A few years ago, in Shuimogou, Urumqi, I saw the white relief and explanation of Fuxi Nuwa map unearthed in Astana. Due to the tombs of Astana Hara and Gu Zhuo, several portraits of Fuxi Nuwa in Turpan were found in the cemetery near Jiaohe ancient city. Most of them are buried at the top of the tomb with wooden nails, and the picture is facing down. A few paintings are folded and wrapped around the dead. According to the ancient etiquette of China, Fuxi held the moment in his left hand, Nu Wa held the rules in his right hand, and the snake head twisted. Draw the sun on the head, the moon on the tail and the stars around. Because of its profound meaning, peculiar composition, artistic charm and mystery, it has attracted great attention from the academic circles since it came out at the beginning of this century. Fuxi and Nu Wa are the ancestors of gods and people in ancient legends in China. It is said that Fuxi once taught people to engage in agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery production, and Nu Wa once taught people the ethical etiquette of marriage. The rules and regulations in their hands are not only tools of production, but also symbols of social order. 1953, scientists found that the molecular structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, the basic genetic object of biology, and the double helix structure of metaplastic basic genetic material are very similar to the image of human ancestor in Turpan. In the name of metaplasia, the portrait of Fuxi Nuwa unearthed in Turpan became the first page illustration of UNESCO magazine International Social Sciences (No.1983).
In addition, the custom of "male left and female right" is closely related to the philosophical concept of ancient people. Ancient philosophers in China believed that the two opposites of things and people in the universe were Yin and Yang. Things in nature are size, length, up and down, left and right, and so on. The ancients divided it into big, long, upper and left yang, small, short, lower and right yin. Yang is strong and yin is weak. Men's character, men's violent and strong nature belong to the yang in the left, and women's gentleness belongs to the yin in the right. "Male left and female right" also has practical scientific significance in the application of traditional Chinese medicine. "Male left and female right" refers to the physiological differences between men and women in medicine. In traditional Chinese medicine, a man takes qi in his left hand to divide the pulse, and a woman takes blood in her right hand to divide the pulse. Even if the child is sick, he will observe the handprint and adopt the habit of "male left and female right". This is the origin of "male left and female right". This custom, which has been followed to this day, existed as early as the Warring States period more than two thousand years ago. Of course, whether "male left and female right" can really express the physiological differences between men and women is another question.
Query the accuracy of the objective law of "male left and female right"
The saying that men are left and women are right has a long history. Influenced by the patriarchal ideology of "men are superior to women" and "men are superior to women", feudal society abides by "the left is superior" and "the east is great" in terms of respect for inferiority, inferiority, and inferiority, so the statement that "men are left and women are right" is a symbol of power and nobility. Later, it evolved into a custom, and formed a natural law and objective existence, which was mostly followed by the people and court officials.
What are the laws of nature? The laws of nature are manifested in various unconscious and blind dynamic interactions in nature. Because law is objective, its existence and function are independent of human will; It can neither be created nor destroyed; And the concentrated expression is its irresistible. Therefore, in our daily life, there are many established examples of "male left and female right". For example, the setting of male and female toilets in public toilets follows the principle of "male left and female right"; Wear a wedding ring when getting married, and follow the principle of "male left and female right"; Even modern blood pressure measurement and stroke hemiplegia respect the saying that "men are left and women are right". In fact, these laws are all influenced by the theory of Yin and Yang in ancient philosophy and are deduced by analogy.
The theory of Yin and Yang belongs to the category of ancient philosophy. It is an ancient philosophical theory that studies the connotation of Yin and Yang and its laws of movement and change, and is used to explain the occurrence, development and change of everything in the universe. It is also a world outlook and methodology for the ancients to explore the origin of the universe and explain the changes of the universe. In fact, it is a tool of reasoning, but it has limitations and defects.
According to the theory of Yin and Yang, the place where the "Yang" qi points in the universe is the place with strong functions; It refers to a place where the cause is prosperous, developed and successful, and it is good, right and smooth. Su Wen On the Difference between Yin and Yang: "A saint stands in the south." As far as the human body is concerned, the ancient sages thought that "facing south" was positive and smooth. According to the theory of "correspondence between man and nature" and the theory of Yin and Yang, the left side of the human body is the East, and the main growth belongs to the Yang; The right is west, and the main depression belongs to yin. As far as men and women are concerned, men are just violent and women are just feminine. The left is Yang, and the male is Yang; The right is yin and the female is yin, so there is a saying that "men are left and women are right". So as to form natural laws and exist objectively, and all people follow and use them. However, if the theory of "male left and female right" is analogized to the human body to explain some physiological functions or pathological phenomena of the human body, it may not be all.
1 The theory that hemiplegia is divided into "male left and female right"
Hemiplegia, that is, hemiplegia, is an important symptom of acute cerebrovascular disease (stroke in traditional Chinese medicine). Folk people believe that stroke hemiplegia is "male left and female right", that is, male left paralysis and female right paralysis. However, if there is no scientific analysis and confirmation of modern anatomical viewpoint, the folk saying that hemiplegia is divided into "male left and female right" may continue to spread.
According to modern anatomy, the part of hemiplegia is mainly the internal capsule area or brain stem in the deep part of the cerebral hemisphere. Regardless of craniocerebral trauma, occupation, infection and vascular diseases, hemiplegia can occur in different degrees if the internal capsule or brain stem is damaged. Because the cerebral hemisphere and brain stem cross the function of the opposite limb, the left lesion will cause paralysis of the right limb; On the right side of the lesion, left limb paralysis occurred. There is no gender difference in nerve (brain) anatomy, so you have a stroke and hemiplegia, regardless of "male left and female right", so this statement is not accurate. Therefore, the accuracy of the objective law of the theory of "male left and female right" is not accurate for stroke hemiplegia.
2 Pulse men and women, press "male left and female right"
There is a folk legend that pulse diagnosis measures men and women. Some people think it is very accurate, and there are related discussions in TCM pulse diagnosis works, but whether it is accurate or not has both tests and tests. On June 27th, 2007, Shang Yong, Vice Minister of Science and Technology, delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of the China-EU Conference on Traditional Chinese Medicine held in Rome, saying that "Chinese medicine can not only diagnose whether a woman is pregnant, but also judge whether a woman is a man or a woman" and that "this is the best application and practice of systems biology". When this statement came out, public opinion was in uproar and doubts continued. Can you really judge the sex of the fetus by taking the pulse?
Wang Jin-Shuhe's Pulse Classic is the first time to measure men and women by pulse diagnosis. The Pulse Sutra says, "A woman is pregnant with April. I want to know the male-female method, the left disease is male and the right disease is female ... Another method is that the left side of the ulnar pulse is male and the right side is female. " According to the scripture, a man was diagnosed with a pulse condition of "disease and ulnar vein" on the left side. On the right side, the diagnosis of "disease, large ulnar pulse" is female, that is, "the left side is male and the right side is female." Physicians of past dynasties have followed this statement many times. What is the reason? This stems from the saying that "men are left and women are right".
Because the left is Yang and the male is Yang; The right is yin, and the female is yin. As far as qi and blood are concerned, qi actively belongs to Yang, while blood dominates quietness and belongs to Yin. As far as the pulse condition is concerned, the left pulse belongs to yang-dominated qi, and the left pulse is diseased and large, that is, the qi is full of yang and the male is yang, so the male is called left; The right pulse belongs to yin controlling blood, and the disease of the right pulse is serious, that is, the blood is full of yin and the female is yin, so it is called "female right". So there is a saying that "men are left and women are right".
According to the theory of yin and yang, the physiological differences between men and women are explained by qi and blood, men and women match yin and yang, and the pulse condition is reflected in the statement that "men are left and women are right". Whether this theory of "male left and female right" can really reflect the physiological differences between men and women, and it is reflected by pulse diagnosis, its accuracy is doubtful. For example, "Shen Shi Gynecology Collection" said: "Wang Shuhe's" Pulse Sutra "distinguishes the male and female students by the ups and downs of the pulse ... fear and falsehood." Wang Qing-Meng Ying made a very pertinent and objective comment on the methods of pulse detection for men and women, which may inspire doctors. Wang Mengying said, "All theories of various schools have their own wisdom, but they all have their own experiences and differences. I've been studying this since I was a child, and I've learned a lot in 30 years. Some are just pregnant, and the pulse appears under the fingers; There is still a pulse after half a month; For two or three months, look at the pulse; Those who saw the pulse of pregnancy at the beginning, but did not see it after May and June; Some people have never seen a pulse; After conception, there are those who see astringency and count carefully; Even two veins are hard to find. As the ancients said, it is a matter of expressing one's feelings. Nye's death can't limit strangers. On paper, without experience, how can you say that? "
The diagnosis of pulse diseases in traditional Chinese medicine is definitely an empirical theory and a law summed up from experience. Due to the limitation of historical conditions, it is difficult to verify the accuracy of pulse diagnosis, especially for pregnant women. Which scholar has objectively and fairly counted the accuracy of male and female pulse diagnosis from the statistical point of view? Who can say that I can definitely understand men and women by taking my pulse? Under normal circumstances, the fetus conceived by a pregnant woman is either male or female (but there are also twins and hermaphrodites, etc. ). Even if you can't feel the pulse, the ratio of male to female is still half. If you say it occasionally, I believe it is the hand of God and it is widely circulated; It is also wrong to think that pulse diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine can detect the sex of men and women. If it's not true, it's quack or slander. Who will pass it on? The theoretical basis of pulse diagnosis is "male left and female right". The theory of "male left and female right" is based on the analogy of images in ancient philosophy, and its objective law is not accurate.
3 pregnant women go back to test that men and women follow the "male left and female right"
In addition, there are other methods to infer pregnant men and women in medical books of past dynasties. For example, the Pulse Sutra says, "If a pregnant woman goes south, she will be summoned again. The one on the left is a man, and the one on the right is a woman. What's more, when you look at it, your husband calls from behind, and you look back from the left, which is a man, and from the right, which is a woman. " Judging men and women according to pregnant women's glance left and right also follows the saying that "men are left and women are right". What is this? "Shen Shi Gynecology Collection" said: "When pregnant, the left side is male, and the qi and blood gather on the left side, and the left side is heavy. So, when you scream, look around, and the pulse is fixed in your left foot; When you are pregnant, you become a woman on the right, and your qi and blood gather on the right. When you make a phone call, you will look to the right, and your pulse will be shaped in your right foot. This must be true. " No matter whether this objective law is accurate or fulfilled, Wang Mengying is right, that is, "the theories of various schools are reasonable and have their own experiences ... The ancients said that they have their own opinions, and the method of resisting death cannot be limited to strangers, on paper." This statement is correct, and it goes without saying that it is inaccurate.
Or use the breasts of pregnant women's husbands to verify the statement that "men are left and women are right". For example, the Pulse Sutra says, "When a woman is pregnant, her husband's left breast is male and her right breast is female." This method is ridiculous, but it is plausible and reasonable. Why not mislead it?
4 conclusion
To sum up, the natural law of "men are left and women are right" exists objectively, and people always follow it in their daily lives. Its law comes from the theory of Yin and Yang in ancient philosophy, but less attention is paid to the accuracy of its objective law. By citing examples of hemiplegia and pulse diagnosis, men and women follow the theory of "men are left and women are right", and referring to the relevant expositions of doctors in previous dynasties, it is shown that this objective law is not accurate if it is deduced to the human body.
refer to
[1] edited by Sun. Basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine [M]. Second edition. Beijing: China Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, 2007: 32.
[2] Jin Dong. Doubts between men and women [J]. Chinese and Foreign Health Abstracts, 2009,6 (5): 206.
[3] Jin Dong. Hemiplegia must be male left and female right [N]. Health news, 2009-03- 12 (4th edition. )
[4] Shen Youpeng. Shen Shi's Collection of Gynecology [M]. Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 1985: 26, 28-29.
[5] Jin Dong. On pulse diagnosis of men and women [J]. Next issue of Xun Journal of Medical Information, 2009, 1 (8): 154.
[6] Jin Dong. Discussion on whether pulse diagnosis can detect men and women [J]. Guangming Traditional Chinese Medicine, 20 10/0,25 (1): 94-96 ..