1, conjunctival congestion
Conjunctivitis is mainly manifested as conjunctival congestion, which is more obvious near the fornix and less near the corneal limbus. The congested blood vessels are reticular and bright red, which can penetrate into the periphery of the cornea to form corneal pannus.
2, there are secretions
Secretion from the eyes is also one of the symptoms of conjunctivitis, but the nature of the secretion will be different due to different causes.
Purulent secretions are more common in gonococcal conjunctivitis; Mucous purulent or catarrhal secretions are more common in bacterial or chlamydial conjunctivitis, which can often adhere firmly to eyelashes, making it difficult to open eyes in the morning; Water-like secretions are usually found in viral conjunctivitis.
3, conjunctival edema
Conjunctival inflammation will make conjunctival blood vessels dilate and ooze, leading to tissue edema, which will obviously relax and swell bulbar conjunctiva and fornix conjunctiva. However, the eyelid conjunctiva is closely connected with the tarsal plate, and the edema is not significant.
4. Submembranous hyperemia
Conjunctivitis patients will not only have symptoms of conjunctival congestion, but also have symptoms of subconjunctival congestion, mostly punctate or flaky. Generally speaking, epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by virus can be accompanied by subconjunctival congestion.
Step 5: nipples
Optic papilla is a nonspecific sign of conjunctival inflammation, which can be located in eyelid conjunctiva or corneal limbus, showing a raised polygonal mosaic-like appearance, and the congested area is separated by a shallow groove.
6, follicular symptoms
Follicles in patients with conjunctivitis are usually yellow, smooth and round, directly about 0.5-2.0mm, but under special circumstances (chlamydial conjunctivitis), larger follicles may also appear.
Follicle characteristics: Follicle center is lymphatic germinal center and fibrous tissue, without blood vessels, and there are blood vessels on the surface.
7, membrane and false membrane
Membrane is the exudation of cellulose attached to the conjunctiva surface, and the false membrane is easy to peel off, but the true membrane is not easy to separate, and the wound surface bleeds after forced peeling. The essential difference between them lies in the different degree of inflammatory reaction, and the inflammatory reaction of the real membrane is stronger (diphtheria Bacillus causes serious membranous conjunctivitis); Pneumonia, gonococcus, adenovirus and inclusion bodies can cause membranous or pseudomembranous conjunctivitis.
8, scar symptoms
The damage of matrix tissue is the histological basis of conjunctival scar formation. The early manifestations of conjunctival scar include narrowing of conjunctival vault and subcutaneous fibrosis of conjunctiva. This subconjunctival scar can further cause a series of long-term complications, such as cicatricial entropion and trichiasis.
9. Other symptoms
In addition to the above common symptoms, patients with conjunctivitis may also show
Preauricular lymphadenopathy: Viral conjunctivitis is often accompanied by preauricular lymphadenopathy.
Pseudoptosis: Hypertrophy of the upper eyelid tissue due to cell infiltration or scar formation, causing mild ptosis, which is more common in the late stage of trachoma.
Conjunctival granuloma: rare, it can be seen in chronic inflammation caused by tuberculosis, leprosy, syphilis and rickettsia.
10, disease prevention
Because all kinds of pathogenic microorganisms widely exist in nature, and conjunctiva is in direct contact with the outside world, pathogenic microorganisms can often spread through direct contact with hands, objects, water and other media, causing conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis can be transmitted in two main ways: the affected eyes-water-healthy eyes, and the affected eyes-hands or things-healthy eyes. Visible conjunctivitis is simple and extensive.
Conjunctivitis can often be extensive or explosive, but not all conjunctivitis is contagious. Most conjunctivitis is caused by pathogenic microorganism infection. Healthy people may be infected after contact with patients, and certain preventive measures should be taken. Other conjunctivitis, such as catarrhal conjunctivitis in spring, conjunctivitis caused by physical and chemical injury, etc., are not contagious, and healthy people will not be infected with conjunctivitis after contacting such conjunctivitis patients, so preventive treatment is not needed.
Conjunctivitis is mostly contagious by contact, so it should be advocated to wash hands and face frequently or not to wipe eyes with hands and sleeves. Laundry ball, towel, handkerchief, etc. Used products must be separated from others, and often boiled and disinfected to prevent infection to others. Patients with infectious conjunctivitis should be isolated and not allowed to swim in public swimming areas. Medical staff must also wash their hands and disinfect after contacting patients to prevent cross-infection. If you have conjunctivitis at first sight, you must tell the patient to protect healthy eyes from infection. In case of severe infectious conjunctivitis, the healthy eye can be covered with a transparent eye patch, sealed with desensitizing paste, and covered with a small rubber tube to facilitate air circulation and facilitate doctors to observe whether the healthy eye is sick.
Where the working environment is stimulated by wind, dust, smoke and heat, the environment should be improved or protective glasses should be worn to prevent conjunctivitis. Public places should carry out health promotion, regular inspection and strengthen management.