Stories can be interpreted as old stories, old lines, precedents, allusions and other meanings. At the same time, they are also a literary genre, focusing on the description of the process of things. The following is the story of Dragon Boat Festival that I compiled for you, hoping to help you.
Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival in China. As we all know, the Dragon Boat Festival was created in memory of Qu Yuan, a doctor in San Lv. In fact, in the vast pile of old papers of the Chinese nation, this is just a statement about the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival. The origin of Dragon Boat Festival is not only to pay homage to Qu Yuan, but also to Qu Yuan, to Gou Jian's destruction of Wu, to meson's death in the mountains and rivers, and to Huang Chao.
Eat zongzi, watch dragon boats, relive history and feel history. Follow the footsteps of the ancients, understand Chinese traditional virtues with heart, and inherit Chinese traditional civilization.
1, In Memory of Huang Chao
Huang Chao, the leader of peasant uprising in Tang Dynasty. In folklore, the custom of inserting calamus and wormwood at the entrance of the Dragon Boat Festival also has a lot to do with him.
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao led the troops to revolt, and wherever he went, he killed countless people, causing rivers of blood. As soon as people heard that Huang Chao was coming, they hurried away. In May this year, Huang Chao's army invaded Henan and arrived in Dengzhou. Huang Chao rode out of the city to see the terrain, only to see the old, weak, women and children pouring out of the city in waves. He saw a woman carrying luggage, holding a little boy in one hand and an older boy in the other. Surprised, Huang Chao dismounted and asked, "Sister-in-law, where are you in a hurry?" The woman replied, "I heard that Huang Chao is a murderous villain and will attack Dengzhou in a few days. All the men in the city were called in to guard the city. We, young and old, might as well run for our lives early. " Huang Chao pointed to the child and asked her, "Why are you holding the small one in your hand, but holding the big one?" The woman said, "The only one in my arms is my uncle's family who is alive. I have my own son in my hand. In case of emergency, I would rather lose my son than leave a seedling for my uncle. " Deeply moved, Huang Chao said to the woman, "Sister-in-law, go back quickly and stick calamus and wormwood at the door, so that Huang Chao's army won't hurt you."
The woman was skeptical, but she returned to the city and spread the news. The next day was Duanyang in May, and Huang Chao's army stormed into the city, only to find bows, calamus and wormwood hanging on the doors of every household. In order to keep his promise to women, Huang Chao had no choice but to lead the troops, and the whole city was spared. To commemorate this event, every time after the Dragon Boat Festival, everyone will put calamus and wormwood on the door. This custom has been passed down to this day.
2. In memory of Qu Yuan.
According to the historian Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng, Qu Yuan was a minister of Chu Huaiwang in the Spring and Autumn Period. He advocated the use of talents, empowerment, and prosperity, and advocated joint resistance to Qin, which was strongly opposed by others. Qu Yuan was forced to leave his post, was driven out of the capital and exiled to the Yuan and Xiang river basins. During his exile, he wrote immortal poems such as Li Sao, Tian Wen and Tian Wen, which have a unique style and far-reaching influence (therefore, the Dragon Boat Festival is also called the Poet's Day). In 278 BC, Qin Jun conquered Kyoto of Chu. Seeing that his motherland was invaded, Qu Yuan was heartbroken, but he was always reluctant to give up his motherland. On May 5th, after writing his masterpiece Huai Sha, he died in Miluo River and wrote a magnificent patriotic movement with his own life.
After the death of Qu Yuan, the people of Chu were so sad that they flocked to the Miluo River to pay homage to Qu Yuan. The fisherman paddled the boat and fished for his real body back and forth on the river. A fisherman took out rice balls, eggs and other foods prepared for Qu Yuan and threw them into the river, saying that ichthyosaurs, shrimps and crabs were full and would not bite the doctor. People followed suit after seeing it. An old doctor took an altar of realgar wine and poured it into the river, saying that he would stun the dragon water beast with medicine so as not to hurt Dr. Qu. Later, people were afraid that rice balls would be eaten by dragons, so they came up with the idea of wrapping rice with neem leaves and then wrapping it with colored silk to make it develop into brown seeds.
After that, on the fifth day of May every year, there is the custom of dragon boat racing, eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine. In memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.
3. Commemorate Gou Jian's beheading of Wu Shuo.
In Zhejiang, there is also the Dragon Boat Festival, which originated from Gou Jian's theory of practicing the water army. Dragon boat race is considered to commemorate the history of Gou Jian, the king of Yue, who trained his navy to defeat Wu.
He ascended the throne in the first 496 years. He was defeated by the State of Wu and forced to surrender. He lived in the state of Wu for three years, cheated the trust of Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and was put back to Yue. By paying for work and tasting courage, and reusing Fan Li and literary style, Vietnam's national strength gradually recovered. On the fifth day of May of that year, the navy was established and began to practice. In the first 482 years, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, tried his best to attend the Huangchi meeting, leaving only the prince and the old and weak to defend the country. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, took advantage of the situation and defeated Wu Shi. Fu Cha quickly formed an alliance with the State of Jin and returned. Lien Chan was unfavorable and had to make peace with Yue. In 473 BC, Fu Cha was forced to commit suicide, and Wu was finally wiped out in one fell swoop. In order to show Gou Jian's perseverance, later generations followed the example of the Yue navy in practice and rowed a boat race on the fifth day of May as a souvenir.
4. "In memory of Cao E"
According to the Biography of Cao E in the Later Han Dynasty, Cao E was born in Caojiabao, Yuzaohu Township. Father Cao Xu, as the witch wishes, can "caress the festival and dance to enjoy the spirit". On May 5, the second year of Han 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (143), Cao Xu sailed in the Shunjiang River to meet the tide god Wu Jun, saying, "The water will never die. At the age of fourteen, he threw a melon into the river and saved his father's body. Yue: With my father here, the melon should sink. Weeping by the river, day and night, seven days in ten days. He threw himself into the river. Three days later, he carried his father's body out. "
Cao E's father drowned in the river, and his body was not seen for several days. His youngest daughter, Cao E, was only fourteen years old at that time, crying day and night along the river to find his father. 17 days later, on May 5, she also threw herself into the river and fished out her father's body three days later. "
Later generations renamed Shunjiang Cao 'e River in memory of her. In the first year of Yuanjia (15 1), Shangyu County ordered Duchamp to rebury E beside Jiangnan Road, and ordered his disciple Han Danchun to make a funeral speech and carve a stone to show filial piety. After Cai Yong's visit, he read it in the evening, touched the text with his hand, and wrote eight words on the tablet: "Sun of the yellow silk young woman's mortar" (the riddle has a wonderful answer).
In eastern Zhejiang, local residents regard the Dragon Boat Festival as a festival to commemorate their filial daughter Cao E. Cao E was a native of Shangyu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Her father drowned in the river and didn't see her body for several days. At that time, Cao E, the filial daughter, was only fourteen years old, crying day and night by the river. 17 days later, he also threw himself into the river on May 5, and fished out his father's body five days later. This was passed down as a myth, and then to the governor of the county government, who made it a monument for disciple Han Danchun to make a eulogy.
5. In memory of Wu Zixu.
Wu Zixu family is very famous in Chu State. Grandfather Wu Ju is a famous minister of Chu State, who has made contributions to the truth. His father Wu She was the teacher built by the King of Chu. In 522 BC, Wu Zixu fled to the State of Wu for refuge because his father Wu She, his brother Wu Shang and more than 65,438+000 people in his family were killed by King Chu Ping. After knowing Wu Gongzi Guang, I helped him win the throne for the sake of He Lv, the king of Wu. In order to enable the State of Wu to resist foreign enemies, he suggested that He Lv, the king of Wu, "build battlements first, set up garrisons, secure positions and rule the army" and was ordered to choose the site of the capital of Wu himself. He "tasted the water of Xiangtu" and "looked at the image of heaven and earth", and finally selected the city site, made reasonable planning, and built a great harmonious city. Suzhou city today.
Wu Zixu was very talented and won the trust of He Lv, the prince of Wu. He was loyal and helped the king of Wu to break the strong Chu in the west, unite the gold in the north and serve the Vietnamese in the south, and the national strength of Wu reached its peak. After the death of Yan Lu, the king of Wu, he continued to assist Fu Cha to ascend to the throne and helped Wu defeat Yue. Wu Zixu analyzed that due to the limitation of natural conditions, wuyue can only have one of the two, so he advocated that the state of Yue must perish. However, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, prided himself on his exploits, listened to Bo's slanderers and let Yue live. And put Wu Zixu to death. On the fifth day of May, Zixu's body was taken away, wrapped in leather and put into the river. Three years after Wu Zixu's death, Wu was destroyed by Yue, and Fu Cha hid his face and committed suicide. The people of Wu miss Wu Zixu, the pillar of the country. For thousands of years, there has been a saying in Jiangsu and Zhejiang that after Wu Zixu's death, his faithful soul will never die, which became Shen Tao's saying. The Dragon Boat Festival is a day to commemorate Wu Zixu.
6. Commemorative meson deduction
Jie Zitui once followed Zhong Er into exile, and was a courtier of Zhong Er, the son of the State of Jin. Zhong Er hasn't eaten for days. If he doesn't eat, he will die. At this time, meson tui actually cut off the meat on his thigh and made a broth for Zhong Er to eat. Zhong Er, satiated with food and drink, asked why. He was very moved when he found the injury of meson push. Zhong Er said that in the future, when he got the position of monarch, he must reward meson push to repay his life.
However, when Zhong Er returned to the State of Jin and won the position of monarch, he was very satisfied with all the princes, but he forgot the meson push. Meson pushed out the resentment in his heart, so he wrote a song of dragon and snake to express his sadness. Then, Jiezitui left the palace with her mother and returned to her hometown. Someone told Jin Wengong the ballad of meson push, and Jin Wengong was sorry, so he quickly sent someone to find meson push. I found mesons living in the mountains, so I went to find them. But meson push just refused to show up. Jin Wengong is also a cruel man, so he ordered the release of Yamakaji, thinking that meson push must be a mountain to survive. I didn't expect mesons to burn a tree alive.
That day was the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. In order to apologize for Jietui, Jin Wengong ordered not to make a fire to cook on the fifth day of May-prepare cold food such as zongzi a few days in advance-to commemorate Jietui.
Later, other countries learned the story of meson push, and they were also very moved and popularized it. Both the Central Plains and the Yangtze River Basin commemorate the meson push on the fifth day of May.
7. Cao E searched for his father's body.
Cao E, a dutiful daughter of the Eastern Han Dynasty, died because Cao Fu threw herself into the river. /kloc-when she was 0/4 years old, she cried by the river. 17 days later, Cao Fu's body is still missing. She threw herself into the river on May 1 day, and five days later, the two bodies closed and floated, and were sacrificed by the villagers.
8. Legend of White Snake
Legend has it that Empress White Snake married Xu Xian in return for her kindness. It is said that on the Dragon Boat Festival, the white snake drank realgar wine, which was almost snake-shaped. It is a famous folk drama, together with The Legend of the White Snake in Fahai and the flooded Jinshan Temple.
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Related customs
The Dragon Boat Festival is also called the Mid-Autumn Festival, because after the fifth month of the lunar calendar, the weather is getting hotter, mosquitoes and flies breed, and infectious diseases are prone to occur, so the ancients called May "evil month" or "poisonous month". On the Dragon Boat Festival, the sun is the hottest and all kinds of poisons come out. The ancients used five kinds of plants-Acorus calamus, wormwood, pomegranate flower, garlic and Shandan-to detoxify, which can be said to be an ancient health festival in China.
After the founding of the Republic of China, it was designated as "Summer Festival", also known as "Poet's Festival" to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Dragon Boat Festival is called "Universal Festival" because every household hangs calamus to ward off evil spirits.
The customs related to the Dragon Boat Festival are as follows:
(1) Eat zongzi
It was because Qu Yuan threw himself into the river that people were afraid that Qu Yuan's body would be eaten by fish and shrimp, so they packed rice in bamboo tubes and threw it into the river. Later, it evolved into being wrapped in bamboo baskets and bamboo leaves and thrown into the river to feed fish and shrimp.
(2) Drink realgar
After the Dragon Boat Festival, various insects became active and the plague gradually increased. Realgar has the effect of eliminating epidemic diseases. It is precisely because of the story of the white snake that after drinking realgar wine, the white snake is almost snake-shaped, so the people play a role as effective, hoping to receive the role of exorcism.
(3) hanging branches of Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Acorus calamus and Ficus.
There are reasons for hanging wormwood, calamus (Pujian), pomegranate and garlic at the entrance of Dragon Boat Festival. Usually mugwort leaves, banyan trees and calamus are tied into a bundle with red paper and then inserted or hung on the door. Because Acorus calamus is the first of the five auspicious symbols in the sky, it symbolizes the ominous sword, because the growing season and shape are regarded as "the breath of a hundred yin", and the leaves are sword-shaped and can be inserted at the door to ward off evil spirits. Therefore, the alchemist called it "water sword", and later the custom extended to "general sword", which can cut off all evil. In the Qing Dynasty, Gu Tieqing recorded in Jia Qinglu that "chopping Pu as a sword, chopping Peng as a whip, and hanging peach stalks and garlic on the bed are all used to exorcise ghosts". However, in the local records of the Jin Dynasty, "I mourn for the tiger, or cut the ribbon for the tiger, with leaves of mourning attached, and I strive to cut it. In the future, it will be calamus, or it will be shaped like a human figure or a small sword, and it will be called Pujian to drive away evil spirits. "
Wormwood represents a hundred blessings and is a kind of herbal medicine that can cure diseases. Inserting it at the door can make you healthy. In ancient China, it has always been a medicinal plant. Moxibustion in acupuncture uses wormwood as the main component and burns it at acupoints to treat diseases. The legend that wormwood can exorcise evil spirits has been circulating for a long time, mainly because it has the function of medicine. For example, Zong Yi's Chronicle of Jingchu records that when Japanese chickens don't crow, people who take wormwood like humans take it and receive it with moxibustion, which is very effective. That is, the day when Ai was taken in human form and hung on the door, it could poison gas. Most people also have the custom of planting wormwood before and after the house for good luck. In Taiwan Province Province, folks also paste "afternoon couplets" on the Dragon Boat Festival, which has the same function as amulets. Some afternoon couplets have a saying: "Holding an Aiqi attracts a hundred blessings, and hanging a sword kills a thousand evils". The folk significance of fig branches can strengthen the body. "It is braver to insert figs than dragons, and it is braver to insert mugwort leaves." . There is also the local custom of hanging pomegranate, garlic or Shandan, and garlic is used to eliminate disasters and treat pests and poisons; Shandan prescription cures madness, pomegranate flowers hang doors to avoid Huang Chao. Pomegranate flower is the flower of this season, and it also has the function of treating diseases. Pomegranate peel is a common Chinese medicine. There is also a story about the relationship between pomegranate flower and Huang Chao. During the rebellion in Huang Chao, Huang Chao once approached a village and happened to see a woman with a big child on her back and a child in her hand. Huang Chao was curious and asked why. Women don't know Huang Chao, just say that because Huang Chao came and killed her uncle's family, this is the only remaining lifeline, so if she can't attend to both of them, she will sacrifice her own flesh and blood to save her uncle's flesh and blood. Huang Chao was deeply moved and told the woman that as long as pomegranate flowers were hung on the door, the disaster in Huang Chao could be avoided.
(4) Hanging Bell Statue
Because folklore is about catching ghosts, Zhong Kui seems to have the ability to make ghosts. It is said that Emperor Tang Ming dreamed that a GREAT GHOST and a little demon were stealing food, and GREAT GHOST caught it and ate it. Don asked, "Who are you? GREAT GHOST said, "My name is Zhong Kui, and I am a scholar in Zhong Nanshan. I didn't pass the exam because of my ugly hat, so I committed suicide. Now I swear to rid the world of evil for your majesty. "Ming Taizu woke up and asked the painter Wu Daozi to paint Zhong Kui as he saw in his dream. It turned out that the statue of Zhong Kui was hung at the end of the year, and Wen Zhiming, a painter in the Ming Dynasty, painted Zhong Kui in the Cold Forest. Hanging a statue of Zhong Kui on the Dragon Boat Festival may be a custom in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, but it is rare in Taiwan Province Province.
(5) Dragon Boat Race
In ancient times, people raced to row boats because Qu Yuan threw himself into the river to save Qu Yuan. Modern Times is an activity that best embodies team spirit. In addition, the main rivers in all cities in the province hold dragon boat rowing competitions every year, and domestic wireless TV stations broadcast the grand occasion of the competitions. In recent years, it has gradually developed into an international invitational tournament. The reason why the dragon boat race is loved by foreign friends is that it is a sport that needs the tacit understanding of strength and beauty, which is different from the popular kayaking or eight-person rowing abroad. Dragon boat races are similar everywhere. It is worth mentioning that the dragon boat race in Erlong Village of yilan county is not famous because their dragon boats are longer or more beautiful than those in other places, but because there are only two teams-Qiwulan in Upper Erlong Village and Zhouzaiwei in Lower Erlong Village. They each have a dragon boat with a Tai Chi pattern, but Qiwulan has a green background and Zhou Zaiwei has a red background. The rules of the competition are that the residents of both villages are players, and they compete in Erlongxi dozens of times (from afternoon to dusk). When the team members are tired, they will immediately change to the people in the same village, and the team that wins more will win.
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