For physical education, there are many opportunities for cooperative learning, and cooperative learning is also an indispensable teaching form of physical education. Below, I will talk about some superficial views on how to carry out students' cooperative learning.
1. Determination of teaching objectives and teaching organization
"Everything is established in advance, and if it is not planned, it will be abolished." Similarly, cooperative learning must first create a democratic and lively teaching environment. This requires our teachers to carefully design teaching plans, reasonably organize and flexibly use teaching methods according to the teaching materials, teaching objectives and the actual situation of schools and students before class. Mobilize students' enthusiasm, try to turn the learning process into a process that students are willing to participate and accept, and truly be willing to learn, willing to learn, learn well and achieve success.
With the application of modern educational means, multimedia courseware and music infiltration teaching are increasingly appearing in physical education class, giving students a brand-new and real feeling. For example, in the teaching process of happy football, I designed various courseware, so that the clever "Lele" and lovely "ball" can lead students to know a variety of ways of playing football, including ordinary passing, heading and interesting bouncing. With the beautiful music, the clever "Lele" appeared. In the case of group cooperation, the students brainstormed and came up with more ways to play, such as running with the ball and running around the ball. The students' creative desire intensified throughout the class, and they didn't stop performing until the bell rang. After class, the students also asked me, "Teacher Liu, shall we still do this next class?" With the cooperation of the group, they all achieved their predetermined goals. With the help of situational teaching, students not only learn knowledge, but also get happiness and stimulate interest.
It can be seen that only by carefully organizing before class, making full use of various teaching forms, grasping students' excitement, encouraging students to participate in the learning process, emphasizing students' initiative and highlighting students' position and role in the classroom can the classroom become more humanized and effective.
2. Grasp the scale of integration and separation.
Cooperative learning does not mean that teachers give up. It should be clearly understood that the form of cooperation is not equal to cooperative learning. Simply grouping students to study and exercise will never achieve the purpose of cooperative learning. Similarly, if teachers do everything step by step, it will be no different from the past teaching. There is a question of the scale of "combination" and "division"?
"Combination" refers to the unified and centralized teaching form under the guidance of teachers. "Divide" means to become a small group, which is the expression of "cooperative" learning.
The application of (1) division and combination
In practical teaching, "separation" and "combination" are two important teaching methods. When teachers need students to concentrate on their studies, they should adopt the form of "combination", such as announcing the learning content of this course, determining the goal, explaining and demonstrating, protecting and helping, organizing the division of labor, sorting out and restoring, etc. Only in this way can students' learning efficiency be effectively guaranteed. In the process of students' independent cooperation and inquiry, teachers need to give students the initiative, so that students can truly become the main body of learning, so that students have more free time and learning space, so that students can learn to find problems by themselves and cooperate with their peers to study and solve problems. For example, in the teaching process of throwing sandbags in a new class, I first organize students to concentrate, introduce the objectives and requirements of this class, and explain the safety problems in the throwing process to students, and then let the students practice independently in groups at the places I specify. Afterwards, it was proved that the whole class was orderly and achieved the teaching objectives well. This shows that only by ensuring "integration" can the important form of "cooperative" learning be successfully completed.
(2) Grasp the scale of division of labor and combination.
"fen" and "he" are contradictory, but they complement each other. In teaching, students should be given more time and space to study independently and cooperatively. However, if we completely give up the time of "combination", it is easy to form the teaching of "herding sheep", which deviates from our original intention and gives up the meaning and purpose of "separation" in disguise. So, here I propose my own method: elaborate and quote more. In cooperative teaching, teachers should make it clear that the classroom is the theme of serving students. Our teacher should talk and demonstrate, otherwise why do we need PE teachers? Just let the students practice by themselves. It is important to emphasize the guidance of students and "give more lectures". I think teachers should go deep into students and guide them through individual counseling. Let students work hard by themselves, and cultivate their abilities of independent inquiry, independent study and practice, and independent problem solving through cooperative learning in small groups, so as to achieve one of the teaching goals: learning to learn. For example, the teaching of throwing class mentioned above, I gather in class no more than five times. After explaining some precautions, I went down to the students and participated in the group cooperation activities of the students. Students use appropriate language in cooperative discussion, such as: "Is there a better way?" "Everyone think about this classmate's action. Do I have a better way than this? " Guide them to achieve my teaching goals.
With good measures and methods, this is only the first step to success. We also need the enthusiastic participation of students.
3. Cultivate students' sense of cooperation
In teaching practice, we found that many study groups did not cooperate well or looked at each other, had nothing to say, and even complained to each other, which led to the failure of cooperative learning. Therefore, teachers should be good at finding problems, studying problems and guiding them correctly.
(1) First, strengthen students' subjective consciousness and desire for communication.
Students are the main body of learning. In teaching, teachers should fully mobilize students' enthusiasm, comprehensively observe and analyze each student, be good at discovering and using students' potential advantages and characteristics, create space for students' independent development, and give full play to students' thinking personality. It also allows students to have differences in the degree of development and quality structure, so that students can feel the embodiment and development of self-worth. Strive to create a good learning environment in teaching, and develop students' subjective consciousness with colorful group activities, such as organizing some group games, allowing students to speak in front and demonstrate. In addition, students should be guided and required to master basic social language purposefully and in a planned way, so that students can learn to communicate. Exchange knowledge, attitudes and feelings with each other, enliven the atmosphere of group activities, actively put forward suggestions and responses, "ask and provide reasons, politely express disapproval or disapproval responses, learn to convince others", "learn to smile and listen, and be an orator" and so on. Teachers should give active guidance in language expression, so that students can use it frequently in the learning process and form habits. These common language and actions are the important beginning of cooperation, which are easy to do in physical education teaching and activities, but they are often ignored by our teachers and students.
(2) Pay attention to students' emotional awareness.
Emotional attitude is one of the evaluation contents in the process of physical education teaching. Positive emotional attitude can make people work hard, adjust people's internal motivation system and promote people's success. We should be good at discovering and using students' potential advantages and characteristics, and use more positive encouragement and praise in physical education class to make students feel successful. Only when students are interested can they carry out further activities. The essence of teaching is information exchange, knowledge exchange and students' interpersonal communication. These are closely related to personal participation. Without the participation of students, it is difficult to embody the essence of teaching. In the curriculum standards, "sports participation" is regarded as one of the important learning fields, and its carrier role in each learning field is self-evident. On the one hand, he has the attitude and behavior of participating in activities, and pays attention to the formation of interest, habits and consciousness; On the one hand, it participates in sports activities in a scientific way, emphasizing rational participation. Therefore, teachers should work hard on students' "emotional consciousness" in teaching, so as to arouse students' interest in actively participating in learning and drive others to participate in learning, thus gradually cultivating students' cooperative consciousness and spirit.
(3) Pay attention to students' cooperative spirit.
Cooperation is the means, and cultivating students' spirit of cooperation is the value. It is the expression of democratic spirit, team spirit and strength, and it is an important condition for success. In teaching, first, teachers should actively guide students to cooperate, so that students can feel that their success can not be separated from the group, and the success of the group can not be separated from individual efforts, with a sense of honor and disgrace; Second, the spirit of cooperation should be infiltrated into the whole school physical education, and the practice between classes, extracurricular activities and competitions should be regarded as the extension and verification of teaching. In this way, students' consciousness of independent cooperation, behavior habits, team spirit, democratic spirit and scientific spirit can be developed in a larger space-time scope. Cooperative learning is one of the important teaching methods under the new curriculum standards. It fully taps the potential of students and turns them from passive learning into the main body of learning. It is not limited to physical exercise, but also cultivates students' thinking and expression ability, satisfies students' thirst for knowledge, expression and success to the maximum extent, and fully mobilizes students' enthusiasm for learning and exercise.
Students learn to cooperate, learn to get along with others, form a good spirit of cooperation and develop healthily, which is the purpose of our physical education teachers. Our teachers should attach importance to the cultivation of students' cooperative ability.