(1) Calcium: It is an important component of bones, teeth and soft tissues. Calcium deficiency is easy to get rickets, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and so on. The human body is generally short of calcium, and the key to supplementing calcium is whether it can be absorbed by the human body and deposited in bone tissue. Mineral water contains a lot of calcium and magnesium, and the ratio of calcium and magnesium is similar, which is easily absorbed by human small intestine, enters extracellular fluid and is deposited in bone tissue. Therefore, mineral water containing calcium is the calcium source for human body to obtain calcium. The human body needs about 1 100mg of calcium every day.
(2) Magnesium: Magnesium is an important source of many enzymes in human body. Magnesium is related to people's mental state and skin health. The suitable intake for adults is 350 mg/day, and the maximum tolerable intake (UL) is 700 mg/day. ..
(3) Zinc is an essential element for the synthesis of nucleic acid and protein, and participates in the synthesis of various enzymes. Zinc can promote growth and development, which is more important for babies. It can enhance the immunity and sexual function of the body, and also enhance the regenerative ability of creative tissues, thus accelerating the healing of injuries and surgical sites. It can make the skin fit better and make people smarter. It can also improve the taste and increase appetite. Zinc is known as "the spark of life" and "the element of wisdom". The human body needs to consume about 14.5mg of zinc every day.
(4) Copper: Copper exists in the form of copper protein in the body. Copper has the functions of hematopoiesis, softening blood vessels, promoting cell growth, strengthening bones, accelerating metabolism and enhancing defense function. Copper deficiency will increase cholesterol in blood, lead to coronary atherosclerosis and form coronary heart disease. Copper deficiency can cause vitiligo, white hair and other black discoloration diseases, and even blindness and anemia. The human body needs about 1.3mg of copper every day.
(5) Manganese is an accelerant of various enzyme systems in human body. Participate in the process of hematopoiesis and fat metabolism, and have the functions of promoting growth, strengthening bones and preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. The daily intake of human body is about 4.4 mg.
(6) Potassium is the main ion in intracellular fluid, which plays an important role in maintaining osmotic pressure and acid-base balance in intracellular fluid. Potassium can activate some enzymes, maintain neuromuscular excitement and maintain cell metabolism. The human body needs to consume about 3300 mg of potassium every day.
(7) Phosphorus is an important element in human body, containing about 65438 0.4% phosphorus. The mass fraction of phosphorus in human body is: bone 85.5%, tooth 0.4%, soft tissue 14%, blood 0.3% and body fluid 0.3%. Inorganic phosphorus mostly exists in hard tissues such as bones and teeth in the form of hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)OH, and there are soluble H2PO4-/HPO42- buffer pairs in blood, which can maintain the acid-base balance of blood.
There are also many substances in the human body that are composed of phosphate and some organic groups. They play an important role in people's life activities, the most important of which are nucleic acids and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) introduced in high school biology.
Nucleic acid can be divided into two categories: deoxyribonucleic acid DNA and ribonucleic acid RNA, which are polymer compounds composed of deoxysugar and ribose, phosphoric acid and nitrogenous bases (adenine, cytosine, etc.). ) respectively. Nucleic acid plays an important role in the growth, heredity and variation of human beings (and other organisms).
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is composed of adenosine and adenine combined with three connected phosphate groups, is the direct source of energy needed by human body (and other organisms) for various life activities.
To sum up, it can be seen that phosphorus plays a wide and important role in the human body and is an essential element for the human body. Adults need about 1 3g of phosphorus every day. Many foods such as milk, eggs, fish, lean meat, rice and vegetables contain phosphorus. Calcium or sodium salts of phosphorus can be found in baking powder and foods processed with baking powder. Cola drinks are rich in phosphoric acid, but when they are drunk too much, the depth of blood phosphorus increases, which destroys the Ca/P ratio and reacts with blood Ca2+ to generate Ca3(PO4)2 precipitate, which reduces the blood calcium concentration. In order to maintain the stability of blood calcium concentration, it will not lead to the dissolution and loss of calcium in bones and induce osteoporosis and softening. Therefore, people should pay attention to the ratio of calcium and phosphorus in food.
It must be noted that many compounds of phosphorus are toxic, such as many organophosphorus pesticides and inorganic phosphorus compounds such as PH3, PCl3, PCl5, P2O3, etc. Some are highly toxic, such as some organophosphorus pesticides, PH3, P2O3 (and pure white phosphorus) and so on.
(8) Sodium: it is an inherent component of body tissues and body fluids, and plays an important role in maintaining the cellular system and regulating the balance of water and salt. Sodium is an indispensable element for muscle contraction, regulating cardiovascular function and improving digestive system function. The human body needs to consume about 4400 mg of sodium every day.
(9) Selenium is the main component of glutathione peroxidase in the body, which participates in the synthesis of the enzyme and protects the structure of the cell membrane. Selenium can stimulate the production of immunoglobulin and antibody, enhance humoral immunity and cellular immunity, and has anticancer effect. Selenium also has antioxidant effect, deoxidizes the oxides in the body, detoxifies, resists and reduces the toxicity of mercury, cadmium, thallium and arsenic, and improves eyesight. The human body needs to consume about 0.068 mg of selenium every day.