the clouds, with a charming figure and full feathers. The side of the mud-repairing knife method of its cirrus ornamentation is oblique, and the knife method is coherent, and it can be done overnight without any sense of stagnation.
Other methods:
Understand the technological characteristics of Cheng Ni inkstone in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and then look back at many imitations and fakes on the market today, and you can see at a glance the roughness and inferiority of its workmanship. Take the modern imitation of a lying cow looking at the moon as an example. At first glance, the inkstone body is hard and smooth, the face of the inkstone is carved with great care and the hairline is clear. The sinking Mo Chi just echoes the relief cloud and moon pattern. On the right side of the inkstone, there is imitation stone skin, which can be tapped with fingers and has a dull sound. However, if you look closely, you can easily see the loopholes in imitation. First, the inkstone body is not muddy. Is there any mud in this inkstone? Eel yellow? Very similar, but it's actually a mixture of stone powder and chemical glue. Although the surface is dense and smooth, there is no gold sand flash and it cannot be used to grind ink. Second, the lettering is plain. The moire knife method is not inclined to the side, and the trace is heavy. At the same time, the position of the new moon is contrary to common sense. In the decoration of muddy inkstone, the new moon and the full moon are deep into the clouds, half hidden and half present, but this new moon is completely hung in front of the clouds, unlike the ancient style. Third, printing is forged. Printed on the lower right corner of the back of the inkstone? Qianlong year system? The four-character seal script, knowing its handwriting, is sparse and sloppy, and its composition is messy, which is far from the original.
This period showed different technical characteristics. Understanding these different technological characteristics can be said to be the key to distinguish the authenticity of Cheng Ni inkstone.