1. Congenital genetic factors: refers to the morphological structure and physiological function characteristics of the body itself, mainly refers to the characteristics of the nervous system, sensory and motor organs. But these innate qualities only serve as a natural foundation and provide material conditions for intellectual development. Without the influence of acquired education and environment, intelligence can not be developed as it should be.
2. Acquired environmental factors: Many aspects of intelligence are acquired by acquired learning, such as knowledge, experience, technology, intelligence and education, occupation, practical activities, family and social environment, life experience, personal health and activity status. Generally speaking, children who love to use their brains develop rapidly, but their intelligence declines slowly in old age. Therefore, intellectual development should be carried out through early education. If the elderly can continue to study and receive education, then "learning for the old" and "teaching for the old" are scientifically reasonable.
Fourth, the characteristics of intelligence of the elderly.
When people get old, their intelligence changes with the changes of physiological structure and function, but it is by no means what people said before: "When people are old, their brains are confused, and they are useless when they are old." It is natural that the intelligence is aging normally, so there is no need to be nervous, anxious or uneasy about it. This is a physiological phenomenon that does not affect work, study and life. It has the following three characteristics: 1. The changes in different aspects of intelligence are not synchronous, some fall early, some fall late, some fall fast, and some fall slowly. It is wrong to say that the intelligence of the elderly has generally declined. It is necessary to analyze the physiological characteristics and changing rules of the elderly in detail. Only in this way can the elderly master these laws.
We did a study in the 1980s to compare the intelligence changes of adults aged 20-89. All aspects of intelligence related to the accumulation of knowledge and experience, with the growth of age, will decline later, until the age of 70 or 80, slowly decline, and some even improve, for example, common sense, vocabulary and so on. This is intelligence, which is called "crystal intelligence". It is described as stable as a crystalline solid, and they are all acquired. In addition, some aspects of intelligence are related to the physiological structure and function of nervous system, sensory and motor organs. In adulthood, it declines earlier with age, starts to decline at the age of 40, and declines rapidly, and obviously at the age of 60. For example, recent memory, the speed of thinking, and the ability of attention and reaction speed. This kind of intelligence is called "liquid intelligence", which describes it as fluid, unstable and changeable.
This result shows the law of mental aging. When the liquid intelligence declines, the crystal intelligence remains good, which can be used as compensation. Therefore, the elderly can make up for their weaknesses with rich knowledge and experience, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, keep their intelligence basically normal, and ensure work, study and life.
2. The intelligence of the elderly is very different, because intelligence is influenced by many factors, and physical aging and psychological aging are not synchronized. So people's mental aging is different. Some old people are clear-headed, quick-thinking, and intelligent, and they can still make a difference in their later years.
3. The intelligence of the elderly has plasticity and potential, which has been confirmed by domestic and foreign research. If appropriate measures are taken, the mental decline of the elderly can be delayed or even improved because there is potential to be tapped.
Five, how to delay the mental decline and improve the intelligence of the elderly.
1. Health and intelligence: In life, we can see that health of the elderly's intelligence has not declined. They live by themselves and move freely, and some of them can continue to work. When the intelligence of the elderly declines obviously, it is often accompanied by common geriatric diseases, such as cerebrovascular diseases, which directly affect brain function and damage intelligence, showing pathological aging of intelligence, which is more serious than normal aging and develops rapidly. Therefore, it is very important to prevent senile diseases and reduce pathological aging of intelligence. In addition, besides physical health, we should also pay attention to mental health. Because they are closely related, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and so on. All of them are related to psychological factors, and mental health is also related to intellectual function. For example, bad emotions such as anxiety and depression will affect memory and thinking activities, and memory and thinking are basically normal, which is also included in mental health. Therefore, we must pay attention to both physical and mental health care, both physical self-care and psychological health care.
2, activity and intelligence:
(1) Exercise: Nowadays, many elderly people have the consciousness of exercising to strengthen their health and self-care. It is good to exercise at this time. It can strengthen organ activity, improve organ function, improve brain function, and delay mental decline, which embodies "moving is not bad" We have a study that compares the intellectual achievements of two groups of elderly people aged 60-80 who insist on exercising. The results show that the group that insists on exercising is not only healthy, but also has significantly higher intellectual performance than the group that does not exercise. /
(2) Intellectual activities: The elderly often ignore this point, and some even refuse to accept it, thinking that mental retardation is caused by the massive decline and death of brain cells. Therefore, people who use their brains less when they are old can avoid the decrease of brain cells and delay mental retardation. In fact, the decline of brain cells does not occur in old age. Moreover, the number of brain cells is huge, and there are sufficient reserves to compensate, so that brain function is not affected. In fact, strengthening mental activities, insisting on reading and reading newspapers often using the brain, can delay the decline of the brain, because the more you use the brain, the smarter you are, which is also in line with the philosophy of "using it and discarding it", so the secret of brain health lies in diligent use.
3. Strengthen brain function training.
Previous studies have shown that the intelligence of the elderly can be improved if appropriate measures are taken for strategic training, because intelligence has certain plasticity, and their potential can be tapped through training. The method used is similar to the method mentioned last time to improve memory. We can improve our intelligence through association and imagination, and we can also use our brains to play some intelligence games. There is also a "feedback method". For example, when judging and comparing the sizes of two objects, if you can be told whether you are right or wrong after each judgment, you can adjust your judgment and improve your judgment quickly and correctly.