1, perception layer
The sensing layer includes sensing devices represented by sensors, identification devices represented by RFID, positioning and tracking devices such as GPS, and intelligent terminals that can integrate some or all of the above functions. Perception layer is the source of information and data in the Internet of Things, so as to achieve the goal of comprehensive perception of data.
2. Network layer
The network layer includes access network and core network. Access network can be wireless short-distance access, such as wireless local area network, ZigBee, Bluetooth, infrared, etc., or wireless long-distance access, such as mobile communication network, WiMAX, etc., or other forms of access, such as wired network access, field bus, satellite communication, etc.
The bearer of the network layer is the core network, usually an IPv4 network. The network layer is the transmission layer of information and data of the Internet of Things, which transmits the data collected by the perception layer to the application layer for further processing.
3. Application layer
The application layer analyzes and processes the data transmitted through the network layer, and finally provides users with rich specific services, such as smart grid, intelligent logistics, telemedicine, intelligent transportation, smart home, smart city and so on. According to the data provided by the perception layer and the transmission of the network layer, after corresponding processing, it may be fed back to the perception layer through the network layer again.
The main application fields of Internet of Things:
1, industry and manufacturing
The Internet of Things is widely used in industry and manufacturing. By connecting sensors and equipment to the Internet, we can monitor the production line, equipment status and supply chain in real time, realize the intelligence of production and logistics management, and improve production efficiency and quality.
2. Architecture and City
The Internet of Things can be used for intelligent management of buildings and cities. By connecting sensors and equipment, we can control and monitor smart homes, smart buildings and smart cities, improve energy efficiency, optimize traffic flow and improve environmental monitoring.
3. Agriculture and rural areas
The Internet of Things can realize the development of intelligent agriculture in the agricultural field. Through sensor network, remote monitoring and automatic control, the monitoring and management of soil moisture, meteorological conditions and irrigation system can be realized, and the yield and quality of crops can be improved.
4. Health care and health
The Internet of Things can be used in medical treatment, health management and other fields. By connecting intelligent medical equipment, health monitoring sensors and mobile applications, remote monitoring, positioning and tracking of patients' health status can be realized, and personalized medical services and health management can be provided.