What should I do if the cat is broken?

For small animals, tibia and fibula fractures are common in clinic, which are mainly caused by external violence, such as being crushed by vehicles, being hit by heavy objects, and falling from a height (in this case, the cat accidentally fell from the sixth floor and caused fractures). Fractures are often accompanied by symptoms such as massive bleeding and shock. If not rescued in time, it will often endanger the life of pets. Hematoma often appears in closed fractures, which will cause local muscle and nerve necrosis if not treated in time. Some open fractures can expose broken bones, and contact with external bacteria can cause infection and systemic septicemia. Timely and correct treatment of fractures is the key to ensure the life and health of pets and a good prognosis.

The injured cat in this case

The tibia is a bone below the knee near the inside of the calf. The fibula leans backward and the outside of the calf is wrapped by strong muscles. Tibiofibular fractures are divided into tibial fractures, fibular fractures and tibiofibular fractures according to the fracture site. According to the degree of injury, it can be divided into simple fracture, complex fracture, incomplete fracture and complete fracture. The degree of fracture injury is light, and the reducible cases can be treated with external fixation, and the effect is ideal, but for the cases with complete dislocation that cannot be reduced, internal fixation is the best method. In this paper, the fractured cat was diagnosed by X-ray, fixed with bone plate and combined with certain postoperative nursing measures, and the prognosis was good.

The picture shows the preoperative X-ray.

As can be seen from the figure, the hind limbs are all intact except the right side, and there is a transverse fracture in the middle of the tibia of the right limb, which is seriously dislocated, and the fibula is also transversely dislocated.

Animal information: 1 year-old female cat, hybrid cat, adopted, unknown immunity, unknown deworming, unknown past medical history. Weighing 6 kilograms.

Situation: I accidentally fell from the sixth floor. X-ray examination showed that there was nothing abnormal in other parts of my body. The tibia and fibula of my right hind limb are broken. According to the pet owner, it was a simple fracture for a week, and it was a transverse fracture. There is no trauma to the skin outside the broken bone, which is a closed fracture. However, the internal hematoma is very serious, and it is estimated that blood vessels have been injured.

? Treatment plan: pet owners hope to be treated conservatively through external fixation, but the possibility of external fixation reduction is very low due to serious fracture and dislocation. It is strongly recommended that pet owners adopt internal fixation surgery and decide on the operation after weighing. According to preoperative biochemical examination, CBC examination and overall sign evaluation, the dog's preoperative score was B (mild danger). Take inhalation anesthesia to reduce the risk of surgical anesthesia. Preoperative infusion regulates body fluid balance. Stop the bleeding with atropine.

The picture shows the bone plate used.

Surgery:

1. Fix the inside and outside of tibia and fibula, prepare hair and disinfect.

2. Wound towel fixation and surgical isolation

3. The medial tibial approach is adopted, because there are fewer blood vessels and nerves on the medial side and there is no thick muscle covering, which is closest to the fracture end, which is convenient for the installation and removal of the bone plate. Cut the skin and separate fascia and subcutaneous tissue. The following picture shows the physiological anatomy of the canine tibia.

Anatomical diagram

4. Pay attention to avoid hurting blood vessels and nerves when stopping bleeding during operation.

5. Expose the broken bone, separate the periosteum and reset the broken bone.

6. Select the appropriate bone plate for bone plate fixation.

7. Suture subcutaneous tissue fascia suture skin

Postoperative X-ray film (below) shows that the fracture end is well aligned, and the fracture line is basically aligned, which can be healed in one stage. Simple dressing of the affected limb does not require external fixation. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic were performed every day for 5 consecutive days. Remove stitches after one week and restrict activities for two weeks. Review the bone plate once a month and take out the implanted bone plate after 3 months.

X-ray diagram

Above and below are X-ray photos from different angles after operation. It can be seen that the upper and lower broken ends have been aligned and the fracture line has basically disappeared. Although the fibula is not fixed, it has been passively reset and tidy after tibial reduction. It can be seen that the obvious bone plate bridges the broken bones on both sides in the body.

X-ray diagram

Prognosis: due to improper nursing after operation, cats licked the wound and caused infection. After timely detection, the infection was controlled through anti-inflammation. After one week, the broken limb can touch the ground slightly, and after two weeks, the stitches are removed, and the cat can basically walk.