Here, I want to talk to you about how to design and make handwritten newspapers, which can be described from these three aspects:
First, the steps of beautification and design;
The second is the performance of header, illustration and tail flower;
Third, edit and copy the production process.
First, beautification and design
The beautification design of handwritten newspaper mainly includes: layout design and header, title flower, illustration, tail flower and lace design.
1, layout design
Layout design is an important link in making a good handwritten newspaper.
To design a good layout, we must pay attention to the following points:
(1) Make clear what is the main content of this issue's handwritten newspaper, and choose a meaningful header (i.e. registration). Generally, the header should be designed in the most eye-catching position;
(2) Read through the edited or written article and calculate its word count, and edit it according to the content and length of the article (that is, typesetting). Generally, important articles are placed in a prominent position (that is, on the front page);
(3) pay attention to the combination of long and short articles interspersed with horizontal and vertical rows to make the layout clean and lively;
(4) attention should also be paid to typesetting: the arrangement of words should be mainly horizontal and supplemented by vertical, the line spacing should be greater than the word spacing, there should be gaps between articles, there should be gaps between articles and edges, and there should be about 3CM blank edges around the paper. In addition, newspapers should always be kept clean and tidy.
2. Header
Headlines play a direct role, which must closely match the theme and vividly reflect the main ideas of handwritten newspapers. Registration should have a positive, healthy and meaningful name.
Headers are generally determined by theme graphics, header text and geometric color blocks or laces, or serious or lively, or square or round, or elegant or colorful.
Header design should pay attention to:
(1) The composition should be stable, the picture structure should be compact, the header design and expression should be concise, and the theme of handwritten newspaper should be reflected at a glance;
(2) its characters should be large, with lines or letters, or color or black and white;
(3) There are several design schemes for its position: first, if the typesetting design is two pages, it should be placed at the upper right; Second, if the typesetting design is full-page, it can be in the middle, on the left or on the right. Usually, they are designed at the upper part of the layout, not at its lower end.
3. Title
The title (that is, the title flower) is usually in front of the article or combined with the title picture of the article. When designing the title, pay attention to the title text, which is slightly larger. Decorative graphics should be based on the content and layout of the article. The title of the article should be smaller than the title body, but larger than the body. In short, we should pay attention to clear priorities.
4. Illustrations and codices
Illustration is designed according to the needs of content and layout decoration. Good illustrations can beautify the layout and help readers understand the content of the article. Don't occupy too big a position in illustrations and credits, it is easy to appear empty and messy. Tail flowers are mostly designed for the needs of page beautification, mostly flowers or geometric patterns. Illustrations and transcripts are not necessary for all articles. The more the better, the more the better.
5.shoelaces
Lace is indispensable in handwritten newspapers. Some headers and headers can be designed with lace; Important articles are framed with lace; Articles can also be separated by lace; Some whole pages can also be separated up and down or left and right with lace. In the use of lace, straight lines or wavy lines are often used.
Second, the head painting, illustration, the end of the flower expression.
The expressions of head painting, illustration and tail painting can be roughly divided into line drawing and color block painting.
1, draw a line
It requires concise and general images, accurate lines and clear focus. Pay attention to some steps when painting:
(1) generally sketch the main line-determine the angle, direction and size;
(2) Draw the scale, structure and perspective related to the diagram;
(3) Describe the details, and draw the rhythm changes of lines in combination with body structure, composition and color;
(4) Finally, arrange them to make the picture complete and unified.
2. Color block painting
In addition to accurate modeling, we should also be good at dealing with the collocation and change relationship of color blocks, which should be handled from the needs of the object to make the layout colorful. When drawing, you can draw a pencil draft first (modeling is as accurate as possible), and then evenly apply large color blocks; Details after characterization; Finally, it is trimmed to make it more unified and perfect.
Line drawing and color block drawing are usually used at the same time, which can be multicolored or monochrome. Whether it's line drawing or color block drawing, it's best not to draw only with a pencil. Graphics or text on a page cannot be cut and pasted.
Third, the compilation and drawing steps of handwritten newspaper
Editing and drawing is an important step from conception to concrete completion.
There are two steps: one is the preparation stage, and the other is the preparation stage.
1, preparation stage.
Mainly the preparation of various materials and tools. Specifically, it includes: drafting the registration of the current handwritten newspaper; Prepare a blank sheet of paper (the size depends on the need, such as half-open, four-open, eight-open, etc.). The handwritten newspaper competition organized by the Political and Educational Affairs Office is required to be the size of Jiangxi Daily, that is, half open); Edit and write relevant written materials (prepare more articles); Writing and drawing tools, etc.
2. Preparation stage.
This stage is the main process of making handwritten newspapers. Roughly: layout design, copying process, beautification process.
(1) Layout design: typesetting according to the length of the article, and drawing a grid or grid line (generally sketched with a pencil, and handwritten newspaper can be erased or not).
(2) Copying process: refers to the writing of articles. Handwritten newspaper paper is mostly white, and carbon ink should be used for writing; Font should be running script and regular script, less cursive script and seal script; The size of the words should be moderate (in line with the usual reading habits). Don't be afraid if the handwriting is not very good. The key is to write neatly. In addition, typos are not allowed in articles or titles.
(3) Beautifying process: After copying the article, you can draw illustrations, tail flowers and lace (it is not advisable to copy illustrations first) to beautify the whole layout. This process is the key to the layout effect of handwritten newspaper.
The handwritten newspaper can be in black and white or in color. It can be comprehensive or thematic. The design requirements and steps of handwritten newspaper and blackboard newspaper are basically the same.
Students, exercise yourself and draw a handwritten newspaper that belongs to you and everyone!
Speaking of health, some people may say, "If you eat too much, you will be healthy!" In fact, health does not lie in eating more. You should exercise regularly, drink plenty of water, eat on time every day, go to bed on time and so on, so as to be healthy. I read in the newspaper that eating too many fruits and vegetables and eating more vitamins is good for your health.
Hygiene and health are closely related. Bad hygiene habits not only make your body easy to get sick, but sometimes even your precious eyes will be attacked. When you come into contact with money, expired books and other items, never rub your eyes, otherwise the bacteria on your hands will enter your eyes, causing trachoma and reducing your vision.
In order to have a healthy body, we should develop good hygiene habits in peacetime. Good hygiene habits are not abstract concepts, but are manifested as small things in life. For example, keep yourself clean and tidy, change clothes frequently, take a bath frequently, and cut your nails frequently; Wash your hands before and after meals; Clean the environment frequently; Take part in physical exercise properly to enhance immunity.
1. The concept of health is not only the absence of disease or weakness, but also the general term for physical and mental health and good social adaptation. I. Respiratory infectious diseases
1, what is respiratory infectious disease?
Respiratory infectious diseases refer to infectious diseases caused by pathogens invading from human nose, throat, trachea and bronchus.
2. What are the common respiratory infectious diseases?
Common influenza, measles, chickenpox, rubella, meningitis, mumps, tuberculosis, etc.
3. What are the common pathogens of respiratory infectious diseases?
There are mainly viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma and chlamydia. Such as influenza virus, measles virus, meningococcus, mycobacterium tuberculosis, etc.
4. Under what circumstances are you prone to respiratory infectious diseases?
The respiratory tract is connected with the outside world and is more vulnerable to various pathogens. Winter and spring are the high incidence seasons of respiratory infectious diseases, and sudden weather changes are also prone to disease.
Children, the elderly, the infirm, patients with malnutrition or chronic diseases, overworked people and other people are prone to respiratory infectious diseases.
5. What are the main clinical manifestations of common respiratory infectious diseases?
Different respiratory infectious diseases have different clinical manifestations. Generally, the onset is urgent and there are fever symptoms.
Influenza: generally manifested as acute onset, with obvious symptoms of systemic poisoning such as fever, fatigue, headache and general aches, and mild respiratory symptoms such as cough and runny nose.
Measles: Symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctival congestion, measles mucosal spots on oral mucosa and maculopapules on skin.
Chickenpox: systemic symptoms are mild, skin and mucosa appear in batches, and rapidly develop into spots, papules, blisters and scabs.
Rubella: the clinical manifestations are low fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes behind the ear and occipital region, and mild systemic symptoms.
Meningitis: The main manifestations are sudden high fever, severe headache, frequent vomiting, ecchymosis of skin and mucosa, irritability, stiff neck, mental disorder and convulsion.
Mumps: Acute swelling and pain of parotid gland, accompanied by fever and general malaise.
Tuberculosis: It is a chronic infectious disease, mainly characterized by fever, night sweats, general malaise, cough, expectoration, hemoptysis, chest pain and dyspnea.
6. How do common respiratory infectious diseases spread?
It is mainly transmitted by droplets of patients or recessive infected people, and can also be transmitted through direct close contact or indirect contact.
7. How to prevent respiratory infectious diseases?
① Keep the indoor and surrounding environment clean; Always open the window for ventilation to keep the indoor air fresh.
② Develop good hygiene habits, do not spit everywhere, wash your hands frequently and drink plenty of water.
③ Exercise regularly to improve your disease resistance.
(4) Change clothes in time according to weather changes to avoid catching cold.
If you have symptoms such as fever and cough, you should go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time. When infectious diseases occur, you should take the initiative to isolate yourself from healthy people and try not to go to public places to prevent others from being infected.
Second, intestinal infectious diseases
Common intestinal infectious diseases are generally spread by patients and carriers through feces-mouth with the help of water, food, close contacts and flies. The main symptoms are vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever.
Common intestinal infectious diseases are:
1, bacterial food poisoning: caused by bacteria or bacterial toxins. People who eat together often get sick and have symptoms of severe vomiting.
2, bacterial dysentery: caused by Shigella dysenteriae, the patient has the feeling of endless defecation; Feces can be purulent, often accompanied by fever, and children may go into shock.
3, amoebic dysentery: caused by amoeba, the feces are jam-like.
4, viral enteritis: also known as epidemic diarrhea. Patients are often accompanied by symptoms such as colds.
Preventive measures: Intestinal infectious diseases mainly control "disease from mouth to mouth". Adhere to the policy of "washing hands frequently, drinking boiled water and eating cooked food". Details are as follows:
1. Patients with intestinal infectious diseases should seek medical treatment in time and be treated in isolation. They shouldn't work in the catering industry to avoid infecting others.
2. Suspected patients should go to the hospital intestinal clinic in time and take timely treatment measures. Close contacts between carriers and patients should be isolated for inspection and preventive medication. Employees in the catering service industry shall have an annual health examination and hold a health certificate.
3. Cut off the route of transmission and do a good job of "three tubes and one extinction" (water, feces, food and flies) to prevent the disease from entering the mouth; Ensure the supply of clean and hygienic water and safe food; Diet should be light and hygienic, cooked food should be reheated and cooked, and raw seafood should not be eaten; Develop good hygiene habits and wash your hands before and after meals.
4. Improve the body's resistance. Don't be too tired and ensure adequate sleep time; Inoculate hepatitis A vaccine, typhoid vaccine and other vaccines.
(4) Pay attention to ear health
According to the second national sampling survey of disabled people, there are 20.04 million hearing disabled people and 65.438+0.27 million speech disabled people in China. Nowadays, children's deafness is more and more closely related to genetic factors. The basic knowledge of preventing congenital deafness is very important, and the general survey and screening of newborns are also necessary. Experts pointed out that if there is congenital deafness, early intervention should be carried out according to the cause, and at the same time, the cause of acquired deafness should be understood. Children's listening development has a stage of gradual growth. If you can't reach the corresponding index, you should go to the hospital for examination to determine whether you have hearing impairment or are affected by certain diseases. Avoid missing the best opportunity for timely treatment. "Four Diligences": Wash your hands, bathe, cut your nails and clean up frequently.
Hands often touch here and there, which is easy to get dirty. If you buckle your nose, rub your eyes and touch your mouth with dirty hands, it will bring germs into your body and cause diseases. So be sure to wash your hands frequently. Skin is the first line of defense to maintain health. Frequent bathing can remove dust and bacteria from hair, skin surface and pores in time, and prevent sores, tinea and scabies. It is easy to hide dust, germs, viruses and parasites under your nails, so you should always cut your nails. In addition, poor sanitation is easy to spread diseases. Clean frequently and keep indoor and outdoor clean.
"Two noes": Do not use sanitary ware (such as towels, cups, etc.). ) and don't litter.
"Five good": good mental adjustment, good living arrangement, good diet adjustment, good clothing and good health care.
Adjust the mentality: just keep a good mood. In this way, people not only feel comfortable, but also enhance their immunity to diseases. We should attach importance to science, not superstition, and use science to guide our lives.
Arrange your own life: arrange a certain time for study, physical exercise, housework and other activities every day. And pay attention to the rules of life.
Good diet regulation: Pay attention to food hygiene and nutrition, and try to eat some vegetables, fruits and bean products every day.
Get dressed: just pay attention to the weather changes, change clothes at any time, and actively prevent colds.
Good health care: pay attention to the health of yourself and your family. If you have fever or diarrhea, please seek medical advice promptly. Never take medicine in disorder.
Good living habits are good for the brain.
Teenagers are in the best stage of physical development and learning cultural knowledge. Most parents want their children to be healthy, study well and achieve something in society in the future, which requires a strong body and a smart mind. Good living habits are good for the brain.
First, have a good breakfast. There has always been a saying that breakfast is good, lunch is full, and dinner is few. But because the morning is the most stressful time, some children are lazy and have no time to eat breakfast. This is very harmful to the brain, because skipping breakfast leads to low blood sugar and insufficient nutrition supply to the brain. Morning is the time when homework is the most, and the energy needed by the brain is not supplied, which will affect homework and brain development in the long run. Fresh milk is best for breakfast. It not only contains high-quality protein, but also contains lecithin necessary for brain development.
Second, ensure adequate sleep. Sleep is a period of rest and adjustment for the brain. Sleep can not only make the cells in the cerebral cortex not fail, but also replenish the consumed energy and achieve a new balance in the process of excitement and inhibition in the cerebral cortex. Good sleep can improve memory. Teenagers should ensure 8 hours of sleep every day. At the same time, you should be careful not to cover your head when you sleep, because when you sleep with your head covered, with the continuous increase of carbon dioxide concentration in the quilt, the oxygen concentration will continue to decrease, and the brain will not get sufficient oxygen supply, which will cause great harm to the brain for a long time.
Third, drink more water. Water is the most important part of the human body. Studies have found that insufficient drinking water is an important reason for the accelerated aging of the brain. Teenagers should drink at least 8 glasses of water every day to ensure their physical needs. Take part in physical exercise. Exercise can not only make bones and muscles strong, but also promote the development of brain and internal organs.
Fourth, don't use your brain when you are sick. When you are in poor health or suffering from various acute diseases, you should rest. At this time, if you still insist on learning to use your brain, it is not only inefficient, but also easy to cause brain damage.
School health publicity materials
I. Daily study time, outdoor activities time and sleep time of primary and secondary school students:
1, study time (including self-study): primary school students do not exceed 6 hours a day; No more than 8 hours for middle school students.
2. Outdoor activities: primary school students should spend no less than 3-3.5 hours a day, and middle school students should spend no less than 2-2.5 hours.
3. Sleep time: primary school students should sleep 10 hours a day, and middle school students should sleep for 9 hours.
Second, brushing methods, reading and writing posture, personal hygiene "four diligence" and "five noes".
Brush your teeth: get up early and go to bed late to brush your teeth. Please write down the correct method, brush it through the teeth and remove the food residue between the teeth.
Brush your teeth, brush down, brush down, brush up. Brush inside and outside, teeth are white and white.
Reading posture: read with your heart in your hand, and the book is one foot away from your eyes. Keep your posture straight and your waist straight, and remember to protect your eyesight.
The posture of holding the pen: hold the small pencil in your hand, and your hand is one inch away from the pencil. The index finger is behind the front thumb, and the pencil is written obliquely.
Writing posture: write three ones, one inch, one punch and one foot. Press the paper with your left hand, write with your right hand, keep your body straight and your head straight.
Don't drink raw water: you can't drink raw water casually in summer because you sweat a lot and are thirsty.
There are many bacteria in the water, which cause many diseases.
Pay attention to drinking water hygiene and ensure health. Really happy.
Personal hygiene "Four Diligences": wash your nails, wash your hair and have a haircut, bathe and wash clothes, rinse your mouth and brush your teeth.
Personal hygiene "five noes": don't drink raw water, don't eat spoiled and unclean food, don't spit everywhere, don't urinate anywhere, and don't throw scraps of paper.
Early to bed and early to rise is good for your health: don't play at night, go to bed on time, get up early at dawn, sleep for ten hours, be full of energy during the day and have strong learning ability.
Eat regularly and order: three meals a day are indispensable, remember to order regularly. Eat well early, eat well at noon and have a proper dinner.
Operation method of four points of eye exercises: four points: Tianying point, Qinglang point, Sibai point, temple station, sitting, walking and lying posture, such as standing loose, walking like a bell and lying like a bow.
Stand at attention like a pine tree and stand upright like a clock.
Head straight, shoulders flat, chest straight, no hunchback, no chest.
Arms drooping, feet close to the head, shoulders straight and natural.
Look at the preface, how imposing, how easy it is to put your feet flat.
Walk like a spring breeze man and sleep with a bow around him.
It's so comfortable to move with your head straight and your shoulders flat like a big bow.
Feet iron inner hook outer rake supine instead of prone.
Scientific fatigue reform of sleeping posture of chest swing arm
Third, brush your teeth in the morning and evening; Rinse after meals:
After we eat food, a lot of residue will stick to our teeth and stay between our teeth. When you sleep at night, your mouth is closed and your saliva secretion is reduced. In addition, if the oral temperature is appropriate, the residue in the teeth will turn sour under the action of oral bacteria, causing tooth defects and pain: it will destroy the function of teeth, affect digestion and absorption, and can cause pulpitis, apical disease, heart disease, kidney disease, rheumatism, septicemia and so on. This will seriously affect health. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the habit of brushing your teeth in the morning and evening, gargling after meals and not eating before going to bed, requiring everyone to have their own health care. Brush your teeth according to the correct brushing method, and brush each part for 8- 10 times. After brushing your teeth, thoroughly brush off the toothbrush residue with clear water and spin it dry, then put it in a mouthwash cup with the brush head facing up and put it in a dry and ventilated place. Toothbrushes should be replaced regularly. When the bristles fall off and curl, they should be discarded and replaced.
Health begins in the dormitory.
People spend most of their time indoors, while our classmates spend at least half of their time in the dormitory. Therefore, paying attention to dormitory hygiene plays a very important role in promoting health.
1, Pay attention to air hygiene: improve the air hygiene quality of dormitory, pay attention to ventilation, open doors and windows immediately after getting up in the morning, and leave a vent on the window when sleeping at night.
2. Do indoor hygiene every day: the bed should be flat, the wardrobe should be clean, there should be no dirty pantyhose in the basin, and the shoes should be replaced in time; There is no garbage on the ground, the washstand is clean, and the urinal has no odor.
3. Wash the bedding regularly: Wash and dry the bedding regularly.
4. Don't just sit on the bed: Go back to the bedroom from the outside, don't just sit on the bed, and don't just sleep on the bed, so as to avoid the dust on your body and clothes polluting the bedding and affecting your health.