1, scientific drinking water method
(1) There are certain requirements for the pH value of drinking water, which should be between 6.5 and 8.5. Excessive acidity of water has corrosive effect on gastrointestinal tract. When the total content of calcium and magnesium in L water is equivalent to 10 mg of calcium oxide, it is called hardness 1 degree. The total hardness of water below 8 degrees is called soft water, and that above 8 degrees is called hard water. Generally speaking, the hardness of groundwater is higher than that of surface water. The lower the hardness of drinking water, the higher the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases. Drinking water with higher hardness is beneficial to human health.
(2) Don't drink boiled water repeatedly. Raw water contains trace elements beneficial to health, as well as harmful substances such as bacteria and nitrite. Boiled water at one time can not only preserve beneficial trace elements, but also kill germs. If the water is boiled repeatedly or left on the stove for a long time, it will not only destroy the beneficial elements in the water, but also increase the content of nitrosamine salt, a carcinogen in the water. Drinking this water for a long time is harmful to human health.
(3) Drink water regularly as if it were three meals a day. We should get into the good habit of getting up and drinking water in the morning. Southerners sleep for about 8 hours, but they don't drop water, and the formation of physiological water consumption such as urination and sweating leads to water shortage in the human body. Water accounts for 90% of human blood. The lack of water in human body will make blood concentrate, slow down the flow rate and accumulate metabolites. Drinking a proper amount of water after getting up can not only eliminate the disadvantages of water shortage, but also prevent hypertension, cerebral thrombosis and cerebral hemorrhage. You shouldn't drink water half an hour before meals. Because water will dilute gastric juice, affect digestion, and reduce the sterilization efficiency of gastric juice, which is harmful to health.
Don't drink too much water, otherwise, the surge of water capacity in the body will increase the burden on the heart and easily lead to heart disease. Excessive sweating during labor and strenuous exercise, adding some salt to boiling water can maintain the balance of electrolytes in the body.
(4) It is not advisable to drink raw water. Although this is a "cliche", the knowledge in it is not widely known. Raw water not only contains a large number of pathogenic bacteria, but also can infect diseases and is not easily absorbed. Some people abroad have done experiments and put two leaves into cold boiled water and raw water respectively. It is found that the speed at which the leaves absorb cold boiled water is much faster than that of raw water. In addition, after a period of time, the hemoglobin content of mice in drinking boiled water group was 20% higher than that in drinking raw water group, and their weight also increased rapidly.
(5) It is not advisable to drink rainwater. In China, due to the lack of water resources in some areas, many people use various utensils to collect rainwater for drinking when it rains. They think that rain falls from the sky, which is naturally clean and does not touch anything. In fact, this is a wrong understanding. Because the air around us is not spotless. There is often a lot of dust in the air, even in mountainous areas, but there is more dust in the air in crowded, developed transportation and developed industries, and there are often various pathogenic microorganisms, such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses and parasitic eggs. When rain falls from the sky, dust in the air can be dissolved in the rain; In atmospheric dust, special harmful substances in industrial waste gas and waste residue can also be dissolved in rainwater. If the water on the roof is stored, more dust and domestic pollutants will be deposited on the roof. It can be seen that drinking rainwater is unsanitary, and it may also cause diseases and damage health.
(6) It is not advisable to drink tap water directly. Commonly used tap water disinfectants in China include bleaching powder, bleaching powder essence and liquid chlorine. But there are many reasons that will affect the disinfection effect of bleaching powder. First, some bleaching powders have been left for too long or poorly sealed, and the available chlorine content cannot be guaranteed. Second, the dosage of bleaching powder is insufficient and the action time is not enough. Third, the low temperature of water affects the disinfection effect. Generally speaking, the higher the water temperature, the better the sterilization effect. It takes three times more time to kill a certain number of Escherichia coli at 0℃ ~ 5℃ than at 20℃ ~ 25℃. Fourthly, the turbidity of water affects the sterilization effect. When the water quality is turbid, the water contains more organic and inorganic substances, which consumes a lot of chlorine, and the bacteria contained in the suspended matter are not easy to be killed. Therefore, there is still a certain amount of bacteria in the disinfected tap water, so don't drink it directly.
(7) Fresh water does not quench thirst. Sweat excreted by human body contains many vitamins and electrolytes, which is accompanied by sweat loss, among which sodium chloride is the most lost. If you drink salt-free fresh water after sweating a lot, the water entering the body can not only stay in the cells, but also be excreted with sweat or urine. As a result, the more you drink, the more thirsty you are, and sometimes it will cause low sodium symptoms such as palpitation and fatigue. Therefore, it is best to put a small amount of salt in boiling water in order to quickly replenish the lost water and achieve the purpose of relieving summer heat and quenching thirst.
(8) It is not advisable to drink plenty of water before meals, otherwise it will dilute the gastric juice and affect the digestion and absorption of food. In addition, gastric acid itself has bactericidal effect, and drinking too much water before meals will destroy the bactericidal ability of gastric acid.
(9) After getting up in the morning, you can drink more water. Because people sleep for a long time at night without dripping water, coupled with the formation of urine and physiological water loss such as explicit or implicit sweating, the body is relatively short of water, leading to blood concentration, slow blood flow and accumulation of metabolic waste in the body. Drinking more water after getting up can make up for the consumption of water overnight, and it also plays a certain role in preventing hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral thrombosis.
2, the principle of scientific drinking water
The first is to ensure epidemiological safety, that is, drinking water must not contain pathogenic microorganisms to prevent the occurrence and spread of water-borne infectious diseases.
Second, the chemicals and radioactive substances contained in water shall not cause harm to human health, and shall not cause acute or chronic and potential long-term harm, including carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity.
Third, drinking water must ensure good sensory characteristics and be acceptable to the drinker.